Pharmaceutical Preparations Commons^™

Neurofeedback Or Neuroplacebo?, Robert T. Thibault, Michael Lifshitz, Amir Raz

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Better than sham? A double-blind placebo-controlled neurofeedback study in primary insomnia’, by Schabus et al.. (doi:10.1093/brain/awx011).

Session D-2: Don’T Overdose The Patient: A Unit Conversion Literacy Project, Gary M. Baker, David Anim-Addo, Patrick Young

Professional Learning Day

General chemistry for non-science majors is often a prerequisite course for students pursuing degree programs in allied health fields, such as nursing. A core nursing skill is medicine management, which includes correctly calculating drug dosage volumes administered by I.V. or injection. Such calculations are nothing more than general chemistry problems involving concentration units and dilution. Our data show, however, that more than 90% of students lack this skill after taking a traditional general chemistry course. This presentation will focus on documenting this curricular gap and how we, as teachers, can address it.

Effect Of Immediate Initiation Of Antiretroviral Therapy On Risk Of Severe Bacterial Infections In Hiv-Positive People With Cd4 Cell Counts Of More Than 500 Cells Per Μl: Secondary Outcome Results From A Randomised Controlled Trial., Jemma O'Connor, Michael J Vjecha, Andrew N Phillips, Brian Angus, David Cooper, Fred Gordin, +Several Additional Authors

Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The effects of antiretroviral therapy on risk of severe bacterial infections in people with high CD4 cell counts have not been well described. In this study, we aimed to quantify the effects of immediate versus deferred ART on the risk of severe bacterial infection in people with high CD4 cell counts in a preplanned analysis of the START trial.

METHODS: The START trial was a randomised controlled trial in ART-naive HIV-positive patients with CD4 cell count of more than 500 cells per μL assigned to immediate ART or deferral until their CD4 cell counts were lower than 350 cells …

Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy In Pediatric Medicaid Enrollees., Jennifer Goldman, Troy Richardson, Jason G. Newland, Brian R. Lee, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Matt Hall, Matthew Kronman, Adam L. Hersh

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background: Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is overused in cases where highly bioavailable oral alternatives would be equally effective. However, the scope of OPAT use for children nationwide is poorly understood. Our objective was to characterize OPAT use and clinical outcomes for a large population of pediatric Medicaid enrollees treated with OPAT.

Methods: We analyzed the Truven MarketScan Medicaid claims database between 2009 and 2012. An OPAT episode was identified by capturing children with claims data indicating home infusion therapy for an intravenous antimicrobial. We characterized OPAT use by describing patient demographics, diagnoses, and antimicrobials prescribed. We categorized an antimicrobial …

Clinical Impact Of An Antibiotic Stewardship Program At A Children's Hospital., Brian R. Lee, Jennifer Goldman, Diana Yu, Angela Myers, Leslie M. Stach, Erin Hedican, Mary Anne Jackson, Jason G. Newland

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

INTRODUCTION: Antibiotic stewardship programs (ASP) improve appropriate antibiotic use. Data are limited on the clinical benefit of ASPs in children's hospitals. This study's objective was to determine the impact of an ASP on length of stay (LOS) and readmission rate among patients admitted to children's hospitals.

METHODS: Data from a prospective-audit-with-feedback ASP were used to examine the ASP review characteristics, including antibiotic(s) prescribed, clinical indication, recommendations made by the ASP, and agreement with recommendations. Propensity score analysis was utilized to determine the impact of the ASP on LOS and 30-day readmission based on whether the patient received an ASP recommendation …

February 2017, Randy Curry, Cindy Brooks

RURAL ROCKS

Rural Rocks, the Rural Health Network newsletter by the SWOSU College of Pharmacy

Topical Anaesthetics For Pain Control During Repair Of Dermal Laceration., Baraa O. Tayeb, Anthony Eidelman, Cristy L. Eidelman, Ewan D. Mcnicol, Daniel B. Carr

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Topical local anaesthetics provide effective analgesia for patients undergoing numerous superficial procedures, including repair of dermal lacerations. The need for cocaine in topical anaesthetic formulations has been questioned because of concern about adverse effects, thus novel preparations of cocaine-free anaesthetics have been developed. This review was originally published in 2011 and has been updated in 2017.

