Transitioning From Digital To Analog Instrumentation,
2011
Wright State University
Transitioning From Digital To Analog Instrumentation, Geoffrey Whitehurst, William Rantz
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Technically Advanced Aircraft (TAA) have seen an increase in manufacturing within the last decade. The growing use of these aircraft will present unique challenges to the aviation infrastructure; as well as flight training. With the large number of analog aircraft remaining in the general aviation fleet, transitions between digital and analog will become more numerous and perhaps more precarious. A recent survey of flight instructors at one college highlighted situational awareness problems for 95% of TAA trained students when exposed to analog equipped instrument panels. Perhaps two options are available to study this problem on the ground: flight simulators or …
Using A Cdti With Indications To Prevent Runway Incursions,
2011
Wright State University
Using A Cdti With Indications To Prevent Runway Incursions, Kathleen Mcgarry, John Helleberg
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
A human-in-the-loop simulation was performed to evaluate an advanced Aircraft Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) application that provides runway safety indications on a Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) implemented on a Class 2 Electronic Flight Bag (EFB). There are display limitations associated with the use of a Class 2 EFB including when the ownship symbol is shown, and how the surface moving map is displayed at various stages of flight. Nineteen pilots viewed the CDTI in a baseline condition without indications, and then in two conditions with traffic and/or runway indications while operating a mediumfidelity flight simulator. Subjective results …
Human Factors Considerations For Integrating Traffic Information On Airport Moving Maps,
2011
Wright State University
Human Factors Considerations For Integrating Traffic Information On Airport Moving Maps, Michelle Yeh, Scott Gabree
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
The purpose of this research effort was to identify human factors considerations in the integration of traffic information and surface indications and alerts for runway status on airport moving maps for flight deck displays. The information is primarily intended to support the development of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) policy and guidance for surface conflict detection and alerting (e.g., runway incursion alerting). The Volpe Center gathered information in two ways: (1) from observations made during FAA-sponsored demonstrations of Automated Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) surface conflict detection algorithms, and (2) collecting pilot feedback on the use of ADS-B in the general …
The Selection Of Commercial Astronauts For Suborbital Spaceflight,
2011
Wright State University
The Selection Of Commercial Astronauts For Suborbital Spaceflight, Brian Kozak, Denver Lopp, John Young, Tim Ropp
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
When SpaceShipOne won the Ansari X-Prize in 2004, it launched the commercial space tourism industry. In 2007 Burt Rutan said, “We think that 100,000 people will fly by 2020” (Rutan, 2007). This will create a need for qualified crews to operate these spacecraft. The purpose of this qualitative, exploratory study was to investigate the possible selection criteria of these crews. Data was collected from telephone and email interviews with four U.S.-suborbital space tourism companies and Purdue University's astronaut alumni network. Grounded Theory and Truth and Reality Testing were used as the theoretical framework for data analysis. The data gathered suggests …
Improving Human Factors Training: Perceptions Of Retired Aircraft Maintenance Technicians,
2011
Wright State University
Improving Human Factors Training: Perceptions Of Retired Aircraft Maintenance Technicians, Kim Wayne Robinson
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Human Factors training is a major concern for airlines and Maintenance Repair Organizations. This study taps into the reservoir of knowledge and experience of retired Aircraft Maintenance Technicians (AMTs) with respect to aviation maintenance human factors. A survey was given to retired AMTs with 20-30 years of maintenance experience to rank the relative importance of each of the FAA’s Dirty Dozen of human factors in maintenance accidents. Follow-up focus groups were conducted to further explore recommendations on how to prevent human factor accidents related to maintenance. This paper discusses the findings from the original survey and preliminary findings from the …
Display Requirements And Alerting Modalities Of A Flight Deck Based Runway Safety Alerting System,
2011
