Other Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Identification And Evaluation Of Antibacterial Compounds From The Vibrio Sp. Associated With The Ascidian Pycnoclavella Diminuta, Abdurraafi’ Maududi Dermawan, Elin Julianti, Masteria Yunovilsa Putra

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

This study aims to obtain secondary metabolites that have antibacterial activity from bacteria endophytic of ascidian Pycnoclavella diminuta collected from the coast of Bitung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research was started with screening antibacterial activity of six bacteria isolated from P. diminuta. The active bacteria were selected for identification using standard biological molecular method and further fermentation to produce secondary metabolites. The isolation of secondary metabolites was conducted by various chromatography method and then selected fraction was based on the antibacterial activity from bioautography results. The result showed that the active isolate by coding M2.Tnk.Bt 5.10-3.2 was identified as Vibrio …

Cytotoxic Activity Of Stem Of Pycnarrhena Cauliflora Through Apoptosis Induction On Human Breast Cancer Cell Line T47d, Masriani, Rudiyansyah, Rini Muharini, Eny Enawaty

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Cytotoxic activities of extracts of Pycnarrhena cauliflora leaves, stems and roots on some human cancer cells have been known. However, the cytotoxicity of stem of Pycnarrhena cauliflora on human breast cancer cell line T47D through an apoptosis induction has not been proven yet. This study was an effort in understanding the cytotoxic activity of stem of Pycnarrhena cauliflora through apoptosis induction. The crude ethanol extract was partitioned between n-hexane and dichloromethane at pH 3, 7 and 9, which was subsequently tested for their cytotoxic activity against human breast cancer cell line T47D by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Flow cytometric …

Glucocorticoids Rapidly Activate Camp Production Via GΑs To Initiate Non-Genomic Signaling That Contributes To One-Third Of Their Canonical Genomic Effects, Francisco J. Nuñez, Timothy B. Johnstone, Maia L. Corpuz, Austin G. Kazarian, Nicole N. Mohajer, Omar Tliba, Reynold A. Pannettieri Jr., Cynthia J. Koziol-White, Moom Roosan, Rennolds S. Ostrom

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Glucocorticoids are widely used for the suppression of inflammation, but evidence is growing that they can have rapid, non-genomic actions that have been unappreciated. Diverse cell signaling effects have been reported for glucocorticoids, leading us to hypothesize that glucocorticoids alone can swiftly increase the 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production. We found that prednisone, fluticasone, budesonide, and progesterone each increased cAMP levels within 3 minutes without phosphodiesterase inhibitors by measuring real-time cAMP dynamics using the cAMP difference detector in situ assay in a variety of immortalized cell lines and primary human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells. A membrane- impermeable glucocorticoid showed …

Design And Biological Evaluation Of Colchicine-Cd44-Targeted Peptide Conjugate In An In Vitro Model Of Crystal Induced Inflammation, Khalid A. Zoghebi, Emira Bousoik, Keykavous Parang, Khaled A. Elsaid

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Gout is an inflammatory arthritis due to the joint deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Phagocytosis of MSU crystals by tissue macrophages results in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Colchicine use in gout is limited by severe toxicity. CD44 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed in tissue macrophages and may be involved in gout pathogenesis. The P6 peptide is a 20-amino acid residue peptide that binds to CD44. We hypothesized that the conjugation of colchicine to the P6 peptide would reduce its off-target cytotoxicity while preserving its anti-inflammatory effect. …

Charge-Based Optimization Of Neurotensin For Neurotensin-Receptor-1 Targeting Utilizing A One-Bead One-Compound Peptide Library Approach, Trey Neeley

Theses & Dissertations

Neurotensin-receptor-1 (NTSR1) is regularly overexpressed in various cancers and contributes to the proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of tumors. NTSR1-targeting vectors have demonstrated promise in both diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Unfortunately, the relatively poor in vivo metabolic stability and high renal uptake and retention of NTSR1-targeted compounds have hampered the translation to the clinic. In this research, we utilized a one-bead one-compound (OBOC) peptide library approach to make targeted modifications at the naturally charged residues of an NTS (4-13) sequence to discover an NTS derivative with comparable affinity to NTSR1, acceptable in vivo stability, and tolerable renal retention. Subsequent …

Delivery Of Small Molecule And Rna Using Synthetic Polymeric Micelles And Multifunctional Exosomes For The Treatment Of Type 1 Diabetes, Yang Peng

Theses & Dissertations

Type 1 diabetes is one of the most challenging chronic autoimmune diseases. The destruction and dysfunction of insulin-secreting β cells are the results of inflammatory infiltration and the synergistic effect of multiple immune cells. The aim of this dissertation is to develop novel and reliable therapeutic approaches to advance the treatment of T1D: including chemical modification of a broad-spectrum immunosuppressant, co-application of small molecule based immune intervention and siRNA based β cell preservative therapy, and administration of a PI3K-δ/γ dual inhibitor to specifically target immune cells, utilizing synthetic polymeric micelles or natural produced multi-functional exosomes derived from human bone marrow …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Long Acting Darunavir Prodrugs, Mary Banoub

