Coordination In Distributed Unmanned Aircraft Systems,
2013
Wright State University
Coordination In Distributed Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Rosemarie Reynolds
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Our objectives in this paper are to: (1) explicate the link between UAS accidents and coordination, and (2) to provide prescriptive guidelines for improving coordination in distributed UAS. To accomplish these goals we will review the literature on team coordination, examine how distribution impacts that process, identify the areas in which coordination plays a critical role in UAS incidents and accidents, and conclude with some prescriptions for improving UAS team coordination.
The Integration Of New Technology Into A Complex System,
2013
Wright State University
The Integration Of New Technology Into A Complex System, Kelly Neville, Beth Blickensderfer, Katherine Kaste, Stephen L. Dorton, Stephen P. Luxion
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
This paper describes an evaluation of the impacts of introducing change into the established complex system of UAS operations. Two technologies not currently used in UAS operations, a backup communications system and a traffic display, were operated by Guardian UAS pilots as they shadowed live UAS flights in a back-up control station. The flights were demonstration rather than research flights; we nonetheless were able to make the most of the opportunity and collect observation, survey, and interview data to gain insight into effects of the technology insertions. Technology-insertion impacts and recommended technology adaptations were categorized into emergent themes. The identified …
Issues Relevant For Synthetic Teammate – Human Teammate Interactions In Operations Of A Synthetic Unmanned Aerial System,
2013
Wright State University
Issues Relevant For Synthetic Teammate – Human Teammate Interactions In Operations Of A Synthetic Unmanned Aerial System, Nancy J. Cooke, Christopher W. Myers
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Two experiments are reported that set the stage for a project in which an ACT-R based Air Vehicle Operator will interact with two human teammates in an Unmanned Aerial System synthetic environment. Of interest are the ways in which the synthetic teammate fails to coordinate in an effective manner with humans. In Experiment 1, the new communication mode of text chat is compared to voice communications used previously in this task environment with all human participants. Issues of team performance and coordination were examined and differences noted particularly due to lag in the asynchronous chat mode. In Experiment 2 a …
Examining Memory For Search Using A Simulated Aerial Search And Rescue Task,
2013
Wright State University
Examining Memory For Search Using A Simulated Aerial Search And Rescue Task, Brandon S. Perelman, Shane T. Mueller
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
In this paper, we report on the development of a synthetic task environment (STE) representing wilderness search and rescue using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for investigating human unmanned aerial search behavior. Participants navigated using a north up topographical map and detected targets using a more detailed track up satellite image representing the view through the UAV’s camera. Participants then completed (1) a path reconstruction task and (2) a memory test in which they indicated locations where they found targets. These tasks aim to address two information types that map onto distinct visual processing pathways afferent to the hippocampus. We discuss …
Risk Perception In Ecological Information Systems,
2013
Wright State University
Risk Perception In Ecological Information Systems, J. Comans, C. Borst, M.M. Van Paassen, M. Mulder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
One issue that regularly occurs in the context of ecological information systems is that these systems can invite operators to migrate to the limits of system performance. This could lead to the assumption that ecological systems are thus inherently unsafe. We argue, however, that the source of this issue is tied to a modeling problem of the work domain. That is, the majority of ecological systems predominantly model the physical or causal structure of the work domain, thereby neglecting the intentional structure. Many complex systems contain a mix of physical and intentional (i.e., rules, procedures, and regulations) that contribute to …
North-Up, Track-Up, And Camera-Up Navigation Of Unmanned Aircraft Systems,
2013
Wright State University
North-Up, Track-Up, And Camera-Up Navigation Of Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Sheryl L. Chappell, R. Brian Valimont
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
To optimize UAV reconnaissance operations, direction of viewing and direction of travel must be allowed to diverge. Our challenge was to design a control and display strategy to allow the operator to easily look where they’re going, go where they’re looking, and look and go in different directions. Two methods of control were devised to align traveling forward, viewing forward and commanding forward. The operator can command the UAS to turn to camera or command the camera to point in line with the direction of travel (eyes forward). We have also introduced a new camera-up map orientation. The operator can …
Able Flight: Increasing Aviation Opportunities For People With Disabilities,
2013
Wright State University
Able Flight: Increasing Aviation Opportunities For People With Disabilities, Jennifer Kirschner, Branden Avery, Wes Majors, Erin Bowen, Bernard Wulle
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Access to certain aviation careers has traditionally been limited for people with disabilities. Although the Americans with Disability (ADA) Act of 1990 mandated that disabled applicants be given equal consideration for jobs for which they can perform the essential job functions, stereotypes and lack of knowledge about career opportunities may prevent qualified disabled people from apply in the first place. In order to remove perceived barriers to participation and to increase the visibility of opportunities for both life success and employment within the aviation industry for people with disabilities, the Purdue University Aviation Technology department has begun to participate in …
Adaptive Automation For Multiple Aerial Vehicle Supervisory Control: Impact Of Changing Automation Levels,
2013
Wright State University
