Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

The Digestion By Cattle Of Grass Silages Made With The Application Of Formic Acid Or Formic Acid And Formaldehyde, Nam-Hyung Lee, J A. Rooke, D G. Armstrong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The aim of the experiment was to assess the effect of applying formic acid at ensilage or formic acid/formaldehyde to the standing crop of herbage before ensiling upon the subsequent digestion of the silages by cattle. Unwilted grass silages were made from perennial ryegrass ensiled at a DM of 170g kg-1 with application of 2.22 liters ton-1 of formic acid and wilted grass silages was made by spray to the standing crop of herbage with 90 liters ha -i of a solution containing 50 liter formalin, 500ml of 10% Tween 20, and 2.5 liter water giving an application rate of …

Comparison Of Nitrogen Utilization From Wilted And Direct-Cut Silages By Growing Sheep, Elisabeth Grenet, C Demarquilly, C Beranger, D Micol

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The influence of wilting on the conservation quality, intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance of silages was studied. 32 silages made from 10 fresh crops were fed to growing sheep. For each crop a direct-cut silage without additive, a direct-cut silage with formic acid and a wilted silage were prepared. Conservation of wilted silages was not as good as that of direct-cut silages with formic acid but was better than that of silages without additive. However, both intake and protein digestibility of wilted silages were the lowest of the three types. The nitrogen balance was also lower with wilted silages than …

The Effect Of Leucaena Leucocphala As A Supplement On The Utilization On Low Quality Roughage By Small Ruminants, A Bamualim

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the value of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) as a supplement to low quality roughage of spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) hay fed to goats and sheep. In the first experiment using goats, a basal diet of spear grass (SG) was supplemented with urea (SG + U) or Jeucaena (SG + L). Daily organic matter (OM) intake was significantly greater on the SG + L diet (38 g/kg BW0•75) than on the SG or SG + U diets (21 and 23 g/kg BW° 75 respectively). Non ammonia nitrogen (NAN) flowing from the abomasum was …

Effects Of Variety And Soil Difference On The Feeding Value Of Whole Crop Barley, M Ogawa, H Abe, E Takahashi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effects of varietal (Azuma Golden, Akagi Nijyo and New Golden) and soil differences (Red Yellow Soils, Grey Lowland Soils, Light Colored Andosols and Thick Humic Andosols) on the feeding value of whole crop barley were investigated to ascertain each proportion of plant portions to the total plant weight and carbohydrate contents and the main results are as follows. 1) The differences in IVDMD (in vitro Dry Matter Digestibility) were independent of variety, but they were influenced considerably by soil differences. The lowest IVDMD value of 56% was in Grey Lowland Soils and the highest of 63% was produced in …

Rumen Degradation Of Dry Matter And Protein Of Tropical Forage And Water Plant, M Saadullah, K V. Thomsen, A N. Niemann-Sorensen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The dry matter and protein degradation rate of some tropical Bangladeshi forages were determined by using the nylon bag technique. The different forages and concentrates were dhancha (Sesbania aculeata), matikalie (Phaseolus mungo), ipil ipil (Leucaena) and water hyacinths (Echhomia crassipes), mustard oil cake and fish meal as control. A slow dry matter disappearance (from nylon bags) was observed for fish meal followed by ipil ipil and water hyacinths. It was also observed that the dry matter from mustard oil cake disappeard very rapidly, while the dhancha and matikalie formed intermediate of the …

The Digestibility, Intake And Rumen Fermentation By Sheep Of Some Tropical Grasses In Japan, O Kawamura, S Tanaka, T Miaki

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The cultivation of tropical grasses is gradually becoming widespread in southwest Japan. In this research, the digestibility, voluntary intake and rumen fermentation of the tropical grasses (green panic, Rhodes grass, Sudan grass and African millet) were compared with Italian ryegrass. The crude protein contents of all tropical grasses tested were over 10% in the dry matter, and were not so much different from the Italian ryegrass. The tropical grasses, in general, had higher contents of cell wall materials and lower content of total non-structural carbohydrate than the Italian ryegrass. In the dry matter digestibility and digestible nutrient contents, the tropical …

Evaluation Of Digestible Dry Matter Productivity Of Sugar Cane In Warm Temperate Zone Of Japan, T Takamura, H Nakano

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Field trials were carried out to evaluate and to utilize the potential productivity of sugar cane as a forage crop in warm temperate zone of Japan. Improved, modem varieties NiN2 and NCo310 were cultivated at Oshima Island, Kushimoto-cho, (Wakayama Prefecture), Takatsuki City, (Osaka Prefecture), and Sanyo-cho, (Okayama Prefecture). The results obtained were as follows: In experiment 1, it was demonstrated that dry matter yield (DM) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) were the highest in ratooning crop, and higher in April planting crop than in May planting crop. These levels of yields of ratooning and April planting of sugar cane were …

