Toxicology Commons^™

Evaluation Of Opioid Consumption Trends For Pain In Taiwan And Comparison With Neighboring Asian Countries, Jhi-Joung Wang, Shu-Fang Teng, Yu-Roo Chu, Chin-Chen Chu, Chung-Han Ho, Li-Ling Chu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Opioids are effective analgesics for pain relief, however, inappropriate use may cause risks. The aims of the study were to evaluate trends of opioid consumption for pain management in Taiwan and compare them among neighboring Asian countries. Opioid consumption data, including fentanyl, morphine, oxycodone, hydromorphone, codeine, and pethidine, were collected from the Controlled Drugs Management Information System of Taiwan Food and Drug Administration from 2008 to 2018. Data of different continents and neighboring Asian countries were retrieved from the WHO website. The major findings include: (1) In Taiwan, the total annual opioid consumption has gradually increased from 2008 to 2018, …

A Three-Step Stacking Capillary Electrophoresis Of Field-Amplified Sample Injection, Sweeping, And Micellar Collapse For Determination Of Dabigatran And Its Active Metabolite In Human Plasma, Cheng-Wei Cheng, Wen-Han Feng, Wei-Hua Tang, Hwang-Shang Kou, Chun-Chi Wang, Shou-Mei Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A three-step stacking capillary electrophoresis (CE) composed of field-amplified sample injection, sweeping, and analyte focusing by micellar collapse (FASI-sweeping-AFMC) was developed to determine dabigatran (D) and its major active metabolite, dabigatran acyl-beta-d-glucuronide (DAG), in human plasma. After optimization and validation, this novel approach was further applied to monitor 5 real samples, and the 25.2 to 186.8 ng mL^-1 D could be observed among those. Based on these results, the novel CE stacking strategy was successfully applied for the analysis of D and DAG in human plasma and could be served as a tool for clinical assays.

The Antihyperlipidemic Equivalent Combinatorial Components From Peel Of Citrus Reticulata ‘Chachi’, Ping-Ting Xiao, Yu-Jia Kuang, Shi-Yu Liu, Zhi-Shen Xie, Jin-Hua Hao, E-Hu Liu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Since the combinatorial components responsible for the antihyperlipidemic activity of Citrus reticulata‘Chachi’ (CRC) peels remains unclear, we herein developed a bioactive equivalence oriented feedback screening method to discover the bioactive equivalent combinatorial components (BECCs) from CRC peels. Using palmitic acid (PA)- stimulated hepatocyte model, a combination of five polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) including tangeretin, sinensetin, nobiletin, 5,7,8,4′-tetramethoxyflavone and 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone was identified to be responsible for the antihyperlipidemic effect of CRC peels. Via evaluation of combination effect by combination index (CI), these 5 PMFs were found to take effect via a synergistic mode. Our data indicated that the antihyperlipidemic mechanism of PMF …

Food Glycomics: Dealing With Unexpected Degradation Of Oligosaccharides During Sample Preparation And Analysis, Yu-Ping Huang, Randall C. Robinson, Daniela Barile

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study reveals that unexpected degradation of food oligosaccharides can occur during conventional glycomics workflows, including sample preparation and analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). With the present investigation, we aim to alert the scientific community of the susceptibility of specific glycosidic linkages to degradation induced by heat and acid. Key standard oligosaccharides representing the major types found in foods (3’-sialyllactose and 6’-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine for milk, raffinose and stachyose for legumes) were selected as model systems and underwent each of the following treatments independently: (1) labeled with the derivatizing agent 1-aminopyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonic (APTS) (followed by analysis with a capillary electrophoresis system coupled …