Wright State University
Display Requirements And Alerting Modalities Of A Flight Deck Based Runway Safety Alerting System, Peter M. Moertl Ph.D., Kathleen Mcgarry Ph.D.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
This paper presents the results of a human in the loop simulation that evaluated the display of runway safety relevant traffic and runway indications and alerts on a cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI). The simulation investigated differences between directive versus nondirective alert types and between an airport map with and without taxiway information. 24 pilots evaluated the CDTI in 18 airport surface scenarios that contained conflict opportunities. Findings indicate that with directive alerts, pilots avoided all conflict opportunities, while with nondirective alerts 90 % of conflicts were avoided. Response to directive alerts was generally faster than to non-directive alerts. …
Using Physiological Measures To Improve Training For Uav Operators,
2011
Wright State University
Using Physiological Measures To Improve Training For Uav Operators, Jane H. Barrow, Carryl L. Baldwin, Daniel M. Roberts, Brian A. Taylor, Ciara Sibley, Joseph T. Coyne, Anna Mandulak, George Buzzell, Nick Penaranda
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
The current research examined use of frontal asymmetry measures of electroencephalography (EEG) activity to assess operator motivational intensity during training of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operators. Participants performed a series of Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) missions of graduated difficulty. Results demonstrate that frontal asymmetry in conjunction with behavioral measures provides a valuable tool for determining learner workload and motivational intensity. Implications for the use of frontal asymmetry metrics to drive real-time adaptive training are discussed.
The Sart Task Does Not Promote Mindlessness In Vigilance Performance,
2011
Wright State University
The Sart Task Does Not Promote Mindlessness In Vigilance Performance, Michael Dillard, David B. Boles, Matthew Funke, Gregory Funke, Victor Finomore, Allen Dukes, Joel S. Warm, Benjamin A. Knott, Gerald Matthews, Raja Parasuraman
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Vigilance tasks typically require observers to respond to critical signals on their monitored displays and withhold responding to neutral events. The Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) features the opposite response requirements which supposedly lead it to promote a mindless, non-thoughtful approach to the vigilance task that lacks attentional focus. To test that possibility, this study compared the SART to the standard vigilance task in terms of perceived mental workload – indexed by the Multiple Resource Questionnaire (MRQ) – and eye tracking activity – reflected via the Nearest Neighbor Index (NNI) – in the performance of a simulated air-traffic control …
Delta Air Lines Pilot Selection: 10 Years Of Validation Results,
2011
Wright State University
Delta Air Lines Pilot Selection: 10 Years Of Validation Results, Carl C. Hoffmann, Sally H. Spetz, Arianna K. Hoffmann
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
In the early 1990s Delta Air Lines was faced with a changing pool from which to recruit its pilots, as well as a change in the technology and management of the cockpit. Delta committed to developing a new selection process. After analyzing the results from over a dozen potential tests, three were chosen: CogScreen, the NEO PR-I, and a custom developed Job Knowledge Test. Initial analysis indicated the measures were highly predictive of performance in the cockpit and in training. The cohort of 339 pilots used to validate the selection process has now been followed for 12 years to examine …
Assisting Pilots In The Transition From Self-Separated To Controlled Airspace,
2011
Wright State University
Assisting Pilots In The Transition From Self-Separated To Controlled Airspace, P. Panman, J. Ellerbroek, A. C. In ‘T Veld, M.M. Van Paassen, M. Mulder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
A concept for a four-dimensional planning interface is proposed, designed to assist pilots with the transition from unmanaged to managed airspace. The interface concept visualizes constraints on aircraft trajectory, that result from future separation and timing requirements, and facilitates direct manipulation of waypoints, speed profiles and altitude profiles. A preliminary evaluation of the concept showed that subjects were able to replan their 4D trajectory successfully in 71 out of 72 scenarios. Recommendations for future research are the addition of separation affordance overlays to the vertical and speed profiles, and adding timing affordance overlays in all profiles.