Adaptive Automation For Multiple Aerial Vehicle Supervisory Control: Impact Of Changing Automation Levels, Heath Ruff, Gloria Calhoun, Crystal Miller, Chad Breeden
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Adaptive automation may help balance system autonomy with human interaction in supervisory control environments. Recent results have demonstrated a benefit of performance-based adaptive automation in a multiple unmanned aerial vehicle simulation. However, these findings may instead reflect an attentional benefit from having the task autonomy level change. A betweensubjects experimental design was employed to test this possibility. In one group task autonomy level changed with task performance; in the other group levels changed as a function of time elapsed. The results indicated that performance did not significantly differ between the two groups. However, there were significantly more autonomy level changes …
The Impact Of Binaural Beat Technology On Vigilance Task Performance, Mental Workload, And Psychological Stress,
2013
Wright State University - Main Campus
The Impact Of Binaural Beat Technology On Vigilance Task Performance, Mental Workload, And Psychological Stress, Elizabeth A. Shoda, Gary N. Burns
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Vigilance research dates back to WWII when psychologists attempted to explain why sonar radar operators were missing signals allowing German U-boats to pass undetected. This error in vigilance was termed the vigilance decrement. Since WWII the vigilance decrement has been responsible for a number of military, commercial, and industrial accidents and deaths. One possible area of interest which may help to solve this problem is called binaural beat technology. Binaural beats operate by entraining the brain in a frequency following response. Depending on the frequency of the binaural beat, different psychological and physiological results can occur. The current study examined …
Experimental Effective Intensity Of Steady And Flashing Light Emitting Diodes For Aircraft Anti-Collision Lighting,
2013
Wright State University
Experimental Effective Intensity Of Steady And Flashing Light Emitting Diodes For Aircraft Anti-Collision Lighting, Chris Yakopcic, John Puttmann, Benjamin R. Kunz ., Clara Ang, Ashley Mcpherson, David Santez, Matt Donovan, John Skarzynski, Joshua Trick, Andrew Mead ., Nelda Milburn ., Nazih E. Khaouly
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Research was conducted to determine the effective intensity of flashing lights that incorporate light-emitting diodes (LEDs). LEDs require less power and have the ability to flash without the addition of moving parts. Compared with incandescent bulbs, however, LEDs yield a different spectral output and a different intensity profile when flashing. To determine the effect of these differences on a viewer’s ability to detect the light, we examined LEDs to determine if they can successfully replace legacy technologies/assemblies on aircraft. The LED was displayed to naïve subjects to establish visibility thresholds using an automated system to drive the LED with variable …
Evaluation Of A Peripherally-Located Instrument Landing Display Under Dual-Task Conditions,
2013
Wright State University
Evaluation Of A Peripherally-Located Instrument Landing Display Under Dual-Task Conditions, Zachary Spielman, Joseph Vargas, Taleri Hammack, Nathan Bulkey, Roger Lew, Brian P. Dyre
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Previous research found that a peripherally-located instrument landing system (ILS) embedded in a head-up display (HUD) supported equal or better control of glide-path during simulated approach and landing than the traditional centrally-located MIL-STD ILS. Here, we used a dualtask paradigm to examine whether gains in landing precision with the peripheral ILS are also accompanied by a reduction in mental workload. Participants controlled glide-path during simulated instrument landings while simultaneously performing a secondary task monitoring a head-down engine display for fault states. We varied the type of ILS (peripheral vs. MIL-STD) and assessed mental workload using the NASA-TLX and primary and …
Improving Student Retention With The Creation Of A Student Chapter Of A Professional Organization,
2013
Wright State University
Improving Student Retention With The Creation Of A Student Chapter Of A Professional Organization, John H. Mott, Hunter R. Musselman
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Significant research demonstrating the connection between student retention and student-peer interaction is extant. Such interaction is facilitated by the creation and growth of a student chapter of a professional organization that welcomes students who might not be otherwise engaged on campus and encourages their involvement in the organization. Benefits are multiplied when the organization is located at a joint facility which houses a lower two-year program feeding an upper two-year completion program, as it can be shown that the students groups who benefit the most from student-peer interaction are students indigenous to the institution and transfer students from two-year institutions. …
The National Aviation Operational Monitoring Service: Development Of A Survey Methodology,
2013
Wright State University
The National Aviation Operational Monitoring Service: Development Of A Survey Methodology, Mary M. Connors, Robert Mauro, Irving C. Statler
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
The National Aviation Operational Monitoring Service (NAOMS) was a research project designed to develop a methodology for acquiring information on changes over time in safety-related events occurring in the National Airspace System. A scientifically designed survey was used to measure the experiences of front-line operators and to evaluate trends that could compromise safety. Information from NAOMS could be the first indication of a developing situation, providing the basis for further investigation using other sources. This paper reports on a demonstration of the NAOMS concept through development and conduct of a survey of air carrier pilots. Data from over 18,000 randomly …
Synthetic Task Environments And The Three Body Problem,
2013
Wright State University - Main Campus
Synthetic Task Environments And The Three Body Problem, John M. Flach
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
