Other Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Integrating Aircrew Resources Variability Into The Design Of Future Cockpit, Barbara Mawhin, Philippe Cabon, Florence Buratto

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Cockpit design may have major consequences on future pilot’s tasks. Functions needed to ensure flight safety are shared between pilots and aircraft systems. Today, cockpits are designed considering a theoretical minimum level of crew resources availability although it is widely acknowledged that availability of crew resources may vary from time to time because of aircrew internal state. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that future cockpits are designed while taking into consideration this variability. This work aims at developing a methodology enabling designer to systematically integrate crew resources availability in the design process. In order to assess the impact of …

A Large Scale Validation Study On Air Traffic Controller Selection And Training – Design, Challenges And Results, Kristin Conzelmann, Alexander Heintz, Hinnerk Eißfeldt

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

A validation study with 476 air traffic controller trainees of DFS German Air Navigation Services has been set up, encompassing the complete data from the selection of candidates to the completion of their training. The design includes a detailed coding of interview contents, questionnaire data, and results of the reference sample of 13,716 applicants. Data analysis involves the prediction of training success, training performance, and trainees’ personal evaluation of the selection and training process. The success rate of 81 % was satisfactory. Selection measures were adequate to predict pass-fail and performance criteria from institutional training (i.e., theoretical exams). Basic ability …

Delta Air Lines Pilot Selection: 10 Years Of Validation Results, Carl C. Hoffmann, Sally H. Spetz, Arianna K. Hoffmann

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

In the early 1990s Delta Air Lines was faced with a changing pool from which to recruit its pilots, as well as a change in the technology and management of the cockpit. Delta committed to developing a new selection process. After analyzing the results from over a dozen potential tests, three were chosen: CogScreen, the NEO PR-I, and a custom developed Job Knowledge Test. Initial analysis indicated the measures were highly predictive of performance in the cockpit and in training. The cohort of 339 pilots used to validate the selection process has now been followed for 12 years to examine …

Development Of An Advanced Net‐Centric Communication Management Suite: Multi‐Modal Communication, Victor Finomore, Kelly Satterfield, Courtney Castle, Dianne Popik, Ron Dallman, John Stewart

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Even with advanced collaborative technology, communication remains a critical component to the success of a mission. Command and Control (C2) operators rely heavily on radio and chat communication to efficiently plan, direct, coordinate, and control assets. With the shift towards network‐centric warfare, standard radio communication needs to meet the needs of today’s warfighter. A net‐centric communication management suite called Multi‐Modal Communication (MMC) has been developed to increase the performance and situational awareness of the operator while also alleviating the workload and errors associated with this communication intensive environment. This integrated system captures, displays, records, and archives radio and chat‐based communication …

Human-Centered Design To Support Flexibility And Adaptability In Airport Surface Management, Alicia Borgman Fernandes, Phillip J. Smith

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Airport surface delays can impact airport surface congestion, operational costs, environmental emissions, and passenger satisfaction. We report on structured interviews and observational studies at two US airports with different approaches to managing surface delays. Each approach requires human judgment to set and adapt control parameters to manage departure flows. We contrast these approaches in terms of: 1) distribution of roles and responsibilities; 2) human judgments required; 3) enforcement of flight operator compliance; and 4) tools for coordination and decision support. Guidance is provided for designing and implementing human-centered surface management programs based on an analysis of these approaches.

Subjective Evaluation Of Data Checking Techniques, Cyndy Anang

McNair Poster Presentations

The aim of this research was to analyze people's subjective opinions about the data checking techniques double entry, visual checking, and read aloud. Previous research has shown that entering data twice is more effective in reducing the data entry errors. Thus, the research aims to hypothesize that participants would perceive the double entry technique as most accurate and reliable. A total of forty-eight undergraduate students answered a set of sixteen items which were used to gather participants' opinions on the three techniques. The results showed that the double entry technique was perceived as significantly more accurate (F (2, 47): 5.734, …

Children's Emotional State And False Memory In The Drm Paradigm, Pamela Cornejo

McNair Poster Presentations

Children are called to give testimony for highly emotional during court cases. Research indicates that children in a negative emotional state recall with lesser vividness (Berliner et al. 2003) and are more likely to incorporate false information (Levine, Burgess & Laney, 2008). The present study will examine this further by examining the influence of negative and positive emotional states on recall and recognition in child-normed lists within the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. The DRM paradigm is a cognitive task that relies on gist memory for remembrance of the critical lure in semantically associated word lists. It is expected that the eight …

