Designing Primers And Evaluation Of The Efficiency Of Propidium Monoazide – Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction For Counting The Viable Cells Of Lactobacillus Gasseri And Lactobacillus Salivarius,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Designing Primers And Evaluation Of The Efficiency Of Propidium Monoazide – Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction For Counting The Viable Cells Of Lactobacillus Gasseri And Lactobacillus Salivarius, C.-H. Lai, S.-R. Wu, J.-C. Pang, L. Ramireddy, Y.-C. Chiang, C.-K. Lin, H.-Y. Tsen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of using propidium monoazide (PMA) real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to count the viable cells of Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus salivarius in probiotic products. Based on the internal transcription spacer and 23S rRNA genes, two primer sets specific for these two Lactobacillus species were designed. For a probiotic product, the total deMan Rogosa Sharpe plate count was 8.65 ± 0.69 log CFU/g, while for qPCR, the cell counts of L. gasseri and L. salivarius were 8.39 ± 0.14 log CFU/g and 8.57 ± 0.24 log CFU/g, respectively. Under the …
Cytotoxic And Antioxidant Capacity Of Camel Milk Peptides: Effects Of Isolated Peptide On Superoxide Dismutase And Catalase Gene Expression,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Cytotoxic And Antioxidant Capacity Of Camel Milk Peptides: Effects Of Isolated Peptide On Superoxide Dismutase And Catalase Gene Expression, M. Homayouni-Tabrizi, A. Asoodeh, M. Soltani
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Peptides from natural sources such as milk are shown to have a wide spectrum of biological activities. In this study, three peptides with antioxidant capacity were identified from camel milk protein hydrolysate. Pepsin and pancreatin were used for hydrolysis of milk proteins. Ultrafiltration and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography were used for the concentration and purification of the hydrolysate, respectively. Sequences of the three peptides, which were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight spectrophotometry, were LEEQQQTEDEQQDQL [molecular weight (MW): 1860.85 Da, LL-15], YLEELHRLNAGY (MW: 1477.63 Da, YY-11), and RGLHPVPQ (MW: 903.04 Da, RQ-8). The 3-(4,5-dimethylthia-zol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to evaluate …
Novel Electrochemical Xanthine Biosensor Based On Chitosan–Polypyrrole–Gold Nanoparticles Hybrid Bio-Nanocomposite Platform,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Novel Electrochemical Xanthine Biosensor Based On Chitosan–Polypyrrole–Gold Nanoparticles Hybrid Bio-Nanocomposite Platform, M. Dervisevic, E. Dervisevic, E. Çevik, M. Şenel
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The aim of this study was the electrochemical detection of the adenosine-3-phosphate degradation product, xanthine, using a new xanthine biosensor based on a hybrid bio-nanocomposite platform which has been successfully employed in the evaluation of meat freshness. In the design of the amperometric xanthine biosensor, chitosan–polypyrrole–gold nanoparticles fabricated by an in situ chemical synthesis method on a glassy carbon electrode surface was used to enhance electron transfer and to provide good enzyme affinity. Electrochemical studies were carried out by the modified electrode with immobilized xanthine oxidase on it, after which the biosensor was tested to ascertain the optimization parameters. The …
Microencapsulation Of Fish Oil Using Supercritical Antisolvent Process,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Microencapsulation Of Fish Oil Using Supercritical Antisolvent Process, F.T. Karim, K. Ghafoor, S. Ferdosh, F. Al-Juhaimi, E. Ali, K.B. Yunus, M.H. Hamed, A. Islam, M. Asif, I.S.M. Zaidul
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In order to improve the encapsulation process, a newly supercritical antisolvent process was developed to encapsulate fish oil using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose as a polymer. Three factors, namely, temperature, pressure, and feed emulsion rate were optimized using response surface methodology. The suitability of the model for predicting the optimum response value was evaluated at the conditions of temperature at 60°C, pressure at 150 bar, and feed rate at 1.36 mL/min. At the optimum conditions, particle size of 58.35 μm was obtained. The surface morphology of the micronized fish oil was also evaluated using field emission scanning electron microscopy where it …
Microbiological, Histological, And Biochemical Evidence For The Adverse Effects Of Food Azo Dyes On Rats,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Microbiological, Histological, And Biochemical Evidence For The Adverse Effects Of Food Azo Dyes On Rats, K. Elbanna, O.M. Sarhan, M. Khider, M. Elmogy, H.H. Abulreesh, M.R. Shaaban
