Single-Pilot Workload Management During Cruise In Entry Level Jets,
2013
Wright State University
Single-Pilot Workload Management During Cruise In Entry Level Jets, Barbara K. Burian, Shawn Pruchnicki, Bonny Christopher, Evan Silverman, Carla Hackworth, Jason Rogers, Kevin Williams, Gena Drechsler, Barry Runnels, Andy Mead
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Advanced technologies and automation are important facilitators of single pilot operations, but they also contribute to the workload management challenges faced by the pilot. We examined task completion, workload management, and automation use in an entry-level jet (ELJ) flown by single pilots. Thirteen certificated Cessna Citation Mustang (CE-510S) pilots flew an instrument flight rules (IFR) experimental flight in a Cessna Citation Mustang simulator. At one point, participants had to descend to meet a crossing restriction prior to a waypoint and prepare for an instrument approach into an un-towered field while facilitating communication from a lost pilot who was flying too …
Beyond Multitasking: Human Factors Implications For Single-Pilot Operations In The Nextgen Environment,
2013
Wright State University
Beyond Multitasking: Human Factors Implications For Single-Pilot Operations In The Nextgen Environment, Nestor Fenoy Bermudez, Donna F. Wilt, John E. Deaton .
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Operations within the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) will be a source of new complexities and unique challenges for the single pilot. Human factors research and development will be required to ensure safe single-pilot operations. New avionics, the increase in procedural complexity, and the elevated standards for required navigation performance are the source of many issues that need to be identified before they become a threat to safety. This paper presents a taxonomy developed to identify the potential human factors issues that could impact single pilots flying within NextGen. A series of NextGen capabilities, scenarios, and Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast …
Assessing The Changing Human Performance Risk Profile In The Nextgen Mid-Term,
2013
Wright State University
Assessing The Changing Human Performance Risk Profile In The Nextgen Mid-Term, Katherine A. Berry, Michael W. Sawyer
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Many Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) Operational Improvements (OIs) aim to provide controllers with decision support tools and other automation specifically designed to provide safety enhancements to National Airspace System (NAS) operations. While these changes may indeed produce positive safety improvements, the introduction of each new system and capability also offers the possibility of introducing new human performance hazards into the NAS. A thorough review of the proposed NextGen midterm OIs was completed to identify the potential for both the positive and negative impacts on the human contribution to risk in the NAS. A summary of these findings was …
Giving A Face To Airline Customer Satisfaction: A Graphic Approach,
2013
Wright State University
Giving A Face To Airline Customer Satisfaction: A Graphic Approach, Clay Wildt, Dr. Erin E. Bowen, Dr. Brent D. Bowen
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Historically, research ranking the major commercial air carriers in the U.S. has been based on subjective perceptions, satisfaction, and attitudes. Building upon 21 years of work with the Airline Quality Rating (AQR), the present study moves beyond basic descriptive information of air travelers to identify patterns and relationships in the way consumers view this technologically advanced environment. Development of such a model allows key players in the industry to improve their understanding of the prime drivers and perceptions of passenger behavior. Implementation of a subjective element, the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale, will allow frequent fliers the ability to codify their …
Clarifying Cognitive Complexity And Controller Strategies In Disturbed Inbound Peak Atc Operations,
2013
Wright State University
Clarifying Cognitive Complexity And Controller Strategies In Disturbed Inbound Peak Atc Operations, Marian J. Schuver-Van Blanken, Mariska I. Roerdink
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Air traffic controller (ATCo) expertise is crucial in safely and effectively managing operational disturbances and unpredictable events. The high level of ATCo expertise needed in these situations originates from the cognitive complexity in the ATC task. To cope with cognitive complexity in managing operational disturbances, controllers apply strategies to avoid task performance being compromised. Using the ATCo Cognitive Process and Operational Situation (ACoPOS) model, this paper clarifies the cognitive complexity involved in disturbed inbound peak operation within dense airspace for Schiphol airport at ATC the Netherlands (LVNL). Complexity issues in cognitive processes and operational factors involved are described. Strategies used …