Scenario-Based Flight Simulation Training: A Human Factors Analysis Of Its Development And Suggestions For Better Design, Christopher M. Johnson, Douglas A. Wiegmann

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) funded a study aimed at ameliorating issues with visual flight rules (VFR) pilots flying into instrument weather conditions (IMC). Scenario-based simulation training (SBST) was developed to examine threat and error management (TEM) skills among private pilots. SBST was modeled after line-oriented flight training (LOFT), and new technologies were developed to improve weather simulation. This paper includes a Human Factors analysis of flight simulation development, and it details weather simulation improvements. Historical weather data was used for accurate recreation of pre-flight briefings, simulated weather parameters, and in-flight weather reports, and the technologies were tested among distinctly …

Factors Influencing Female Aviation Professionals’ Choice Of Career, Gail Zlotky, Wendy S. Beckman

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Despite much attention, there continues to be a low level of female participation in the aviation industry. In an earlier qualitative study of female aviation students, it was found that having parents who were supportive of their daughter’s career choice was the most influential factor in student career decision making. As a follow up to this earlier study, a Likert-scale type survey was distributed electronically to both active female aviation professionals and to current female aviation students. The survey allowed for participant identification of the factors that were most influential for them both choosing and remaining in an aviation career. …

Weather Information Priorities For Commercial Pilots And Dispatchers, Russell J. Branaghan, Roger W. Schvaneveldt

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

The Next Generation Air Traffic System’s (NextGen) goal is to increase capacity three-fold (JPDO, 2007). Given that approximately 70 percent of system delays can be attributed to weather, planning is focused on reducing weather-related delays by at least fifty percent (Leader, 2007). NextGen plans to integrate information from multiple sources, providing the same information to pilots, controllers, and dispatchers. However, different stakeholders may require different information at different times. This research identifies information needed by dispatchers and commercial pilots for pre-flight and in-flight planning and decision-making.

The Role Of Expertise In Vfr Flight Decisions With Inconsisent Weather Information, Jordan Petry, Landon Thomas, Heewoong Park, Wai-Tat Fu

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

To study the role of expertise in weather-related VFR flight decisions we conducted two experiments in which experts and novices were presented with inconsistent weather information. In the first experiment 51 pilots performed a series of pre-flight planning decision tasks. We found that experts were better at selecting reliable information than novices. In the second experiment, 24 pilots made a VFR flight using the XPlane flight simulator. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of four conditions with a different combination of good and bad flying (rendered in XPlane) and ATIS weather. We found that in poor weather conditions novices flew …

Can Video Games Be Valid Predictors Of Success For The Private Pilot Phase Check?, Laura E. Bourgiognon, Donald A. Petrin, Brian G. Dillman, John P. Young

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

A study was conducted at a Midwestern university to determine whether or not video game performance can be an accurate predictor of success on the private pilot phase check. In this study, there were thirty-three potential participants enrolled in AT 145, the private pilot flight training course. Twenty-three (70%) students agreed to participate. These volunteer participants were asked to complete a video game (Super Mario Galaxy). The final score and time to finish a pre-selected level were recorded. These scores were correlated with the aggregated scores that the participants earned during their private pilot phase checks. Although a survey of …

A Factor-Analytical Perspective Of Sopite Syndrome Assessment In Aerospace Systems, J. Christopher Brill, Brittany N. Neilson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Aerospace systems require pilots to perform complex tasks under demanding conditions. There is an unrecognized component, which has deleterious effects on human performance, called sopite syndrome. Sopite syndrome is characterized by intense drowsiness despite receiving an adequate night’s rest, difficulty concentrating, and lack of motivation. Currently, sopite syndrome is measured exclusively by a 39-item self-report questionnaire called the Mild Motion Questionnaire (MMQ). The purpose of the present research is to develop a shortform for the MMQ that can be used for quick assessments in applied settings, while maintaining internal consistency. Participants (N = 422) completed the MMQ by indicating how …

Evaluation Of A Separation Assistance Display In A Multi-Actor Experiment, J. Ellerbroek, M. M. Van Paassen

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

In the past, several display concepts have been developed, as aids in the task of airborne self-separation. In several of these display concepts, the interface helps the pilot solve the conflict, as opposed to automation providing an explicit resolution. Especially in this case of manual problem solving, (implicit) interaction between the actors in a conflict becomes an important factor. An experiment was conducted to evaluate an EID-inspired, constraint-based separation assistance display, where all aircraft in each conflict were controlled by pilot subjects. In the experiment, several conflict scenario’s have been evaluated, where coordination between pilots could either follow implicitely from …