Theses & Dissertations

Patient adherence is critical for ART success to ensure adequate viral suppression, therefore, long-acting antiretrovirals are soon replacing current daily regimens. In recent years, two drugs were successfully transformed into long-acting injectables; CAB LA and RPV LA. These long-acting nanoformulations made it possible to abandon the daily pill burden, instead approximately a bimonthly injection of both drugs is enough to suppress and maintain viral load suppression. Our laboratory has been instrumental in transforming FDA-approved and experimental-HIV medications into long-acting slow effective release drugs, also known as LASER ART. LASER ART consists of slow drug metabolism and high permeability and retention …

The Development Of Novel Apurinic/Aprymidinic Endonuclease/Redox-Factor 1 Inhibitors For The Treatment Of Human Melanoma, Bella Sharifi

Pharmaceutical Sciences (MS) Theses

Apurinic/apyrimidinic DNA repair endonuclease-1 (APE1), first recognized as an important DNA excision repair enzyme, is also known as Redox Factor-1 (Ref-1) involved in the activation of many nuclear transcription factors in both redox-dependent and independent manner. It has been well-documented that the overexpression of APE/Ref-1 contributes to the development of chemo-resistance and is associated with tumor progression in many human malignancies [1].

Our previous study in melanoma demonstrated that the development of novel inhibitors targeting the redox regulation domain of APE/Ref-1 is a promising strategy for melanoma treatment. To date, limited successes have been reported in developing novel …

Gender Differences In Opioid Prescribing Patterns Among Adults In The Us, Salena Marie Preciado

Pharmaceutical Sciences (MS) Theses

This project aims to evaluate gender differences in opioid prescribing in ambulatory care and emergency department settings. The retrospective analysis of opioid prescribing rates in the US included all adult medical visits from 2006-2016. Data was collected from two nationally representative surveys, The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) and the National Hospital and Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS). Eligible patients were at least 18 years old on the date of the visit. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were used to identify factors associated with opioid prescribing.

Rates of opioid prescribing increased for both men and women over the study period. …

Cannabinoids For The Treatment Of Chronic Headaches, Kevin Krivanek, Lucy K. Wagala, Brian Heilbronner, Kimberly Loughlin, David Kinder

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Species of the Cannabis plant genus were among the earliest medicinal plants cultivated by man, with historical accounts of their medicinal uses dating back before the Common Era. Despite its current legal status, Cannabis has garnered nationwide attention as a therapeutic agent for various disease states, including chronic headaches, due to its medical indications as an antispastic, analgesic, antiemetic, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory agent. Since headaches have a high prevalence in the American population and greatly impair simple daily aspects of living, chronic headaches have become a particular point of interest in regard to the therapeutic potential of Cannabis. Clinical trials …

Marijuana And Its Cardiovascular Implications, Albert Bui, Daniel Powell, Victoria Cho, Kelsey Lindsley, Lindsey Peters

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

As marijuana becomes legalized for medical use, it is important for prescribers and pharmacists to be knowledgeable about the important aspects of marijuana such as mechanism of action, indications and abuse potential. Although marijuana's medicinal benefits are frequently reported, the risks, namely cardiovascular risks, associated with its utilization are often overlooked. Use of marijuana has been reported to increase the risk of myocardial infarction, tachycardia and hypotension, among others. Health care providers must determine if marijuana's benefits outweigh such risks when marijuana therapy is an option. It is also important for pharmacists to understand how to successfully counsel patients using …

Fentanyl: Abuse Potential And Prevention Strategies Tor Pharmacists, Margaret Rowland, Amanda Hoersten, Sarah Webb, H. Paige Stewart, Lindsey Hallman, Michael Milks

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

The abuse of fentanyl is becoming more prevalent, with patients devising new methods of extraction in order to abuse it. Fentanyl patches were originally intended for the opioid tolerant patients still requiring pain relief, but illicit use and drug diversion of this medication continues to grow at an alarming rate. Several cases of abuse have been documented in which patients were chewing patches for oral absorption, distilling the drug into liquid form for injection, or rectally inserting the patches. To discourage and prevent abuse, a keenly aware pharmacist can provide patients with important counseling points on proper use, disposal and …

Management Of Breakthrough Pain In Cancer Patients: Traditional And Novel Approaches, Courtney Porter, Nathaniel Hedrick, Katherine Salay, Lacey Shumate, Caitlin Swann, Kelly Reilly Kroustos

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Approximately 80 percent of career patients experience breakthrough pain (BTP) characterized by acute onset, short duration, and moderate-to-severe intensity. Treatment of BTP using current available medications is often insufficient, leading to the development of various novel approaches that focus on rapid onset of action and short duration of action. Most of these products are still in clinical trials, and future studies are needed to compare the novel approaches to currently available treatments. Non-medication related issues, which arise from a lack of communication and understanding between the patient, physician and pharmacist, are also barriers to adequate BTP management. By educating patients …