Development And Validation Of Measures For Army Aviation Collective Training,
2013
Wright State University
Development And Validation Of Measures For Army Aviation Collective Training, Martin Bink, Melinda Seibert, Courtney Dean, John Stewart, Troy Zeidman
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Simulation-based Aviation Training Exercises (ATX) are critical for preparing U.S. Army Combat Aviation Brigades for deployment. However, while offering the opportunity to practice mission segments at the unit level, the effectiveness of this training remains unclear due to a need for objective assessments focused on observable team behavior. Unit Commanders and trainers need tools for measuring collective task performance in order to understand performance gains, facilitate feedback, and guide the learning of aviation tactical teams. To address this challenge, a set of aviation team performance measures were developed, data were collected to validate these measures, and strategies were created to …
Effects Of Motion Cueing On An Attitude Recovery Task,
2013
Wright State University
Effects Of Motion Cueing On An Attitude Recovery Task, Chris M. Nicholson, Ben Townsend, Andrew Staples, Murray Gamble, Dr. Chris M. Herdman
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
The present research investigated the impact of a motion cueing seat on a simple attitude recovery task. Participants (n=10) used a joystick to level an attitude indicator that was tilted at either a magnitude of 20 or 40 degrees from level (left or right). A dynamic motion seat was used to provide either congruent or incongruent motion cues. Relative to a no-motion baseline, incongruent motion caused performance decrements as indexed by an increase in the number of control reversals, a decrease in time level, and more over corrections. Congruent motion cueing did not affect performance on the attitude recovery task.
Human-Automation Performance Under Time Pressure Has Limited Benefits,
2013
Wright State University
Human-Automation Performance Under Time Pressure Has Limited Benefits, Casey Tunstall, Stephen Rice
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Previous research by Rice and Keller (2009) has supported that time pressure can positively affect operator compliance with an automated device if the automation is highly reliable despite the impact of speed-accuracy trade-off. When given sufficient time, operators aided by highly reliable automation tended to ignore the aid’s recommendation and produced human-automation performance levels less than that of the automation itself. When the operators were put under time pressure, they tended to comply with the automation with a performance that equaled or exceeded that of the automation itself. The current study suggests that the time pressure heuristic is only beneficial …
New Avionics Technologies Human Factors,
2013
Wright State University
New Avionics Technologies Human Factors, Michelle Yeh, Stephanie Chase, Juliana Goh, Bill Rogers, Nadine Sarter
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
The purpose of this symposium is to identify and address common human factors issues with new and emerging avionics technologies, share lessons learned, and to provide an understanding of how the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) applies human factors research to enhance aviation safety. Flight deck technologies have been changing at a rapid pace, requiring updates to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations, guidance, and policy. This symposium will focus on flight deck technologies that will assist in NextGen implementation by improving flight crew awareness through Cockpit Displays of Traffic Information (CDTI), Airport Moving Maps, Primary Flight Displays (PFDs), and portable technologies. …
Military Unmanned Aircraft System Operators: Training And Human Performance Issues,
2013
Wright State University
Military Unmanned Aircraft System Operators: Training And Human Performance Issues, Joseph V. Cohn, Brent A. Older ., Dr. Richard D. Arnold, Elizabeth B. O'Neill
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Unmanned Aviation System (UAS) have leveraged considerably from the manned aviation approach. This approach was useful to jumpstart this technology but it is now time to find a more efficient and up-to-date approach, keeping with the capabilities and limitation of the concurrent technology. Three technical areas to mature and address the current limitations are recommended: 1) Selection for UAS Personnel (SUPer), to accurately forecast candidate UAS operator performance across UAS platforms and missions; 2) Distributed, Adaptive & Modular entities for UAS (DyAdeM), to automatically generate realistic & adaptive synthetic environments for simulated UAS training; and, 3) UAS Control Station Human …
Exploring The Boundaries Of Command And Control Models Of Distributed Team Performance In Aviation And Aerospace Operations,