The challenge for our panel was to address the opportunities and challenges of synthetic task environments for basic research on human performance in sociotechnical systems. In doing this, the classical three-body problem from physics is used as a metaphor to illustrate the contrast between dyadic and triadic semiotic models of cognitive systems. In the context of this metaphor, synthetic task environments offer a means to bring some of the additional complexities of triadic semiotic systems under experimental control where converging empirical methods can help to titrate through the additional complexity to distill basic theoretical insights that will potentially have practical …
Extending Mission Operations Safty Audits (Mosa) Research To An Indian Sub Continent Island Airline,
2013
Wright State University
Extending Mission Operations Safty Audits (Mosa) Research To An Indian Sub Continent Island Airline, Sue Burdekin
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
The aim of the Mission Operations Safety Audit (MOSA) research is to validate behavioural self-reported data from professional pilots, so that management can have confidence in this safety-critical debriefing information, and feed it back into the training continuum. In doing so, a safety loop can be established in a cost effective, operationally specific and timely program of data collection. The first study was conducted in a military F/A-18 Hornet simulator. Pilots were asked to self-report on their own operational performance across a predetermined selection of behavioural categories designed in conjunction with subject matter experts. To further test the MOSA methodology, …
An Investigation And Analysis Of The Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex In A Vibration Environment,
2013
Wright State University
An Investigation And Analysis Of The Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex In A Vibration Environment, Daniel Uribe, Michael E. Miller, Suzanne Smith
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Helmet Mounted Displays (HMDs) and their integration into military systems have greatly improved. However, previous research has demonstrated degraded visual performance when an HMD user is subject to whole-body, low-frequency vibration. This effect has been attributed to the effect of the Vesitbular-Ocular Reflex as it stabilizes the eye with respect to the external environment, causing eye movement with respect to the HMD. This research sought to understand the VOR as a function of whole-body, low-frequency, z-axis vibration. A human subject experiment was executed to measure the effect of whole-body, low-frequency vibration on eye movements recorded with Electro-oculagraphy (EOG) while performing …
Visual Perspective Illusions As Aviation Mishap Causal Factors,
2013
Wright State University
Visual Perspective Illusions As Aviation Mishap Causal Factors, Frederick R. Patterson, Richard D. Arnold ., Henry P. Williams .
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
In the past, aviation spatial disorientation (SD) has been considered predominantly an isolated vestibular problem, associated with lack of outside visual cues. Recent research has challenged the prevailing position by suggesting pilot SD is more commonly caused by problems with cognitive processing of visual spatial strategies. Among the confounding visual stimuli known to occur in-flight, several visual perspective illusions have been identified as reoccurring mishap causal factors. These illusions occur in part because humans exhibit a strong instinctive tendency toward considering themselves level with distant horizontal references, regardless of their true altitude. Also contributing to perspective illusion occurrence is the …
Mismatches Between Automation And Human Strategies: An Investigation Into Future Air Traffic Management Decision Aiding,
2013
Wright State University
Mismatches Between Automation And Human Strategies: An Investigation Into Future Air Traffic Management Decision Aiding, Carl A. Westin, Clark Borst, Brian Hilburn
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Future air traffic management will have to rely on more, and more sophisticated, automation to accommodate predicted air traffic. However, studies across various domains have shown that user acceptance of automation decreases when the authority of decision-making automation increases. As a result, low user acceptance could lead to disuse of an automated tool and threaten potential safety and performance benefits. Through a series of human-in-the-loop simulations, the work described in this paper examined the interacting effects of air traffic complexity and strategic conformance, i.e., the fit between human and machine strategies, on automation acceptance in a conflict detection and resolution …
Designing For Joint Human-Automation Cognition Through A Shared Representation Of 4d Trajectory Management,
2013
Wright State University
Designing For Joint Human-Automation Cognition Through A Shared Representation Of 4d Trajectory Management, Rolf Klomp, Clark Borst, M.M. (René) Van Paassen, Max Mulder, Dennis Nieuwenhuisen, Anneloes Maij, Martijn Mooij, Annemiek Van Drunen
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
The current evolution of the ATM system, led by the SESAR programme in Europe and the NextGen programme in the US, is foreseen to bring a paradigm shift to the work domain of the air traffic controller. A focal point is the introduction of the 4D (space and time) trajectory as a means for strategic management rather than the current –hands on– method of control. In both programmes a central role is foreseen for the human operator, aided by higher levels of automation and advanced decision support tools. However, many other complex socio-technical domains have shown that the transition to …
Pilot Decision Making: Modeling Choices In Go-Around Situations,
2013
Wright State University
Pilot Decision Making: Modeling Choices In Go-Around Situations, Andreas Haslbeck, Armin Eichinger, Klaus Bengler
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Pilot decision making is highly influenced by cockpit information displays. Decision quality could benefit from knowledge of temporal and individual influences on decision making under time pressure that suggests leverage points for cockpit or process design. In a recent flight simulator experiment, airline pilots were presented a realistic landing scenario. During the approach phase, instruments indicated weather conditions suggesting a go-around decision to be taken. The alternative decision consists of landing in spite of illegitimate strong tailwind. Gaze tracking analysis identified, whether relevant display information was picked up by the pilots. The time between checking the aircraft’s wind indicator and …