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In this study, 120 lactic acid bacterial strains from different fermented dairy products as well as 10 bacterial intestinal isolates were evaluated for in vitro and in vivo degradation of various food azo dyes. Of these isolates, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains 13 and 100 and the intestinal isolates Ent2 and Eco5 exhibited 96–98% degradation of the tested food azo dyes within 5–6 hours. High performance liquid chromatography mass spectra of sunset yellow (E110) and carmoisine (E122) anaerobic degradation products by the intestinal isolates showed that they were structurally related to toxic aromatic amines. For an in vivo study, eight …
Evaluation Of The Prebiotic Effects Of Citrus Pectin Hydrolysate,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Evaluation Of The Prebiotic Effects Of Citrus Pectin Hydrolysate, Y.-Y. Ho, C.-M. Lin, M.-C. Wu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Citrus pectin enzyme hydrolysate (PEH) of different hydrolysis time intervals (6 hours, PEH-6; 12 hours, PEH-12; 24 hours, PEH-24; or 48 hours, PEH-48) or concentrations (1%, 2%, and 4%) was tested for its growth stimulation effect on two probiotics, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Higher monosaccharide concentrations and smaller molecular weights of PEHs were obtained by prolonging the hydrolysis time. In addition, higher PEH concentrations resulted in significantly higher (p < 0.05) probiotic populations, pH reduction, and increase in total titratable acidity than the glucose-free MRS negative control. Furthermore, significantly higher populations in the low pH environment and longer survival time in nonfat milk (p < 0.05) were observed when the two probiotics were incubated in media supplemented with 2% PEH-24, than in glucose and the negative control. In comparison with other prebiotics, addition of 2% PEH-24 resulted in a more significant increase in the probiotic population (p < 0.05) than in the commercial prebiotics. This study demonstrated that PEH derived from citrus pectin could be an effective prebiotic to enhance the growth, fermentation, acid tolerance, and survival in nonfat milk for the tested probiotics. © 2017
Assessment Of Rosehips Based On The Content Of Their Biologically Active Compounds,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Assessment Of Rosehips Based On The Content Of Their Biologically Active Compounds, A. Bhave, V. Schulzova, H. Chmelarova, L. Mrnka, J. Hajslova
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In this study, an in-depth analysis of the unique set of rosehip samples from 71 Rosa genotypes was conducted with the aim to identify the most suitable ones for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries based on the content of biologically active compounds. In the first part of our experiments, the antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and the genotypes with the highest values were selected for the follow-up analysis. In the second part of experiments, the major classes of biologically active compounds in rosehips such as carotenoids, tocopherols, flavonoids, and triterpenoic acids were further quantified using liquid …
Convenient Uv-Spectrophotometric Determination Of Citrates In Aqueous Solutions With Applications In The Pharmaceutical Analysis Of Oral Electrolyte Formulations,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Convenient Uv-Spectrophotometric Determination Of Citrates In Aqueous Solutions With Applications In The Pharmaceutical Analysis Of Oral Electrolyte Formulations, S. Krukowski, M. Karasiewicz, W. Kolodziejski
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Herein, we present a convenient method for quantitative spectrophotometric determination of citrate ions in aqueous solutions in the middle-UV range. It involves measuring the absorbance of citric acid at 209 nm under suppressed dissociation at pH < 1.0 in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Validation of the method was performed according to the guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization. A very good linear dependence of the absorbance on concentration (r2 = 0.9999) was obtained in a citrate concentration range of 0.5–5.0 mmol/L. This method is characterized by excellent precision and accuracy; the coefficient of variation in each case is below the maximal permissible value (%RSD < 2). The proposed analytical procedure has been successfully applied to the determination of citrates in oral electrolyte formulations. © 2017
