Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

The Effect Of Size On Ag Nanosphere Toxicity In Macrophage Cell Models And Lung Epithelial Cell Lines Is Dependent On Particle Dissolution, Raymond F. Hamilton, Sarah Buckingham, Andrij Holian

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Silver (Ag) nanomaterials are increasingly used in a variety of commercial applications. This study examined the effect of size (20 and 110 nm) and surface stabilization (citrate and PVP coatings) on toxicity, particle uptake and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a variety of macrophage and epithelial cell lines. The results indicated that smaller Ag (20 nm), regardless of coating, were more toxic in both cell types and most active in the THP-1 macrophages. TEM imaging demonstrated that 20 nm Ag nanospheres dissolved more rapidly than 110 nm Ag nanospheres in acidic phagolysosomes consistent with Ag ion mediated toxicity. In addition, there …

Childhood Obesity And Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Genetic Diseases That Contribute To Cardiovascular Disease, Alyssa Caudle

Senior Honors Theses

Childhood obesity occurs as the result of an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure. Genetic risk factors for obesity have become an area of research due to its permanency. Mutated genes such as Fat Mass and Obesity Associated (FTO), Leptin (LEP), Leptin Receptor (LEPR), Melanocortin 4 Receptor (MC4R), Adiponectin C1Q and Collagen Domain Containing (ADIPOQ), Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 1 (PCSK1), and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG) all contribute to the development of childhood obesity. In the presence of high cholesterol caused by obesity, the genetic condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia is exacerbated. Familial hypercholesterolemia is caused by a …

Pharmacy Elder Abuse Assessment Project, Alexandrea Ham

College of Health Sciences Presentations

Purpose: The purpose of this project is to evaluate the perceptions of students at the College of Pharmacy at Idaho State University on the topic of elder abuse. Methods: The study will be conducted by using a web-based survey developed by the researchers. A thirteen question survey will be administered to a convenience sample of students at the College of Pharmacy to assess their current understandings and perceptions on the topic of elder abuse. The survey is also intended to help as an educational component by helping students identify red flags of abuse and neglect and gives direction on how …

Analysis Of Compounded Pharmaceutical Products To Teach The Importance Of Quality In An Applied Pharmaceutics Laboratory Course, Alyssa M. Pignato, Christine R. Birnie

Doctoral External Publications

Objective. To assess the effectiveness of a product-analysis laboratory exercise in teaching students the importance of quality in pharmaceutical compounding.

Design. Second-year pharmacy students (N=77) participated in a pharmaceutical compounding laboratory exercise and subsequently analyzed their final product using ultraviolet (UV) spectrometry.

Assessment. Reflection, survey instruments, and quiz questions were used to measure how well students understood the importance of quality in their compounded products. Product analysis showed that preparations compounded by students had an error range of 0.6% to 140%, with an average error of 23.7%. Students’ reflections cited common sources of error, including inaccurate weighing, contamination, and product …

Education In Pediatrics In Us Colleges And Schools Of Pharmacy, William Allan Prescott, Elizabeth M. Dahl, David Hutchinson

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Objective. To determine the extent to which pediatrics is taught at US doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) programs and to characterize what is being taught and how.

Methods. A 40-question online survey instrument was sent to accredited and candidate-status US PharmD programs.

Results. Of 86 participating programs (67.2% response rate), 81 (94.2%) indicated that pediatric topics were included in their required classroom curricula (mean, 21.9 contact hours). A pediatric elective course was offered by 61.0% of programs (mean, 25.9 contact hours). Advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) in pediatrics were offered by 97.4% of programs, with an average of 27 students per …

Selective Inhibition Of Angiotensin Receptor Signaling Through Erk1/2 Pathway By A Novel Peptide, Jun Liu, Gina L. Yosten, Hong Ji, Dan Zhang, Wei Zheng, Robert C. Speth, Willis K. Samson, Kathryn Sandberg

HPD Articles

A seven-amino acid peptide (PEP7) is encoded within a short open reading frame within exon 2 (E2) in the 5'-leader sequence (5'LS) upstream of the rat ANG 1a-receptor (rAT1aR) mRNA. A chemically synthesized PEP7 markedly inhibited ANG II-induced Erk1/2 activation in cell culture by 62% compared with a scrambled PEP7 (sPEP7) [pErk1/2/Erk1/2 (AU): ANG II, 1.000 ± 0.0, ANG II+PEP7, 0.3812 ± 0.086, ANG II+sPEP7, 1.069 ± 0.18; n = 3]. Under these same conditions, PEP7 had no effect on ANG II-stimulated inositol-trisphosphate production. PEP7 also had no effect on epidermal growth factor- and phorbol methyl ester-induced Erk1/2 activation, suggesting …

Advanced Screencasting With Embedded Assessments In Pathophysiology And Therapeutics Course Modules, Ashley Woodruff, Megan Jensen, William Loeffler, Lisa M. Avery

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Objective. To implement and assess the effectiveness of a hybrid learning model using advanced screencasting with embedded assessments in pathophysiology and therapeutics modules.