Air Traffic Control Interface For Creating 4d Inbound Trajectories,
2011
Wright State University
Air Traffic Control Interface For Creating 4d Inbound Trajectories, Rolf E. Klomp, M.M. (René) Van Paassen, Max Mulder, Mariska I. Roerdink
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
It is to be expected that the task of an air traffic controller will change with the introduction of 4D (space and time) trajectories for aircraft. To support this new work, an interface for the manipulation of 4D trajectories has been created. The interface uses a time-space diagram – which shows progress of the aircraft along its planned track, in which conflict zones for conflict with other aircraft are presented, and a vertical path display, which presents the altitude along the planned track. In combination with a traditional plan-view display, and additional elements and tools in the displays to create …
Evaluation Of A Separation Assistance Display In A Multi-Actor Experiment,
2011
Wright State University
Evaluation Of A Separation Assistance Display In A Multi-Actor Experiment, J. Ellerbroek, M. M. Van Paassen
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
In the past, several display concepts have been developed, as aids in the task of airborne self-separation. In several of these display concepts, the interface helps the pilot solve the conflict, as opposed to automation providing an explicit resolution. Especially in this case of manual problem solving, (implicit) interaction between the actors in a conflict becomes an important factor. An experiment was conducted to evaluate an EID-inspired, constraint-based separation assistance display, where all aircraft in each conflict were controlled by pilot subjects. In the experiment, several conflict scenario’s have been evaluated, where coordination between pilots could either follow implicitely from …
Selection Requirements To Work In Future Atm Systems,
2011
Wright State University
Selection Requirements To Work In Future Atm Systems, Hinnerk Eißfeldt, Alexander Heintz, Dirk Schulze Kissing
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Different findings concerning staff selection requirements for future Air Traffic Management (ATM) resulting from empirical studies and expert judgement are summarised. The biggest impacts are foreseen for ATCO’s, commercial pilots, ATM technical staff and a/c maintenance staff, mainly related to advanced ATM concept features. An empirical study involving ATCOs and pilots encompassing workshops and simulations studying elements of a free flight scenario revealed significant changes in ability requirements for ATCOs and pilots. They indicate higher ability requirements for pilots in future ATM systems and only small changes for air traffic controllers. Pilot and air traffic controller profiles are likely to …
Team Vigilance: The Effects Of Co-Action On Workload And Stress,
2011
Wright State University
Team Vigilance: The Effects Of Co-Action On Workload And Stress, Andre Garcia, Carryl Baldwin, Matthew Funke, Gregory Funke, Victor Finomore, Benjamin A. Knott, Joel S. Warm
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Operator vigilance is a vital concern to the Air Force in regard to cockpit monitoring, air-traffic control, and the supervisory control of unmanned aerial vehicles. A key interest is the performance of teams of observers because of the reliance of military operations on good teamwork. Previous literature has examined the efficacy of team vigilance performance by comparing the frequency of target detections by teams in comparison to those obtained by operators working alone. Team performance has consistently exceeded single-operator performance. The present study replicates this effect and provides the initial experimental investigation of the cost of being a team member. …
Student And Instructor Perceptions Of Training In A Technologically Advanced Aircraft,
2011
Wright State University
Student And Instructor Perceptions Of Training In A Technologically Advanced Aircraft, Scott R. Winter, Richard O. Fanjoy
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Technologically advanced aircraft (TAA) are defined as those with enhancements such as digital cockpit displays, GPS navigation, moving maps, and autopilots. Many flight-training programs are currently transitioning to such aircraft to more fully prepare their students for commercial flight operations. The technology of modern digitally instrumented training aircraft is similar to that found in advanced commercial aircraft. Students and instructors who operate TAA can provide valuable insight into the process of transitioning from analog to digitally equipped training aircraft. A sample of 216 students and instructors, from a collegiate flight-training program that recently converted from analog instrumented aircraft to the …
Altitude-Extended Solution Space Diagram For Air Traffic Controllers,