Ulva Prolifera Polysaccharide Exerts Anti-Obesity Effects Via Upregulation Of Adiponectin Expression And Gut Microbiota Modulation In High-Fat Diet-Fed C57bl/6 Mice, Hai-Ching Pung, Wei-Sheng Lin, Yi-Chen Lo, Cheng-Chih Hsu, Chi-Tang Ho, Min-Hsiung Pan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Obesity is characterized by metabolic disorder and accompanying an altered and less diverse gut microbiota composition during a fat-enriched diet. Recent studies indicated that sulphated polysaccharide prevents high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity, reduces metabolic disorder, and restores the gut microbiota. However, there are few studies about Ulva prolifera polysaccharide (UPP) may induce anti-obesogenic effects. Therefore, the present study investigates the enzymatic extracted UPP effects in HFD-fed mice. The results showed that UPP considerably slowed down the HFD-induced weight gain and improved metabolic disorders in HFD-fed mice. Notably, the effects were associated with lower body weight gain, reduced adipose tissue hypertrophy, …

Stable Carbon Isotopic Characterization Of Rice Vinegar Protein As An Intrinsic Reference For Discriminating The Authenticity Of Brewed Rice Vinegar, Chun-Jen Fang, Hsin-Cheng You, Zih-Ling Huang, Che-Lun Hsu, Chia-Fen Tsai, Ya-Tze Lin, Ya-Min Kao, Su-Hsiang Tseng, Der-Yuan Wang, Nan-Wei Su

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Rice vinegar plays an important role in daily life. However, some unscrupulous manufacturers may deliberately add synthetic acetic acid in vinegar products to reduce fermentation time and save production costs. To protect the rights and health of consumers, vinegar authenticity must be controlled. The rice vinegar protein was used as an intrinsic reference and its stable carbon isotope ratio (δ¹³C_protein) was analyzed by elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The stable carbon isotope ratio difference between the acetic acid and the rice vinegar protein (Δδ¹³C_{acetic acid-protein}) was calculated to evaluate vinegar authenticity. Sixteen …

Direct Immersion Solid-Phase Microextraction Combined With Ambient Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry To Rapidly Distinguish Pesticides In Serum For Emergency Diagnostics, Hung Su, Hsin-Hua Lin, Lin-Jhen Su, Chia-Chen Lin, Zong-Han Jiang, Shiang-Jin Chen, Jentaie Shiea, Chi-Wei Lee

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Despite the fact that carbamates and organophosphates cause acute poisoning via different mechanisms and require disparate management, they are indistinguishable by current clinical assays. Herein, direct immersion solid-phase microextraction (DI-SPME) plus thermal desorption-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (TD-ESI/MS/MS) was developed to discern them. Both pesticides spiked in human serum were extracted by SPME and analyzed by TD-ESI/MS/MS. This is a promising emergency care platform as rapid analyses could be done in tiny sample volumes with satisfactory recovery (89.46%–116.32%), precision (covariance < 20%), sensitivity (LOD < 0.1 µg/mL), turnaround time (< 5 minutes), and linearity (R² = 0.9827–0.9992) within 0.1–100 µg/mL.

Determination Of Perfluoroalkyl Substances In Food Packaging In Taiwan Using Ultrasonic Extraction And Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Peng Siao, Su-Hsiang Tseng, Chia-Yang Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), as coating materials, possess oil-resistant and waterproof properties. However, their persistency and toxicity have caused concerns. This study developed a method for determining five types of 20 PFASs with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, and measured seven categories of 32 commercial samples of oil-resistant food packaging in Taiwan. The assay was validated according to the specification of Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (TFDA). Samples of 100 cm² were cut into pieces and were ultra-sonicated in 20-mL methanol at 50℃ for 45 minutes. The extracts were concentrated to 1 mL for instrumental analysis. Most matrix effect factors …