The Sart Task Does Not Promote Mindlessness In Vigilance Performance, Michael Dillard, David B. Boles, Matthew Funke, Gregory Funke, Victor Finomore, Allen Dukes, Joel S. Warm, Benjamin A. Knott, Gerald Matthews, Raja Parasuraman

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Vigilance tasks typically require observers to respond to critical signals on their monitored displays and withhold responding to neutral events. The Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) features the opposite response requirements which supposedly lead it to promote a mindless, non-thoughtful approach to the vigilance task that lacks attentional focus. To test that possibility, this study compared the SART to the standard vigilance task in terms of perceived mental workload – indexed by the Multiple Resource Questionnaire (MRQ) – and eye tracking activity – reflected via the Nearest Neighbor Index (NNI) – in the performance of a simulated air-traffic control …

A Prospective Study Of Positive Psychological Well-Being And Coronary Heart Disease, Julia K. Boehm, Christopher Peterson, Mika Kivimaki, Laura D. Kubzansky

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Objective: Research suggests that positive psychological well-being is associated with cardiovascular health. However, much of this research uses elderly samples and has not determined the pathways by which psychological well-being influences cardiovascular disease or whether effects are similar for men and women. This study investigates the association between two aspects of well-being (emotional vitality and optimism) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in a sample of middle-aged men and women, and considers potential mediating factors.

Method: Between 1991 and 1994, well-being and coronary risk factors were assessed among 7,942 individuals without a prior cardiovascular event from the Whitehall II …

Development Of A Positive Psychology Intervention For Patients With Acute Cardiovascular Disease, Jeff C. Huffman, Carol A. Mastromauro, Julia K. Boehm, Rita Seabrook, Gregory L. Fricchione, John W. Denninger, Sonja Lyubomirsky

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

The management of depression and other negative psychological states in cardiac patients has been a focus of multiple treatment trials, though such trials have not led to substantial improvements in cardiac outcomes. In contrast, there has been minimal focus on interventions to increase positive psychological states in cardiac patients, despite the fact that optimism and other positive states have been associated with superior cardiovascular outcomes. Our objective was to develop an 8-week, phone-based positive psychology intervention for patients hospitalized with acute cardiac disease (acute coronary syndrome or decompensated heart failure). Such an intervention would consist of positive psychology exercises adapted …

David Grove's Metaphors For Healing, David Pincus, Anees A. Sheikh

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Within the ever-expanding list of approaches to psychotherapy, there is a tendency to overlook deep imagery approaches. The current article reports on one such metaphor-based therapy developed by David Grove (Grove & Panzer, 1989). The approach is analyzed within the context of mainstream contemporary psychotherapy in general, the state of empirical understanding of common processes to psychotherapy, and in relation to other deep imagery-based approaches to therapy. Next, a step-by-step description of the techniques used within metaphor therapy are presented, along with a case example demonstrating the use of these techniques on a case involving pain symptoms. Finally, it is …

18F-Fallypride Binding Potential In Patients With Schizophrenia Compared To Healthy Controls, Douglas S. Lehrer, Bradley T. Christian, Cemil Kirbas, Meicheng Chiang, Shawn Sidhu, Holly Short, Binquan Wang, Bingzhi Shi, King Wai Chu, Brian Merrill, Monte S. Buchsbaum

Psychiatry Faculty Publications

Background: Molecular imaging of dopaminergic parameters has contributed to the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia, expanding our understanding of pathophysiology, clinical phenomenology and treatment. Our aim in this study was to compare 18F-fallypride binding potential BPND in a group of patients with schizophrenia-spectrum illness vs. controls, with a particular focus on the cortex and thalamus. Methods: We acquired 18F-fallypride positron emission tomography images on 33 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (28 with schizophrenia; 5 with schizoaffective disorder) and 18 normal controls. Twenty-four patients were absolutely neuroleptic naïve and nine were previously medicated, although only four had a lifetime neuroleptic exposure of …

Examining The Interrater Reliability Of The Comprehensive Inventory Of Mental Health And Recovery And Rehabilitation Services (Cimhrrs), Robert W. Johnson

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This dissertation is one step in the continuing development, evaluation, and validation of the Comprehensive Inventory of Mental Health and Recovery and Rehabilitation Services (CIMHRRS). The CIMHRRS is an instrument to guide comprehensive assessment of programs that provide integrated services to people with serious mental illness (SMI).

The project described in this dissertation evaluated three key aspects of its performance in real world application: practical feasibility, internal consistency and reliability, and ability to distinguish between different programs. Investigators utilized a combination of principles and methods, associated with psychometric scale development, field methods, and program evaluation. Using a structured site review …