2011
Wright State University
Altitude-Extended Solution Space Diagram For Air Traffic Controllers, J. Lodder, J. Comans, M.M. Van Paassen, M. Mulder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
The solution space diagram was developed to assist air traff c controllers and pilots in dealing with traff c. Up until now, it has been used to solve conf icts in the horizontal plane. Especially in the context of Air Traff c Control, it is important to also include the vertical dimension. This paper describes an approach to incorporate this vertical dimension in a two dimensional display. The altitude extended solution space diagram will be calculated taking into account the Altitude Relevance Bands of all aircraft involved. In this way, the algorithm can discard conf ict zones that can never …
Human Perception Of Flashing Light Emitting Diodes For Aircraft Anticollision Lighting,
2011
Wright State University
Human Perception Of Flashing Light Emitting Diodes For Aircraft Anticollision Lighting, Chris Yakopcic, John Puttmann, Benjamin R. Kunz, Mark Holleran, Brandon Wingeier, Ali Hashemi, Kenneth Stapp
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) have the potential to replace incandescent bulbs currently used in aircraft anti-collision lighting. LEDs require less power to operate, and possess the ability to flash without the addition of moving parts. Compared to incandescent bulbs, however, LEDs yield a slightly different spectral output and a different intensity profile when flashing. The impact of these differences on the viewer’s ability to detect the light was examined to determine if LEDs can successfully replace incandescent bulbs on aircrafts and runways. Using an automated system to drive an LED with variable intensity and duration, the light source was displayed …
Preliminary Human Factors Findings From The Faa Capstone 3 Electronic Flight Bag – Airport Surface Moving Map Operational Evaluation,
2011
Wright State University
Preliminary Human Factors Findings From The Faa Capstone 3 Electronic Flight Bag – Airport Surface Moving Map Operational Evaluation, Michelle Yeh, Juliana Goh
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Office of Runway Safety is interested in understanding the impact of an airport moving map with ownship position on operational usability and safety. To gather data on the use of this technology, the FAA is sponsoring airlines to equip revenue aircraft with an airport moving map on an Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) and to provide evaluation data to the FAA to help understand the safety impact. Understanding the human factors implications of an airport moving map is a key component of this effort. The FAA, the US DOT Volpe Center, and MITRE CAASD developed a …
Portraying The Passage Of Time In A Timeline Interface For Supervisory Control,
2011
Wright State University
Portraying The Passage Of Time In A Timeline Interface For Supervisory Control, Terry Stanard, Patrick Dudenhofer, Sarah Spriggs, Gloria Calhoun, Lamar Warfield, Heath Ruff
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Timeline displays are a promising user interface concept for supervising multiple unmanned vehicles. The essentials of a timeline display include a timescale, current time indicator, and lines overlaid with symbology to represent the duration and timing of events such as refueling, transit to destinations, and mission durations. Little research has investigated alternatives to portraying time and events. The present study investigated two ways to portray the passage of time: a moving timeline with a stationary current-time indicator, and a stationary timeline with a moving currenttime indicator. Participants viewed videos of dynamic timelines portraying the passage of time these two ways, …
A Large Scale Validation Study On Air Traffic Controller Selection And Training – Design, Challenges And Results,
2011
Wright State University
A Large Scale Validation Study On Air Traffic Controller Selection And Training – Design, Challenges And Results, Kristin Conzelmann, Alexander Heintz, Hinnerk Eißfeldt
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
A validation study with 476 air traffic controller trainees of DFS German Air Navigation Services has been set up, encompassing the complete data from the selection of candidates to the completion of their training. The design includes a detailed coding of interview contents, questionnaire data, and results of the reference sample of 13,716 applicants. Data analysis involves the prediction of training success, training performance, and trainees’ personal evaluation of the selection and training process. The success rate of 81 % was satisfactory. Selection measures were adequate to predict pass-fail and performance criteria from institutional training (i.e., theoretical exams). Basic ability …