Therapeutic Effects Of D-Aspartate In A Mouse Model Of Multiple Sclerosis,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Therapeutic Effects Of D-Aspartate In A Mouse Model Of Multiple Sclerosis, S. Afraei, A. D'Aniello, R. Sedaghat, P. Ekhtiari, G. Azizi, N. Tabrizian, L. Magliozzi, Z. Aghazadeh, A. Mirshafiey
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis. EAE is mainly mediated by adaptive and innate immune responses that leads to an inflammatory demyelization and axonal damage. The aim of the present research was to examine the therapeutic efficacy of D-aspartic acid (D-Asp) on a mouse EAE model. EAE induction was performed in female C57BL/6 mice by myelin 40 oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55) in a complete Freund's adjuvant emulsion, and D-Asp was used to test its efficiency in the reduction of EAE. During the course of study, clinical evaluation was assessed, and on Day 21, post-immunization blood samples …
An Analysis Method For Flavan-3-Ols Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With A Fluorescence Detector,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
An Analysis Method For Flavan-3-Ols Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With A Fluorescence Detector, L. Wang, Y. Yamashita, A. Saito, H. Ashida
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Procyanidins belong to a family of flavan-3-ols, which consist of monomers, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, and their oligomers and polymers, and are distributed in many plant-derived foods. Procyanidins are reported to have many beneficial physiological activities, such as antihypertensive and anticancer effects. However, the bioavailability of procyanidins is not well understood owing to a lack of convenient and high-sensitive analysis methods. The aim of this study was to develop an improved method for determining procyanidin content in both food materials and biological samples. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a fluorescence detector was used in this study. The limits of …
New Psychoactive Substances Of Natural Origin: A Brief Review,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
New Psychoactive Substances Of Natural Origin: A Brief Review, L.-Y. Feng, A. Battulga, E. Han, H. Chung, J.-H. Li
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Plant-based drugs of abuse are as old as recorded human history. Although traditional addictive substances, such as opium, cannabis and coca, have been controlled by the United Nations anti-drug conventions, many, if not most, natural plants with addictive or abuse liability remain elusive. Therefore, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has warned the emerging threat from new psychoactive substances (NPS), which are mostly derived or modified from the constituents of natural origin. For example, synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones are derived from the cannabis and khat plant, respectively. In this review, we briefly discussed the chemistry, pharmacology …
Safety Of Frozen Liver For Human Consumption,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Safety Of Frozen Liver For Human Consumption, G.A.K. Kirrella, A.M.M. Deeb, R.M.I. Abdallah
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The objective of this study was to ensure and evaluate the safety of imported frozen beef liver traded in supermarkets of Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, through detection of Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidies, Escherichia coli O157:H7, antibiotic residues, and aflatoxin B1 residue. Fifty samples of imported frozen liver were randomly collected from different shops at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate for isolation of S. typhimurium, S. enteritidies, and E. coli O157:H7. The results revealed that for both microorganisms 4% of the examined samples presumed to contain Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 organisms, according to the colonial character on Harlequin Salmonella ABC agar media …
The Detoxifying Effects Of Structural Elements Of Persimmon Tannin On Chinese Cobra Phospholipase A2 Correlated With Their Structural Disturbing Effects Well,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
The Detoxifying Effects Of Structural Elements Of Persimmon Tannin On Chinese Cobra Phospholipase A2 Correlated With Their Structural Disturbing Effects Well, Y. Zhang, C.-M. Li
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The effects of persimmon tannin (PT) characteristic structural elements on Naja atra phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-induced lethality, myotoxicity, and hemolysis in mice models were determined. In addition, methods including surface plasmon resonance, dynamic light scattering, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were explored to uncover the possible detoxifying mechanisms of PT on snake venom PLA2. Our results revealed that PT characteristic elements (EGCG, ECG, A-type EGCG dimer, and A-type ECG dimer) could neutralize the lethality, myotoxicity, and hemolysis of PLA2. Moreover, the detoxifying effects of the four structural elements correlated with their structural disturbing effects well. Our results proved that A-type EGCG …