Prevention Of Cytomegalovirus Lntection In Pregnant Mothers And Neonates, Aisha Oliver, Taylor Gauthier, Breanne Rizzo, Alison Huet, Natalie Dipietro

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common virus spread in utero from mother to fetus, leading to more long-term problems and childhood deaths than other conditions such as Down syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, pediatric HIV/AIDS, or neural tube defects. The majority of congenital CMV infections are primary infections in which the mother acquires the infection during pregnancy. Current treatment options for CMV infection are available, but there is limited data on safety and effectiveness in pregnant mothers and neonates. Prevention by screening for CMV is associated with a high cost, and vaccines are currently unavailable. Studies show that education and …

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome And Hyperinsulinemia: Overview And Treatment, Amanda M. Meyer, Lauren D. Bajbus, Sarah E. Drake, Kristen M. Quertinmont, Ashley Overy, Anne Gentry

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a prevalent issue in women's health that is associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance and can lead to long-term health problems. The most highly recommended treatments are diet and lifestyle changes. If these changes alone are not enough, pharmacologic treatments may be employed which include metformin, spironolactone or thiazolidinediones, although more research is needed to fully realize their role. The role of the pharmacist in this disease state includes counseling patients on healthy lifestyle changes, consulting with the physician about prescribing the best medication for each patient, and monitoring therapy adherence in the patient.

Role Of Non-Nutritive Sweeteners In Obesity And Diabetes, Erica Schoenberger, Ellen Hazelet, Kaitlin Sanders, Lindsey Hallman, David Bright, Amy Stockert

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Artificial sweeteners have become a central component of the Western diet in order to facilitate weight loss and enhance glucose control. Despite their popularity, evidence supporting the benefits of artificial sweeteners remains contradictory; different trials have shown weight loss, weight gain or no change with artificial sweetener consumption. Multiple trials have correlated artificial sweetener usage, in the form of diet soda, with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome. Hypotheses speculate that individuals who consume larger loads of artificial sweeteners may be more likely to make unhealthy lifestyle choices, putting them at an increased risk for the development …

The Haunting Of Medical Literature, Brieann Miller, Tana Peterman

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Ghostwriting, or using the names of academic researchers to validate studies commissioned by pharmaceutical companies, has become a growing concern within medical literature. Omission from authorship of the names of individuals making considerable contributions to a paper is one of the most significant aspects of ghostwriting. Policy prohibiting medical ghostwriting is lacking, and it is nearly impossible to prevent the practice without strict and thorough guidelines. More strict guidelines banning ghostwriting, denying government funds to organizations without such policies, and development of databases to track offending authors and organizations could decrease the impact of ghostwriting in medical literature.

The Hiv Vaccine: Learning From Failure And Building On Success, Lindsey Mcclish, Kimberly Gathers, Katie Salay, Lisa Vranekovic, Kristin Seaman, Kelly M. Shields

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

An effective vaccine for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has eluded researchers since the identification of the HIV virus. There are many challenges in developing an effective HIV vaccine, including the lack of knowledge regarding the immune response to the virus and its diverse nature. Ethical concerns further complicate research. A recent phase III trial was performed in Thailand and showed that a significant reduction in HIV infection is possible. Pharmacists need to stay informed of these important breakthroughs in AIDS research in order to provide quality health information to patients in their community. This paper aims to evaluate the …

Implications And Concerns Regarding The Mammogram Debate, Kristen Quertinmont, Breanne Rizzo, Caitlin Swan, Mary E. Klein, Lindsay Coram, Whitney N. Detillion, Anne F. Gentry, Natalie Dipietro, Brenda Rizzo

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Screening procedures that detect breast cancer in its early stages are an important element of preventative health care for all women. When official guidelines and recommendations for screening are modified, their changes impact health care at both the population and individual patient levels. Recently, the United States Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF) has developed new recommendations regarding when to start mammogram screening for breast cancer in women of average risk for the development of breast cancer. This article discusses the rationale behind the updated USPSTF recommendations and also presents the current American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines.

Prescription Drug Abuse: A Guide For Pharmacists, Brieann J. Miller, Amanda C. Mcdavid, Nicholas J. Edmonds, Joshua P. Stevens, Cynthia C. Nguyen, Ryan W. Naseman, Michael M. Milks

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Millions of Americans use prescription psychotherapeutc drugs for nonmedical purposes. The most commonly abused prescription drugs are painkillers, followed by sedatives and stimulants. The first step towards ending prescription drug abuse must be taken by the pharmacist. Professional and student organizations, as well the as the newly founded Ohio Rx Abuse Prevention (OhioRAP) Coalition, provide resources to pharmacists and pharmacy students who want to reduce prescription drug abuse. This article discusses these various resources and provides a guide for pharmacists to take an active role in reducing prescription drug abuse and positively impact patient outcomes and their communities.