Design. Two pathophysiology and therapeutics course modules on viral hepatitis and the clinical pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides were chosen for study. The preclass portion of the hybrid model involved student completion of interactive e-lectures that were created with the use of advanced screencasting and included embedded assessments. Students viewed the e-lectures and completed the assessment questions prior to in-class lecture.

Assessment. Preimplementation and postimplementation test scores were compared and student survey data were analyzed. Test scores improved significantly …

The Effect Of Transdermal Scopolamine For The Prevention Of Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting., María A Antor, Alberto A Uribe, Natali Erminy-Falcon, Joseph G Werner, Keith A Candiotti, Joseph V Pergolizzi, Sergio D Bergese

Pharmacy Articles

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most common and undesirable complaints recorded in as many as 70-80% of high-risk surgical patients. The current prophylactic therapy recommendations for PONV management stated in the Society of Ambulatory Anesthesia (SAMBA) guidelines should start with monotherapy and patients at moderate to high risk, a combination of antiemetic medication should be considered. Consequently, if rescue medication is required, the antiemetic drug chosen should be from a different therapeutic class and administration mode than the drug used for prophylaxis. The guidelines restrict the use of dexamethasone, transdermal scopolamine, aprepitant, and palonosetron as rescue …

A Random Sequential Mechanism Of Aminoglycoside Acetylation By Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Eis Protein, Oleg V. Tsodikov, Keith D. Green, Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

An important cause of bacterial resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics is the enzymatic acetylation of their amino groups by acetyltransferases, which abolishes their binding to and inhibition of the bacterial ribosome. Enhanced intracellular survival (Eis) protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) is one of such acetyltransferases, whose upregulation was recently established as a cause of resistance to aminoglycosides in clinical cases of drug-resistant tuberculosis. The mechanism of aminoglycoside acetylation by MtEis is not completely understood. A systematic analysis of steady-state kinetics of acetylation of kanamycin A and neomycin B by Eis as a function of concentrations of these aminoglycosides …

The Association Between Influenza Treatment And Hospitalization-Associated Outcomes Among Korean Children With Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza, Jacqueline K. Lim, Tae Hee Kim, Paul E. Kilgore, Allison E. Aiello, Byung Min Choi, Kwang Chul Lee, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young-Hwan Song, Yun-Kyung Kim

Department of Pharmacy Practice

There are limited data evaluating the relationship between influenza treatment and hospitalization duration. Our purpose assessed the association between different treatments and hospital stay among Korean pediatric influenza patients. Total 770 children ≤ 15 yr-of-age hospitalized with community-acquired laboratory-confirmed influenza at three large urban tertiary care hospitals were identified through a retrospective medical chart review. Demographic, clinical, and cost data were extracted and a multivariable linear regression model was used to assess the associations between influenza treatment types and hospital stay. Overall, there were 81% of the patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza who received antibiotic monotherapy whereas only 4% of …

Glutamate Transporter Control Of Ambient Glutamate Levels, Weinan Sun, Denis M. Shchepakin, Leonid Kalachev, Michael P. Kavanaugh

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Accurate knowledge of the ambient extracellular glutamate concentration in brain is required for understanding its potential impacts on tonic and phasic receptor signaling. Estimates of ambient glutamate based on microdialysis measurements are generally in the range of ∼2–10 μM, approximately 100-fold higher than estimates based on electrophysiological measurements of tonic NMDA receptor activity (∼25–90 nM). The latter estimates are closer to the low nanomolar estimated thermodynamic limit of glutamate transporters. The reasons for this discrepancy are not known, but it has been suggested that microdialysis measurements could overestimate ambient extracellular glutamate because of reduced glutamate transporter activity in a …

The Fda Funding Crisis, Judith Alphonse, Sireesha Bellam, Marlene Fernandez, Anishka Gilbert, Lauren Roper, Antonia Zapantis, Robert C. Speth

HPD Articles

The role of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is to ensure the safety of prescription and nonprescription drugs, dietary supplements, and the food supply, representing more than 20% of US consumer spending. The increased need to monitor imported drugs, drug products and foods, drug shortages, and compounding pharmacies bring the adequacy of FDA funding into question. Performing even at status quo cannot be accomplished if responsibilities increase without equitable funding increases: both from the federal government and fees imposed on FDA-regulated industries. Additionally, scientific advancement, new legislation, and new industries are continually increasing the FDA workload, necessitating commensurate budget …

Mechanism Underlying Ikk Activation Mediated By The Linear Ubiquitin Chain Assembly Complex (Lubac), Hiroaki Fujita, Simin Rahighi, Mariko Akita, Ryuichi Kato, Yoshiteru Sasaki, Soichi Wakatsuki, Kazuhiro Iwai