Fast And Simple Method For Semiquantitative Determination Of Calcium Propionate In Bread Samples,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Fast And Simple Method For Semiquantitative Determination Of Calcium Propionate In Bread Samples, C.M. Phechkrajang, S. Yooyong
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Calcium propionate has been widely used as a preservative in bakery and in bread. It is sometimes not carefully used, or a high concentration is added to preserve products. High consumption of calcium propionate can lead to several health problems. This study aims to develop a fast and simple semiquantitative method based on color complex formation for the determination of calcium propionate in a bread sample. A red–brown complex was obtained from the reaction of ferric ammonium sulfate and propionate anion. The product was rapidly formed and easily observed with the concentration of propionate anion >0.4 mg/mL. A high-performance liquid …
Antibacterial Activity And Interactions Of Plant Essential Oil Combinations Against Gram-Positive And Gram-Negative Bacteria,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Antibacterial Activity And Interactions Of Plant Essential Oil Combinations Against Gram-Positive And Gram-Negative Bacteria, C.A. Semeniuc, C.R. Pop, A.M. Rotar
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial effects of several essential oils (EOs) alone and in combination against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria associated with food products. Parsley, lovage, basil, and thyme EOs, as well as their mixtures (1:1, v/v), were tested against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium. The inhibitory effects ranged from strong (thyme EO against E. coli) to no inhibition (parsley EO against P. aeruginosa). Thyme EO exhibited strong (against E. coli), moderate (against S. typhimurium and B. cereus), or mild inhibitory effects (against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus), …
Curcumin Inhibits Adenosine Deaminase And Arginase Activities In Cadmium-Induced Renal Toxicity In Rat Kidney,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Curcumin Inhibits Adenosine Deaminase And Arginase Activities In Cadmium-Induced Renal Toxicity In Rat Kidney, A.J. Akinyemi, N. Onyebueke, O.A. Faboya, S.A. Onikanni, A. Fadaka, I. Olayide
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In this study, the effect of enzymes involved in degradation of renal adenosine and L-arginine was investigated in rats exposed to cadmium (Cd) and treated with curcumin, the principal active phytochemical in turmeric rhizome. Animals were divided into six groups (n = 6): saline/vehicle, saline/curcumin 12.5 mg/kg, saline/curcumin 25 mg/kg, Cd/vehicle, Cd/curcumin 12.5 mg/kg, and Cd/curcumin 25 mg/kg. The results of this study revealed that the activities of renal adenosine deaminase and arginase were significantly increased in Cd-treated rats when compared with the control (p < 0.05). However, co-treatment with curcumin inhibits the activities of these enzymes compared with Cd-treated rats. Furthermore, Cd intoxication increased the levels of some renal biomarkers (serum urea, creatinine, and electrolytes) and malondialdehyde level with a concomitant decrease in functional sulfhydryl group and nitric oxide (NO). However, co-treatment with curcumin at 12.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively, increases the nonenzymatic antioxidant status and NO in the kidney, with a concomitant decrease in the levels of malondialdehyde and renal biomarkers. Therefore, our results reinforce the importance of adenosine deaminase and arginase activities in Cd poisoning conditions and suggest some possible mechanisms of action by which curcumin prevent Cd-induced renal toxicity in rats. © 2016
Simultaneous Characterization And Quantification Of 17 Main Compounds In Rabdosia Rubescens By High Performance Liquid Chromatography,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Simultaneous Characterization And Quantification Of 17 Main Compounds In Rabdosia Rubescens By High Performance Liquid Chromatography, S. Guo, X. Cui, M. Jiang, L. Bai, X. Tian, T. Guo, Q. Liu, L. Zhang, C.-T. Ho, N. Bai