Effect Of Cutting Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) And Wheat (Triticum Oestivum L.) On The Yield Of Grain And Straw With Special Reference To The Nutritive Value Of The Green Forage Cut, M S. Nowar, S Y. Sherif, G A. Abdel-Rahman, S N. Abdel-Baki, K M. El-Gindi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

It was intended to study the possibility of cutting green barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) before obtaining grains. The grains of the two crops were sown in broadcasting. Half of the cultivated area of both crops were cut manually at 30 cm plant height, while the others were left as controls. Two digestibility trials using 3 fistulated castrated Ossimi rams were carried on the green forage cut of barley and wheat. The obtained results are summarized as follow:

1. The values of in vitro disappearance, in vivo digestion coefficients (except EE), nutritive value (SV, …

Feeding Value In Grain And Straw Of Paddy Rice At The Different Stage, K Taji, S Kumai, R Fukumi, E Horiuchu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Experiments were carried out to estimate the feeding value and the rate of undigested excretion of starch in grain and ammoniated straw (AS) of paddy at the dough and the ripe stage. The plant material used was Matsuyama Mii, a late variety. Materials and experimental animals for the digestion trial were rough rice and AS, and sheep, respectively. In chemical composition, each content of crude fat (CF) and crude ash (CA) of the ripe rough rice (RRR) was higher than that of the dough rough rice (DRR), and moreover, each content of CF and CA of AS at the dough …

Digestibility And Chemical Composition Of Cell Walls From Grass And Legume Stems, D R. Buxton, J O. Fritz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lignin concentration and chemical composition, associated phenolic monomers, and arabinose branching of the xylose core of hemicellulose are all thought to affect the rate and/or extent of digestion. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of maturity on rate of cell wall ( CW) digestion of stems from two legume species and on CW constituents in legume and grass stems. The rate of CW digestion was determined by fermenting samples in rumen fluid for various periods. Structural carbohydrate composition was determined in ethanol-insoluble residues and phenylpropanoid components were determined in CW after alkali treatment and nitrobenzene oxidation. Rate of …

Evaluation Of Grain Sorghum As A Silage Crop, R L. Smith, K K. Bolsen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Three experiments were conducted to determine the nutritive value and yield potential of grain sorghum cultivars harvested as whole-plant silage. A commercial yellow endosperm grain sorghum was harvested at late-dough and hard-grain stages of maturity. Each silage was fed unprocessed and processed through a roller mill to steers in growth and digestion trials. A yield study compared five cultivars of grain sorghum and one forage sorghum, each harvested at three stages of matuirity (milk to early dough, late-dough, and hard-grain). Processing the silages significantly improved steer gains and feed efficiencies. There was a nonsignificant increase in silage DM digestibility due …

Studies On The Utilization Of Water Hyacinth Plants As Feed, K Kabata, M Shimizu, N Ashikari, T Sawada, I Goto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study was conducted to promote the utilization of water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes) plants as feed.

Water hyacinth was cultivated at the eutrophic lake, Ezuko in Kumamoto city from May, 1982 to December, 1984. The plants had the highest absorbing ability from October to November in a growing season. The raw material of the silage has been used for the plants harvested in October, 1984. After being washed, the plants were squeezed by the roller press machine and the press cake containing 85% moisture was used as raw silage material. The quality of the silage was ranked excellent grade …

Development Of The Practical Use Of Water Hyacinth As The Water Purification And The Feed Of Animals, M Shimizu, K Kabata, N Ashikari, I Goto, T Sawada

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

1. The global prolific growth of water hyacinth (Eichhomia crassipes) and effect of its vigorous reproduction on the environment is an increasing serious world-wide problem challenging an environmental menace. But Fortunatly, it contains much protein and essential amino acid. From above mentioned characteristics the plants are probably the most promising species for feed of animals and nutrient removal from eutrophic water. But unfortunately, the plants are so succulent that the practical use has not been realized. From such circumstances, we want to solve the hard problems by cutting down production expenses for the practical utilization of the plants. …

Effects Of Mono-Oligo Saccharides And Lignin On The Digestibility In Sorghum And Corn Culm, S Kumai, R Fukumi, K Taji

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This research was undertaken to clarify relationship between digestibility and chemical composition of sorghum and corn culm and futhermore, to find higher nutritive strains among sorghums. Experimental samples used were 21 sorghum culms and 13 corn ones at the silage stages. Samples were analysed mono, oligo saccharides (MOSD), organic cellular contents (OCC), organic cell wall (OCW), organic a (Oa), organic b (Ob), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (AD-L) and acid detergent silica (AD-silica), and estimated in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD).

