Pharmacology Commons^™

Screening For Malachite Green Contamination On Live Fish Skin With Chewing Gum Based Viscoelastic Sers Sensor, Wan-Li Fan, Shi-Wei Yang, Dong-Mei Wang, Zheng-Jun Gong, Mei-Kun Fan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Malachite green (MG), a prohibited but still found antimicrobial in aquafarm and during live fish shipping, is a hot target in food safety screening. Herein, a novel chewing gum based flexible SERS (G-SERS) sensor was proposed for rapid sampling and detection of MG on live fish skin. The whole analysis takesmin, while the limit of detection for MG is 0.73 pg. Different from other reports, MG contaminated live fish was monitored daily with the G-SERS sensor, during which the fish was firstly raised in 0.5 ppm MG solution for one day, followed by freshwater for a week. It was found …

Uplc-Qtof-Ms Fingerprinting Combined With Chemometrics To Assess The Solvent Extraction Efficiency, Phytochemical Variation, And Antioxidant Activities Of Beta Vulgaris L., Junyi Wang, Guddadarangavvanahally Krishnareddy Jayaprakasha, Bhimanagouda S. Patil

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Accurate assays of plant antioxidants and other phytochemicals require efficient extraction conditions and enable rigorous assessments of crop varieties and production systems. This study assessed the extraction of phytochemicals and antioxidants from conventionally or organically grown red and golden beets (Beta vulgaris L.), using twenty solvent (S1eS20) mixtures containing water, methanol, and ethanol alone or with acids (ascorbic, formic, acetic). Red beetroot extracted with methanol with or without acid had the highest betanin content (2791.0 mg/g and 8222.3 mg/g of fresh weight [FW], respectively) and golden beetroot extracted with methanol/ascorbic acid/water had the highest vulgaxanthin I (193.7 mg/g and 15.0 …

Food Preservative Sorbic Acid Deregulates Hepatic Fatty Acid Metabolism, Chia-Hui Chen, Sin-Ni Ho, Po-An Hu, Yu Ru Kou, Tzong-Shyuan Lee

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Sorbic acid (SA) is one of the most commonly used food preservatives worldwide. Despite SA having no hepatotoxicity at legal dosages, its effect on hepatic lipid metabolism is still unclear. We investigated the effect of SA on hepatic lipid metabolism and its mechanism of action in C57BL/6 mice. Daily treatment with SA (1 g/kg in diet) for 4 weeks did not alter the body weight, organ weight, and blood lipids in mice. However, hepatic lipid accumulation, particularly that of triglycerides, fatty acids, and glycerol, but not cholesteryl ester and free cholesterol, was increased with SA treatment. Mechanistically, SA decreased the …

The Potential Role Of Phenolic Compounds On Modulating Gut Microbiota In Obesity, Gow-Chin Yen, Hsin-Lin Cheng, Li-Yu Lin, Shiuan-Chih Chen, Chin Lin Hsu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Obesity is a rising public health issue and challenge which is tightly correlated with socio-economic development paralleled with increased energy intake and sedentary behavior that subsequently cause adipose tissue accumulation. Physiological and metabolic status changes during obesity development have been suggested with low grade inflammation of gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbiota plays an essential role in regulating whole body energy metabolism and also lipid accumulation, and immunity of host. However, the detail mechanism of which the gut microbiota composition influence obesity development in humans still need deeper investigation owing to the complex pathophysiology of such disease. Recently, the consumption of …

Quercetin And Vitamin C: An Experimental, Synergistic Therapy For The Prevention And Treatment Of Sars-Cov-2 Related Disease (Covid-19), Ruben Manuel Luciano Colunga Biancatelli, Max Berrill, John D. Catravas, Paul Ellis Marik

Bioelectrics Publications

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents an emergent global threat which is straining worldwide healthcare capacity. As of May 27th, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has resulted in more than 340,000 deaths worldwide, with 100,000 deaths in the US alone. It is imperative to study and develop pharmacological treatments suitable for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Ascorbic acid is a crucial vitamin necessary for the correct functioning of the immune system. It plays a role in stress response and has shown promising results when administered to the critically ill. Quercetin is a well-known flavonoid whose antiviral properties …

Toxicity Studies Of 1'-S-1'-Acetoxychavicol Acetate In Rat Model, Ali Abdalla Yasir Osman

Student Works (2020-2029)

Natural compounds are the main source of therapeutic molecules for various diseases in this era, and most of the current medicines are derived from plants, microorganisms or animals. Nevertheless, the safety profile of these natural compounds has to be confirmed prior to their medicinal use. 1'-S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), a type of phenylpropanoid extracted from Alpinia conchigera Griff., is one of the natural compounds being investigated for its potential therapeutic purposes. ACA was previously reported to reduce tumour volume in athymic mice at the effective dose of 1.56 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally and induce apoptotic death of tumour cells through the …

Indomethacin Exposure Is Associated With Birthweight In Extremely Preterm Infants: Non-Standard Exposure With Standard Weight-Based Dosing, Bradley C. Stockard

Research Days

No abstract provided.