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Rabdosia rubescens is a healthy herbal tea and well-known Chinese medicinal herb. To evaluate the quality of R. rubescens from China, a high performance liquid chromatography method with dual-wavelength detection was developed and validated. The method was successfully applied for the simultaneous characterization and quantification of 17 main constituents from four different cultivation regions in China. Under optimal conditions, analysis was performed on a Luna C-18 column and gradient elution with a solvent system of acetonitrile and 0.5% (v/v) acetic acid–water at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and wavelength of 220 nm and 280 nm. All standard calibration curves …
A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Study To Determine The Effect Of Ankascin 568 Plus On Blood Glucose Regulation,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Study To Determine The Effect Of Ankascin 568 Plus On Blood Glucose Regulation, Y.-R. Wang, S.-F. Liu, Y.-C. Shen, C.-L. Chen, C.-N. Huang, T.-M. Pan, C.-K. Wang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Diabetes is the fourth major cause of death in Taiwan. High blood glucose can lead to macrovascular diseases, small vessel diseases (retinopathy, kidney disease), and neuropathy. This study aimed to investigate whether Monascus-fermented products (ANKASCIN 568 plus) can regulate blood glucose and blood lipids. This study enrolled 39 patients with a fasting blood glucose level between 100 mg/dL and 180 mg/dL, and a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of < 9%. All patients were randomly divided into placebo (n = 20) and experimental (n = 19) groups. Each patient received two placebo capsules (maltodextrin) or ANKASCIN 568 plus capsules daily for 12 weeks. The patients were screened during follow-up 4 weeks after the administration of sample or placebo had been discontinued. Blood and urine samples were collected at the initial, 6th week, 12th week, and 16th week. The anthropometric indicators of blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose level, postprandial plasma glucose level, insulin level, insulin resistance, blood lipid changes, and liver, kidney, and thyroid function indices were measured. After 6 weeks, changes in fasting blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and total cholesterol (TC) levels showed that ANKASCIN 568 plus had a more favorable effect than the placebo. Compared to baseline, a statistically significant decrease of 8.5%, 10.3%, and 7.5% was observed in fasting blood glucose, LDL-C and, TC levels, respectively (p < 0.05 for all pairs). Therefore, ANKASCIN 568 plus produced by Monascus purpureus NTU 568 fermentation may be a potentially useful agent for the regulation of blood glucose and blood lipids and for treatment of coronary artery diseases.
Effect Of Oleuropein Against Chemotherapy Drug-Induced Histological Changes, Oxidative Stress, And Dna Damages In Rat Kidney Injury,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effect Of Oleuropein Against Chemotherapy Drug-Induced Histological Changes, Oxidative Stress, And Dna Damages In Rat Kidney Injury, F. Geyikoglu, M. Emir, S. Colak, K. Koc, H. Turkez, M. Bakir, M. Hosseinigouzdagani, S. Cerig, O.N. Keles, N.S. Ozek
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is responsible for a large number of renal failures, and it is still associated with high rates of mortality today. Oleuropein (OLE) presents a plethora of pharmacological beneficial properties. In this study we investigated whether OLE could provide sufficient protection against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. With this aim, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups: control; 7 mg/kg/d cisplatin, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg OLE; and treatment with OLE for 3 days starting at 24 hours following cisplatin injection. After exposure to the chemotherapy agent and OLE, oxidative DNA damage was quantitated in the renal tissue of experimental …
Averrhoa Bilimbi Fruits Attenuate Hyperglycemia-Mediated Oxidative Stress In Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Averrhoa Bilimbi Fruits Attenuate Hyperglycemia-Mediated Oxidative Stress In Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats, S.B. Kurup, S. Mini
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of diabetic complications. Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. (Oxalidaceae) is a medicinal plant with fruits reported to possess antidiabetic activity. This study evaluated the beneficial effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of A. bilimbi fruit (ABAEE) on the antioxidant/oxidant status in diabetes mellitus. Diabetic rats were treated orally with the ethyl acetate fraction of A. bilimbi fruits at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight for 60 days. Serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, plasma insulin, hepatic toxicity markers, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation products, and liver histopathology were assayed checked after 60 days of …