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether benefits of non-invasive topical anaesthetic application occur at the expense of decreased analgesic efficacy. To compare the efficacy of various single-component or multi-component topical anaesthetic agents for repair of dermal lacerations. To determine the clinical necessity for topical application …

Brivaracetam (Briviact): A Novel Adjunctive Therapy For Partial-Onset Seizures, Farbod Khaleghi, Eric C. Nemec

Physician Associate Studies Faculty Publications

Epilepsy is the fourth most common neurological disorder and affects more than 65 million individuals worldwide.This condition is marked by the presence of epileptic seizures, which result from an abnormal synchronous firing of excitatory neurons in the brain. When neurons fire synchronously, a wave of depolarization known as a paroxysmal depolarizing shift occurs. During this period, the neurons experience a lowered resistance to firing, leading to multiple action potentials that generate abnormally increased electrical activity within the brain.

Metronidazole Metabolism In Neonates And The Interplay Between Ontogeny And Genetic Variation., Laura A. Wang, Daniel Gonzalez, J Steven Leeder, Rachel F. Tyndale, Robin E. Pearce, Daniel K. Benjamin, Gregory L. Kearns, Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez, Best Pharmaceuticals For Children Act-Pediatric Trials Network Steering Committee

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

No abstract provided.

Metronidazole Metabolism In Neonates And The Interplay Between Ontogeny And Genetic Variation., Laura A. Wang, Daniel Gonzalez, J Steven Leeder, Rachel F. Tyndale, Robin E. Pearce, Daniel K. Benjamin, Gregory L. Kearns, Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez, Best Pharmaceuticals For Children Act-Pediatric Trials Network Steering Committee

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

No abstract provided.

Age-Dependent Absolute Abundance Of Hepatic Carboxylesterases (Ces1 And Ces2) By Lc-Ms/Ms Proteomics: Application To Pbpk Modeling Of Oseltamivir In Vivo Pharmacokinetics In Infants., Mikael Boberg, Marc Vrana, Aanchal Mehrotra, Robin E. Pearce, Andrea Gaedigk, Deepak Kumar Bhatt, J Steven Leeder, Bhagwat Prasad

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

The age-dependent absolute protein abundance of carboxylesterase (CES) 1 and CES2 in human liver was investigated and applied to predict infant pharmacokinetics (PK) of oseltamivir. The CES absolute protein abundance was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry proteomics in human liver microsomal and cytosolic fractions prepared from tissue samples obtained from 136 pediatric donors and 35 adult donors. Two surrogate peptides per protein were selected for the quantification of CES1 and CES2 protein abundance. Purified CES1 and CES2 protein standards were used as calibrators, and the heavy labeled peptides were used as the internal standards. In hepatic microsomes, CES1 and …

January 2017, Randy Curry, Cindy Brooks

RURAL ROCKS

Rural Rocks, the Rural Health Network newsletter by the SWOSU College of Pharmacy

Rectal Colonic Mural Hematoma Following Enema For Constipation While On Therapeutic Anticoagulation., Rebecca M. Rentea, Charles H. Fehring

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Causes of colonic and recto-sigmoid hematomas are multifactorial. Patients can present with a combination of dropping hemoglobin, bowel obstruction and perforation. Computed tomography imaging can provide clues to a diagnosis of intramural hematoma. We present a case of rectal hematoma and a review of current management literature. A 72-year-old male on therapeutic anticoagulation for a pulmonary embolism, was administered an enema resulting in severe abdominal pain unresponsive to blood transfusion. A sigmoid colectomy with end colostomy was performed. Although rare, colonic and recto-sigmoid hematomas should be considered as a possible diagnosis for adults with abdominal pain on anticoagulant therapy.