Shuxuening Injection Facilitates Neurofunctional Recovery Via Down-Regulation Of G-Csf-Mediated Granulocyte Adhesion And Diapedesis Pathway In A Subacute Stroke Mouse Model, Zhixiong Li, Guangxu Xiao, Ming Lyu, Yule Wang, Shuang He, Hongxia Du, Xintong Wang, Benjamin Feng, Yan Zhu

Peer Reviewed Articles

Post-stroke neural damage is a serious health concern which does not yet have an effective treatment. We have shown previously that Shuxuening injection (SXNI), a Ginkgo biloba extract-based natural medicine, protects brain after an acute ischemic stroke, but its efficacy for post-stroke recovery is not known. This study was to investigate whether SXNI can improve the prognosis of stroke at a subacute phase. Mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) were established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and drugs or saline were injected by the tail vein every 12 h after reperfusion. The therapeutic effect of SXNI was evaluated by …

Hiv-1 Tat Interactions With Opioids Are Modulated By Progesterone And Estradiol, Dejun Jackson

Honors Theses

HIV infection and combined substance abuse are comorbid epidemics. Previous studies show that concurrent opioid drug use may potentiate HIV-1-mediated neurotoxicity partly via interactions with opioids. Preclinical studies suggest that the HIV-1 trans-activator of transcription (Tat), an HIV regulatory protein, can synergize with opioids to exacerbate its already neurotoxic effects. However, its interactions with clinical opioids, such as oxycodone, have yet to be elucidated. Additionally, Tat disrupts a number of systems including the dopaminergic system, which contribute to its capacity to potentiate the rewarding effects of abused drugs. Although the neurotoxic effects of Tat may be inhibited by gonadal steroids …

Impacts Of Embryonic Exposure To Cannabidiol Or ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol On Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Frailty In F0 And F1 Generations, Anika Faruque

Honors Theses

Exposure to cannabinoids during critical development periods has increased with epileptic children being commonly prescribed CBD for seizures and pregnant women taking it recreationally. Many studies have been done on the possible benefits and drawbacks of cannabinoid exposure on the human brain, but not much is known about how it can affect the developing brain long-term. To see the potential adverse effects of cannabinoid exposure during critical stages of development and discover potential developmental origins of disease in consuming cannabinoids during embryogenesis, zebrafish embryos (6-96 hours post fertilization) were exposed to varying concentrations of CBD (0.02, 0.1, 0.5 µM), THC …

The Impact Of Age/Rage Signaling On Oxidative Stress Under Diabetic Conditions In Cardiac Fibroblasts, Christopher Dorroh

Honors Theses

Diabetes is a major health concern in the United States, with 1.5 million new cases diagnosed each year. Patients who suffer from diabetes have an increased risk of developing heart failure, a form of cardiovascular disease. Heart failure has been shown to result from increased left ventricular stiffness, which in turn is caused by increased remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This increase in ECM remodeling is a result of AGE/RAGE signaling, which occurs at a heightened level in the cardiac fibroblast cells of diabetics. Studies have shown that diabetics have elevated levels of AGEs (Advanced Glycation End-Products), which bind …

Long-Distance Phasing Of A Tentative "Enhancer" Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism With Yp2d6 Star Allele Definitions, Erin C. Boone, Wendy Y. Wang, R Gaedigk, Mariana Cherner, Anick Bérard, J Steven Leeder, Neil A. Miller, Andrea Gaedigk

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background: The CYP2D6 gene locus has been extensively studied over decades, yet a portion of variability in CYP2D6 activity cannot be explained by known sequence variations within the gene, copy number variation, or structural rearrangements. It was proposed that rs5758550, located 116 kb downstream of the CYP2D6 gene locus, increases gene expression and thus contributes to variability in CYP2D6 activity. This finding has, however, not been validated. The purpose of the study was to address a major technological barrier, i.e., experimentally linking rs5758550, also referred to as the "enhancer" single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), to CYP2D6 haplotypes >100 kb away. To overcome …

Cluster Determinant 44 (Cd44) Receptor And Gout: Mechanistic Role In Pathogenesis And Therapeutic Targets, Emira Bousoik

Pharmaceutical Sciences (PhD) Dissertations

Gout is considered one of the most common forms of arthritis. It is characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, redness, and swelling in the joints. Management of acute gout attacks remains suboptimal, and hospitalizations due to poorly controlled flares have significantly increased over the past two decades. Colchicine is considered one of the first-line treatments for the relief of the symptoms associated with gout attacks. However, the use of colchicine for gout therapy has limitations due to the severe adverse effects, including fatalities. Acute gout is caused by deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in peripheral joints and surrounding …

Levels Of Parp1-Immunoreactivity In The Human Brain In Major Depressive Disorder, Aamir Shaikh

Undergraduate Honors Theses

MDD is a severe and debilitating disorder that is associated with a growing global economic burden due to reduced workplace productivity along with increased healthcare resource utilization. Furthermore, depression markedly enhances the risk for suicide, mortality that is especially worrisome given that 30% of depressed individuals have an inadequate response to current antidepressants. This inadequacy of antidepressants necessitates the discovery of a better understanding of the pathobiology of MDD. Most current antidepressants work through monoamine neurotransmitters, and their relative efficacy in depression led to the now dated monoamine-deficiency hypothesis. The limited usefulness of antidepressants has led to a reinvigorated search …