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) ligase, consisting of HOIL-1L, HOIP, and SHARPIN, specifically generates linear polyubiquitin chains. LUBAC-mediated linear polyubiquitination has been implicated in NF-κB activation. NEMO, a component of the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, is a substrate of LUBAC, but the precise molecular mechanism underlying linear chain-mediated NF-κB activation has not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that linearly polyubiquitinated NEMO activates IKK more potently than unanchored linear chains. In mutational analyses based on the crystal structure of the complex between the HOIP NZF1 and NEMO CC2-LZ domains, which are involved in the HOIP-NEMO interaction, NEMO mutations …

Tumor Radiation Therapy Creates Therapeutic Vaccine Responses To The Colorectal Cancer Antigen Gucy2c., Matthew Witek, Erik S Blomain, Michael Sullivan Magee, Bo Xiang, Scott A Waldman, Adam E. Snook

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: Radiation therapy (RT) is thought to produce clinical responses in cancer patients, not only through direct toxicity to cancer cells and supporting tumor stroma cells, but also through activation of immunologic effectors. More recently, RT has potentiated the local and systemic effects of cancer immunotherapy (IT). However, combination regimens that maximize immunologic and clinical efficacy remain undefined.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: We evaluated the impact of local RT on adenoviral-mediated vaccination against the colorectal cancer antigen GUCY2C (Ad5-GUCY2C) in a murine subcutaneous tumor model using mouse CT26 colon cancer cells (CT26-GUCY2C). Immune responses were assessed by ELISpot, and clinical responses …

Development Of An Evidence‐Based Implementation Plan For A System‐Wide Anticoagulation Management Service, Sarah Varney

Muskie School Capstones and Dissertations

The Mercy Health System of Maine (MHSM) is a large healthcare system located in Southern Maine. It consists of three inpatient campuses, one level II Emergency Department, four Express Care centers, seven Primary Care locations and an array of specialist practices. The organization has identified a need for improved management of anticoagulation therapy within the system as a large number of patients are receiving anticoagulation therapy throughout all of the various healthcare access sites. In order to address this need, MHSM seeks to implement a system‐wide, standardized approach for managing patients receiving anticoagulation therapy.

Controlling Protein Release Using Biodegradable Microparticles, Benjamin Patrick Kline

Open Access Theses

Research in the field of protein therapeutics has exploded over the past decade and continues to grow in both academia and in industry. Protein drugs have advantages of being highly specific and highly active making them coveted targets for high profile disease states like cancer and multiple sclerosis. Unfortunately, their many advantages are complemented by their obstacles. Because proteins are highly active and highly specific, the window between efficacy and toxicity is very narrow and drug development can be long and arduous. In addition, protein activity is dependent on its specific folding conformation that is easily disrupted by a variety …

Pharmacy Newsletter : April 2014, Pharmacy Department

Department of Pharmacy Archives

Content:

• Investiture of Clean Room Pharmacy, Epitomize USP Chapter
• 2014 Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults
• Anticoagulation Clinic - Enhancing Patient Care
• Clinical Quality and Patient Safety Indicators

Pharmacy Student Self-Testing As A Predictor Of Examination Performance, David Stewart, Peter Panus, Nicholas E. Hagemeier, Jim Thigpen, Lauren Brooks

ETSU Faculty Works

Objectives. To determine if student self-testing improves performance during a doctor of pharmacy course.

Methods. Students were given access to online quizzes with a large pool of randomly selected questions specific to upcoming examination content. Quizzes were electronically scored immediately upon completion and students were provided corrective feedback.

Results. Examination scores following implementation of the practice quizzes were significantly higher in all but the last testing period. The upper fiftieth percentile of students scored higher on both the practice quizzes and subsequent examinations in all but the fourth testing period.

Conclusions. Providing pharmacy students with self-testing opportunities could increase their …

Compositions And Methods For Selectively Targeting Cancer Cells Using A Thiaminase Compound, Jeffrey A. Moscow, Shuqian Liu, Younsoo Bae

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Patents

Compositions and methods of treating cancer using a thiaminase compound are described. The presently-disclosed subject matter includes a method of treating cancer by administering a thiaminase compound and a thiamine-dependent enzyme inhibitor.

A.S.P.E.N. Parenteral Nutrition Safety Consensus Recommendations, Phil Ayers, Stephen Adams, Joseph Boullata, Jane M. Gervasio, Beverly Holcombe, Michael D. Kraft, Neil Marshall, Antoinette Neal, Gordon Sacks, David S. Seres, Patricia Worthington, American Society For Parenteral And Enteral Nutrition

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

Parenteral nutrition (PN) serves as an important therapeutic modality that is used in adults, children, and infants for a variety of indications. The appropriate use of this complex therapy aims to maximize clinical benefit while minimizing the potential risks for adverse events. Complications can occur as a result of the therapy and as the result of the PN process. These consensus recommendations are based on practices that are generally accepted to minimize errors with PN therapy, categorized in the areas of PN prescribing, order review and verification, compounding, and administration. These recommendations should be used in conjunction with other A.S.P.E.N. …