Using Diagnostic Tests To Inform Better Care, Save Lives And Fight Antibiotic Resistance: A Factsheet For Healthcare Professionals, Antibiotic Resistance Action Center (Arac)

Antibiotic Resistance Action Center (ARAC)

No abstract provided.

Unleashing The Power Of Diagnostic Tests In The Fight Against Antibiotic Resistance, Antibiotic Resistance Action Center (Arac)

Antibiotic Resistance Action Center (ARAC)

No abstract provided.

Variation In Organ-Specific Pik3ca And Kras Mutant Levels In Normal Human Tissues Correlates With Mutation Prevalence In Corresponding Carcinomas, Barbara L. Parsons, Karen L. Mckim, Meagan B. Myers

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Large-scale sequencing efforts have described the mutational complexity of individual cancers and identified mutations prevalent in different cancers. As a complementary approach, allele specific competitive blocker PCR (ACB-PCR) is being used to quantify levels of hotspot cancer driver mutations (CDMs) with high sensitivity, to elucidate the tissue-specific properties of CDMs, their occurrence as tumor cell subpopulations, and their occurrence in normal tissues. Here we report measurements of PIK3CA H1047R mutant fraction (MF) in normal colonic mucosa, normal lung, colonic adenomas, colonic adenocarcinomas, and lung adenocarcinomas. We report PIK3CA E545K MF measurements in those tissues, as well as in normal breast, …

Cyclosporine Exacerbates Ketamine Toxicity In Zebrafish: Mechanistic Studies On Drug–Drug Interaction, Bonnie L. Robinson, Melanie Dumas, Syed F. Ali, Merle G. Paule, Qiang Gu, Jyotshna Kanungo

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunosuppressive drug commonly used in organ transplant patients to prevent allograft rejections. Ketamine is a pediatric anesthetic that noncompetitively inhibits the calcium-permeable N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors. Adverse drug–drug interaction effects between ketamine and CsA have been reported in mammals and humans. However, the mechanism of such drug–drug interaction is unclear. We have previously reported adverse effects of combination drugs, such as verapamil/ketamine and shown the mechanism through intervention by other drugs in zebrafish embryos. Here, we show that ketamine and CsA in combination produce developmental toxicity even leading to lethality in zebrafish larvae when exposure began …

Detection Of Allergen Markers In Food: Analytical Methods, Girdhari M. Sharma, Sefat E. Khuda, Christine H. Parker, Anne C. Eischeid, Marion Pereira

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Food allergens are proteins that are well tolerated by most, but can cause severe reactions in sensitive individuals. Since there is no cure for food allergy, strict adherence to an allergen-free diet is the only safe choice currently available for allergic consumers. Accurate food labeling can help consumers avoid foods containing an allergenic ingredient. Regulatory agencies have mandated the labeling of major food allergens on packaged foods to help with safe food choices. However, the inadvertent presence of an allergen in food due to cross-contact and labeling error can jeopardize consumer health. Analytical methods are developed for allergen detection and …

Current Analytical Techniques For Food Lipids, Cynthia T. Srigley, Magdi M. Mossoba

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Thee analysis of food lipids presents significant challenges due to the wide variety of sample matrices, large range of total fat contents, and complex compositions of fatty acids. This is chapter reviews conventional analytical techniques for the quantification of total fat and fatty acids in foods and food ingredients, including the gravimetric determination of total fat, the calculation of fat and fatty acids using gas chromatography (GC), and the analysis of proximates content (i.e., fat, protein, carbohydrate, moisture, and ash) by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Current official methods of analysis are evaluated and the use of certified reference materials …

Multiple Imputation To Evaluate The Impact Of An Assay Change In National Surveys, Maya Sternberg

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

National health surveys, such as the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, are used to monitor trends of nutritional biomarkers. These surveys try to maintain the same biomarker assay over time, but there are a variety of reasons why the assay may change. In these cases, it is important to evaluate the potential impact of a change so that any observed fluctuations in concentrations over time are not confounded by changes in the assay. To this end, a subset of stored specimens previously analyzed with the old assay is retested using the new assay. These paired data are used to …