The Next Generation Beneficial Actions Of Novel Probiotics As Potential Therapeutic Targets And Prediction Tool For Metabolic Diseases, Hsin-Lin Cheng, Gow-Chin Yen, Shih-Chien Huang, Shiuan-Chih Chen, Chin-Lin Hsu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The prevalence of metabolic disease has rising and affected over 1,000 million populations globally. Since the metabolic disease and its related complication are board, it has become the major health hazard of modern world. However, Long term medication of metabolic disease may cause serious side effects and risk for adverse health problems. Recently, emerging studies focus on exploring the mechanistic details of metabolic state in disease development and progression. Gut bacteria ecosystem was considered to play a pivotal role in regulating energy homeostasis and great associated with the development of metabolic disease. Accumulated evidences indicated that Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, …

The Unexpected Influence On Talent From Air Pollution, Singapore Management University

Perspectives@SMU

CUHK research shows air pollution in China is driving educated and skilled company executives to move away from highly polluted areas, hampering the performance of firms located there

Mise En Visibilité Des Situations D’Exposition Cutanée Aux Pesticides Et Des Pratiques De Prévention : Développement Méthodologique Réalisé En Collaboration Avec Des Producteurs De Pommes Québécois (2e Édition), Caroline Jolly, Sylvie Beaugrand, Ludovic Tuduri, Élise Ledoux, Alain Garrigou

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Dans une optique de rentabilité visant la survie de l’entreprise, et pour répondre aux attentes de qualité du marché, les agriculteurs utilisent des pesticides. La littérature scientifique documente largement les effets à la santé susceptibles d’être liés à l’utilisation des pesticides. Plusieurs auteurs mentionnent l’importance de la voie cutanée comme voie d’exposition aux pesticides. Ce rapport présente le développement d’une méthodologie mixte alliant ergonomie et expologie visant à documenter l’exposition cutanée, les situations d’exposition et les pratiques de prévention associées.

Il s’appuie sur un devis de recherche par étude de cas qui se décline en quatre étapes : une étude …

In Vitro Toxicological Evaluation Of Mesoporous Silica Microparticles Functionalised 1 With Carvacrol And Thymol, Cristina Fuentes, Ana Fuentes, Hugh Byrne, José Barat, María José Ruiz

Articles

The cytotoxicity of carvacrol- and thymol- functionalised mesoporous silica microparticles (MCM-41) was assessed in the human hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2). Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and apoptosis/necrosis analysis were used as endpoints. Results showed that both materials induced cytotoxicity in a time and concentration-dependent manner, being more cytotoxic than free essential oil components and bare MCM-41. This effect was caused by the cell-particle interactions and not from degradation products released to the culture media, as demonstrated in the extract dilution assays. LDH release was seen to be …

Wastewater-Based Estimation Of Substances Discharged At The Rest Areas Along The State Highways In Kentucky, Katherine E. Gray, Eugene Shin, Tyler Whitt, Andrew Windhorst, Houston Hampton, Chris Delcher, Bikram Subedi

Posters-at-the-Capitol

The availability of licit and illicit stimulants and its adverse consequences on public health has emerged as a major drug threat to communities in the United States. Despite several drug-involved traffic incidents along the interstate highways, this report represents the first comprehensive and quantitative report of drugs discharged at the rest areas along the interstate highways. In this National Institute of Justice-funded study, the amount of several discharged drugs focusing on stimulants but also including opioids and prescription antipsychotics are being measured in raw wastewater collected from five rest areas and a truck servicing facility using a state-of-the-art mass …

Ephemeroptera Culturing Methods: An Analysis On Rearing And Toxcity Testing On Sensitive Early Life Stages Of Native Mayfly Taxa, Geneve Rainette Edwards

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Standard toxicity testing organisms are utilized for regulatory purposes and often ecological risk assessments. Ephemeroptera taxa have been reported to be more sensitive to aquatic contaminants than the standard toxicity testing organisms currently used in determining effects on aquatic ecosystems. Establishing methods for culturing native Ephemeroptera taxa will provide a more sensitive test organism to determine the toxicity of contaminants and will be more representative of the responses of native taxa. Additionally, it will provide a test organism at the most sensitive life stages. The objective of this research is to develop methods for culturing and testing of native Ephemeroptera …