2013
Wright State University
Exploring The Boundaries Of Command And Control Models Of Distributed Team Performance In Aviation And Aerospace Operations, Haydee M. Cuevas, Barrett S. Caldwell
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Traditional command and control (C2) models focus on a centralized command managing and directing one or more subordinate elements to perform required functions. However, in distributed C2 environments, a human commander has less ability to fully understand and control the behavior of "agents" (either human domain experts or autonomous automated systems) in real-time operations. In this paper, we explore the situational, information, and human performance issues that constrain the appropriateness of classical C2 system design, and highlight the need for distributed C2 information flow capabilities, in contemporary humanhuman and human-automation teams. We discuss these issues in the context of modern …
Manned-Unmanned Teaming: Training Us Army Unmanned Aircraft System Operators In The Scout-Reconnaissance Role,
2013
Wright State University
Manned-Unmanned Teaming: Training Us Army Unmanned Aircraft System Operators In The Scout-Reconnaissance Role, John E. Stewart
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Until recently, U.S. Army unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) were intelligence-gathering platforms. The UAS mission has recently changed from strategic intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) to scout-reconnaissance (SR) operations. This shift has produced an increased requirement for coordination between manned and unmanned aircraft. Mannedunmanned teaming (MUM-T) requires that UAS operators become knowledgeable and proficient in the same scout-reconnaissance (SR) skills as pilots of armed helicopters. This paper summarizes the many training challenges consequent to the move from ISR to SR roles. It will review completed and ongoing research efforts by the Army Research Institute (ARI) Fort Rucker element, which investigated (a) …
Structuring, Analyzing And Monitoring Problems And Decision Making Processes At Civil Air Navigation Sets Of A Public Organization,
2013
Wright State University
Structuring, Analyzing And Monitoring Problems And Decision Making Processes At Civil Air Navigation Sets Of A Public Organization, Lisia Maria Espinola Da Silva Pacheco Cabral, Marcos Pereira Estellita Lins
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
This article presents the partial application of a post-graduation doctoral study developed at civil Air Navigation sets of a public organization, on operational work stations: Tower; APP – Approach; and AIS - Aeronautical Information System Room. Its main goal is to demonstrate how Concept Map was used as a Multi-methodology and an instrument of SODA - Strategic Options and Development Analysis, in SOR - Soft-Operational Research, for PSM - Problem Structuring Methods, to contribute for structuring, analyzing and monitoring problems and decision making processes, by optimizing interdisciplinary “iteractions” and interactions to: promote System and Rational Thinking; reduce self-deception and increase …
Using Animated Graphics On Aircraft Navigation Displays; Pros And Cons,
2013
Wright State University - Main Campus
Using Animated Graphics On Aircraft Navigation Displays; Pros And Cons, Chang-Geun Ph
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
An advantage of animations is improving an operator' ability to reconstruct information space. However, research also shows there can be disadvantages to the use of animation including the mismatch of the operations concepts of speed or motion of the task and the perceptions of the animation. An exploratory study was conducted to determine pilot opinions of whether animation would help them to respond to a route change instructions from Air Traffic Control rapidly and with high levels of interpretation accuracy. Many pilots indicated that animation would support their performance, but that animation should be optional and pilots should be able …
Outcome-Based Risk Pathways: Utilizing Safety Reports To Understand Risks In Air Traffic Control,
2013
Wright State University
Outcome-Based Risk Pathways: Utilizing Safety Reports To Understand Risks In Air Traffic Control, Katherine A. Berry, Michael W. Sawyer, Edward M. Austrian
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Many accident investigation taxonomies have been developed over the years to assist in identifying and classifying causal factors and errors involved in near misses events and accidents. While these taxonomies are often used to better understand individual events, they also offer the potential for quantifying the relationships between causal factors and errors to better understand emerging systemic issues. In an effort to extend beyond traditional frequency-based accident analysis, this work details the relationships among causal factors by examining any differences among outcome types. An analysis of 417 Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) reports yielded five key risk pathways present in …