Phospholipid Remodeling Via Exogenous Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Uptake Modulates Stress Resistance In Vibrio Cholerae, William Strike

Honors Theses

Antibiotic-resistant pathogens represent an escalating threat to public health worldwide, substantially increasing the burden of healthcare and community-acquired infections. Several factors contribute to the emergence and spread of this threat, including but not limited to improper antibiotic use and prescriptions in health-care settings and the community, increasing global travel and migration from countries that have higher levels of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, and a lack of new antibiotics under development. According to the World Health Organization, rising rates of resistance among Gram-negative bacteria (such as Vibrio cholerae) are of particular concern. These bacteria have evolved a number of endogenous membrane remodeling strategies …

Baclofen-Induced Changes In The Resting Brain Modulate Smoking Cue Reactivity: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study In Cigarette Smokers, Ariel Ketcherside, Kanchana Jagannathan, Sudipto Dolui, Nathan Hager, Nathaniel Spilka, Chaela Nutor, Hengyi Rao, Teresa Franklin, Reagan Wetherill

Psychology Faculty Publications

Objective: Smoking cue-(SC) elicited craving can lead to relapse in SC-vulnerable individuals. Thus, identifying treatments that target SC-elicited craving is a top research priority. Reduced drug cue neural activity is associated with recovery and is marked by a profile of greater tonic (resting) activation in executive control regions, and increased connectivity between executive and salience regions. Evidence suggests the GABA-B agonist baclofen can reduce drug cue-elicited neural activity, potentially through its actions on the resting brain. Based on the literature, we hypothesize that baclofen’s effects in the resting brain can predict its effects during SC exposure.

Methods: In this longitudinal, …

Microrna Expression Profiling Of Normal And Malignant Human Colonic Stem Cells Identifies, Vignesh Viswanathan, Lynn Opdenaker, Shirin Modarai, Jeremy Z Fields, Gregory Gonye, Bruce M Boman

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a critical role in regulating stem cells (SCs) during development, and because aberrant expression of miRNAs occurs in various cancers, our goal was to determine if dysregulation of miRNAs is involved in the SC origin of colorectal cancer (CRC). We previously reported that aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is a marker for normal and malignant human colonic SCs and tracks SC overpopulation during colon tumorigenesis. MicroRNA expression was studied in ALDH-positive SCs from normal and malignant human colon tissues by Nanostring miRNA profiling. Our findings show that: (1) A unique miRNA signature distinguishes ALDH-positive CRC cells from ALDH-positive normal …

Association Of Long-Term Consumption Of Repeatedly Heated Mix Vegetable Oils In Different Doses And Hepatic Toxicity Through Fat Accumulation, Gul Ambreen, Afshan Siddiq, Kashif Hussain

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Background: Hepatic diseases are one of the chief reasons for worldwide morbidity and mortality. The increased incidence in Asian countries is driving researchers to explore preventive ways from nature. It is more practical to go with healthy routine edibles like vegetable oils to avoid environmental and chemical hepatic injuries. With the use of thermally oxidized oils overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with overwhelmed cellular antioxidants defense system results in oxidative stress, the known cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Little is investigated about the effect of daily used oxidized cooking oils on hepatic function changes with …

Tip60 Regulation Of Δnp63Α Is Associated With Cisplatin Resistance, Akshay Hira, Andrew Stacy, Jin Zhang, Michael P. Craig, Madhavi Kadakia

Celebration of Undergraduate & Graduate Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities Materials

About 5.4 million basal and squamous cell skin cancers are diagnosed every year in the US. ΔNp63a, a member of the p53 transcription factor family, is overexpressed in non-melanoma skin cancer and regulates cell survival, migration and invasion. TIP60 is histone acetyltransferase (HAT) which mediates cellular processes such as transcription and the DNA damage response (DDR). Previous studies in our lab have shown that overexpression of TIP60 induces ΔNp63a protein stabilization in a catalytic-dependent manner. Since ΔNp63a is known to transcriptionally regulate several DDR genes and promote cisplatin resistance, its stabilization by TIP60 may contribute to the failure of platinum-based …

Α-Tocopherol Succinate Nanostructured Lipid Carriers For The Ocular Delivery Of The Anti-Neoplastic Agent, Sushrut Marathe

Graduate Student Council Research Grants

Overview: Retinoblastoma (RB) is a rare form of cancer that rapidly develops from the immature cells of the retina, the light-detecting tissue of the eye. The treatment options of RB has been limited to enucleation, external beam radiotherapy, episcleral plaque radiotherapy and cryotherapy. α-Tocopherol succinate(αTS), has been proven to an effective apoptogenic agent. It can enhance the efficiency of the anticancer agent1. Paclitaxel (Ptx) is a potent chemo agent and is widely used in the treatment of various types of cancers. However, clinical use of Paclitaxelis limited by systemic toxicity, rapid clearance and resistance 2,3.The formulation of paclitaxel poses the …