Investigation Of The Effects Of Prenatal Drug Exposure On Astrocyte-Mediated Synaptogenic Signaling, Taylor Christian Boggess

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

One of the most significant outcomes of the rise in rates of opioid abuse in the United States has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), the clinical diagnosis for the collection of withdrawal-like signs and symptoms commonly observed in the newborns of mothers who abused certain drugs, such as opioids, during pregnancy. While a great deal of research has investigated the short-term symptoms and potential treatments for NAS, including my own studies to identify emerging trends among a local population of NAS patients, there remains a critical need to investigate the long-term effects of …

Dithiocarbamates Mancozeb And Disulfiram Induce Striated Muscle Myopathy And Neuropathy In Long-Evans Rats, Olivia Stephenson

Theses and Dissertations

Mancozeb (MZ), an ethylene bis-dithiocarbamate complexed with the metals manganese and zinc, is a broad-spectrum fungicide used primarily on orchards and vineyards. Disulfiram (DS, Antabuse®), a diethyldithiocarbamate, is an FDA-approved drug used for alcohol aversion therapy. Both dithiocarbamates (DTCs) have shown neurological effects including motor impairment, muscle weakness, and hind-limb paralysis, although the mechanism of toxicity is not understood. The purpose of this study is to determine how these neurotoxic compounds are damaging striated muscle of rats. Adult, male Long-Evans rats were administered either 250mg/kg MZ or 750mg/kg DS via oral gavage 3x/week for four weeks. Animals were euthanized 24 …

The Role Of Dichloro(Ethylenediamine) Platinum Ii In Altering Cellular Iron And Copper Transport, Megan Hall

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Approximately 50% of all chemotherapy cancer patients receive a platinum chemotherapeutic during their treatment. Although these drugs are widely utilized, little is known about the cellular transport of platinum drugs. It is hypothesized that platinum utilizes transporters for other metals to enter the cell. Structural differences between compounds are predicted to affect the compounds’ ability to exploit different transporters. Also, different cell types express different transporters. Therefore, compound structure is expected to influence transport of platinum compounds differently in different cell types. This study investigated the role of the platinum drug cisplatin and platinum compound Pt(en)Cl₂ in altering iron …

Cellular Activation Following Acute And Chronic Ethanol In Glutamatergic Projection Neurons, Annalise Hassan, Sam Gottlieb, Michael F. Miles Md, Phd

IRBEH/Spit for Science Publications and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Chromatographic Studies Of Some Hormone And Metabolic Modulators Used For Doping In Sports, Ruth Marie Speidel

Online Theses and Dissertations

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) is an international agency that monitors the use of Performance Enhancing Drugs (PEDs) in sports; their mission is “to lead a collaborative worldwide movement for doping-free sport” (Who We Are, 2022). For this mission, the WADA needs quick, sensitive, reproducible, and accurate methods for analyzing athletes’ biological fluids for possible PEDs. This research focuses on developing and validating simple, sensitive, rapid, and reliable gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods for the analysis of two hormone and metabolic modulators, toremifene and trimetazidine. Previously, there has been limited GC-MS methods used to analyze toremifene and trimetazidine. Quantification …

Effect Of Metal-Containing Nanoparticles On Bacterial Biofilms And On The Microbiome Of Girardia Tigrina, Azar Saikali

West Chester University Master’s Theses

Anthropogenically-produced nanoparticles are a form of nanotechnology being used in industries including food and textiles. Humans and livestock are frequently exposed to metal-containing nanoparticles (MCNPs), that have been washed into streams and rivers, have been deliberately used in food packaging as antimicrobials, preservatives or for supplementation. The animal microbiome, which consists of a diverse community of microorganisms, provides a number of benefits to the host in terms of nutrition availability, immune support, and can influence behavior. Biofilms of diverse microbes may cause detrimental effects, for instance by causing dental diseases in humans. However, the scientific community has not reached consensus …