Analysis Of Dry Matter Digestibility Of Green Panic As Affected By The Change In Temperature, Y Masuda

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In order to quantify the relationship between plant growth rate and its dry matter digestibility, an analytical method was proposed. The change in digestibility was expressed by the difference between mean relative growth rates of total dry matter and indigestible dry matter. And a concept of specific formation rate was introduced to show the efficiency of formation of indigestible materials assuming which are formed from accumulated digestible materials. The method was applied to the results of an experiment in which green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume cv. Petrie) was grown for two successive periods of a week, and treated …

Cattle Performance On Tall Fescue Cultivars Varying In Forage Quality And Levels Of Endophyte Infestation, R C. Buckner, R W. Hemken, J A. Boling, P B. Burrus Jr, L P. Bush, J A. Jackson Jr, M R. Siegel, G D. Lacefield

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A fungal endophyte, Acremonium coenophialum, and alkaloids of tall fescue may prevent the realization of improved performance of animals consuming cultivars bred for superior forage quality. Beef and dairy cattle performance was studied using tall fescue cultivars varying in forage quality, in potential to produce alkaloids, and in levels of A. coenophialum infestaion. Comparative performance of growing beef and mid-lactation Holstein cattle was evaluated using forage from a seed lot of Kentucky 31 with ca. 75% endophyte infestation and from another seed lot without infestation and Kenhy and G 1-320 cultivars with improved forage quality and low levels of …

Effect Of Cultivar And Type Of Forage Of Tall Fescue (Festuca Arundinacea Schreb.) On Palatability And Intake By Sheep, U Simon, V Prager

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Two cultivars of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) viz. 'Festal' and 'Kentucky 31', and a Festuca arundinacea x Lolium multiflorum hybrid ( = Festulolium) cultivar 'Hazel' were chosen to test their palatability and intake by sheep when offered simultaneously as fresh grass or hay or silage. Of fresh grass of both the primary growth and the third growth the Festulolium was preferred to tall fescue. When the Festulolium was withdrawn, significantly more forage of 'Festal' than of 'Kentucky 31' was eaten from the primary growth, but the reverse was true with the regrowth forage. Hay of the three cultivars …

Productivity Of Morphologically Different Sown Tropical Grass Pastures Grown Under Similar Conditions, B G. Robbins, J J. Bushell

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A reduction in animal production as sown grass pastures age has been identified as a serious problem on clay soils in south-east Queenland. To determine if this decline in productivity varied between sown grasses or mainly depended on some aspect of soilfertility, such as soil available nitrogen (N), a three year experiment was conducted at Gayndah (730 mm average annual rainfall). In this replicated grazing trial, six morphologically different grass pastures (native grasses (Heteropo­gon/Bothriochloa); angleton grass (Dichanthium aristatum); creeping bluegrass (Bothriochloainsculpta); purple pigeon grass ( Setaria porphyran tha); green panic (Panicum maximum) …

Composition And Nutritive Value Of Diets Selected By Sheep And Goats On Four Pasture Types, E C. Prigge, D B. Mpiri, W B. Bryan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Esophageally fistulated sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus) were compared in relation to the composition and nutritive value of ingesta collected by grazing four pasture types. The pasture types are described as Improved Pasture, Unimproved Pasture, Unimproved Pasture with Low Scrub and High Scrub. The scrub consisted mainly of hawthorne (Crataegus sp.) and blackberry (Rubus sp.). Samples of herbage and esophageal extrusa were visually separated into four forage classes (legumes, grass, forbs/browse and dead material). A significant (P < .01) animal species x type of pasture interaction was evident in regard to the preference for the various forage classes. The goats consumed much larger proportions of browse than the sheep on the pastures containing scrub. Few differences were evident between goats and sheep in nutritive value of the ingesta within pasture type.

Leaching Effects On Composition And Digestibility Of Leaf And Stem Of Alfalfa And Red Clover, Michael Collins

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rainfall during field drying of legume hay reduces both yield and nutritive value of the forage. An experiment was conducted to evaluate leaching effects on composition of dry leaf and stem tissue of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Leaching increased neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose and acid detergent lignin concentrations in every case although leaf increased more. Stem tissue of red clover differed less from leaf in fiber composition than did leaf and stem of alfalfa. Leaching did not significantly affect nitrogen concentration but decreased in vitro true digestibility of both …