Design And Evaluation Of A Co-Planar Separation Display,
2013
Wright State University
Design And Evaluation Of A Co-Planar Separation Display, J. Ellerbroek, K.C.R. Brantegem, M.M. Van Paassen, M. Mulder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
This paper describes the design and evaluation of a co-planar constraint-based airborne separation assistance display. The display is a combination of previous single-plane presentations, with additional visualization of the interactions that exist between these planes. Each of these displays combines a spatial representation of the airspace with a velocity maneuver space, that relates own aircraft maneuver variables to the shape and affordances of the airspace. The evaluation presented in this paper consisted of two experiments: an active conflict resolution task, and a passive SA assessment. Both experiments compare the co-planar concept with a baseline display that is very similar, but …
Evaluating Asap (Anticipation Support For Aeronautical Planning): A User-Centered Case Study,
2013
Wright State University
Evaluating Asap (Anticipation Support For Aeronautical Planning): A User-Centered Case Study, Sami Lini, Christophe Bey, Sylvain Hourlier, Bruno Vallespir, Axel Johnston, Pierre-Alexandre Favier
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
During ISAP 2011, we presented an early work about the theoretical background for the design of an anticipation support for civilian pilots. Two years later, the ASAP (Anticipation Support for Aeronautical Planning) project has grown and a preliminary version of our anticipation support has been implemented. Following a cognitive engineering approach, users were involved at each step of the design. An intermediate study allowed refining the information processing in order to better fit the actual need. On the basis of interviews and activity analysis, functionalities were implemented aiming at improving anticipation skills. In the context of a flight simulator and …
Visualization Of Pairwise Conflict Resolution For Air Traffic Control,
2013
Wright State University
Visualization Of Pairwise Conflict Resolution For Air Traffic Control, M.M. (Rene) Van Paassen
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Air traffic capacity is mainly bound by Air Traffic Controller (ATCo) workload, which leads to problems in the view of the steadily increasing demand for air transport. Additional automation tools to support the ATCo in his current working practices are necessary. Visualization of control possibilities for aircraft by means of the “Solution Space” approach provides a first step in this direction. However, these visualizations focus on the control possibilities for a single aircraft, and a known problem is relating the indicated conflict back to the involved aircraft. This paper discusses the design of a visualization that shows the maneuvering options …
Uas In The Nas: Survey Responses By Atc, Manned Aircraft Pilots, And Uas Pilots,
2013
Wright State University
Uas In The Nas: Survey Responses By Atc, Manned Aircraft Pilots, And Uas Pilots, James R. Comstock Jr., Raymon Mcadaragh, Rania W. Ghatas, Daniel W. Burdette, Anna C. Trujillo
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
NASA currently is working with industry and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to establish future requirements for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) flying in the National Airspace System (NAS). To work these issues NASA has established a multi-center “UAS Integration in the NAS” project. In order to establish Ground Control Station requirements for UAS, the perspective of each of the major players in NAS operations was desired. Three on-line surveys were administered that focused on Air Traffic Controllers (ATC), pilots of manned aircraft, and pilots of UAS. Follow-up telephone interviews were conducted with some survey respondents. The survey questions addressed UAS …
Control Of Multiple Unmanned Vehicles: A Capacity Model From A Meta-Analysis,
2013
Wright State University
Control Of Multiple Unmanned Vehicles: A Capacity Model From A Meta-Analysis, Christopher D. Wickens, Mala Gosakan, Marc Gacy, Lila Laux
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
How many unmanned systems can the operator effectively control and/or supervise before the operator begins to experience higher mental workload, thus losing SA and degrading overall mission performance? In this paper we describe the results of a literature search that was undertaken to identify factors of particular importance to the control of unmanned systems. We present the architecture for a computational model of the controller of multiple UVs that accounts for the diminishing gains in overall mission productivity and eventual loss in productivity that appears to occur as the number of vehicles under supervision, N, increases.
