Dunaliella Salina Alga Extract Inhibits The Production Of Interleukin-6, Nitric Oxide, And Reactive Oxygen Species By Regulating Nuclear Factor-Κb/Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription In Virus-Infected Raw264.7 Cells,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Dunaliella Salina Alga Extract Inhibits The Production Of Interleukin-6, Nitric Oxide, And Reactive Oxygen Species By Regulating Nuclear Factor-Κb/Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription In Virus-Infected Raw264.7 Cells, H.-W. Lin, C.-W. Liu, D.-J. Yang, C.-C. Chen, S.-Y. Chen, J.-K. Tseng, T.-J. Chang, Y.-Y. Chang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Recent investigations have demonstrated that carotenoid extract of Dunaliella salina alga (Alga) contains abundant β-carotene and has good anti-inflammatory activities. Murine macrophage (RAW264.7 cells) was used to establish as an in vitro model of pseudorabies virus-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) response. In this study, antioxidant activities of Alga were measured based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assays, reducing power, and virus-induced ROS formation in RAW264.7 cells. Anti-inflammatory activities of Alga were assessed by its ability to inhibit the production of interleukin-6 and nitric oxide (NO) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, then the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator …
Determination Of Underivatized Amino Acids To Evaluate Quality Of Beer By Capillary Electrophoresis With Online Sweeping Technique,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Determination Of Underivatized Amino Acids To Evaluate Quality Of Beer By Capillary Electrophoresis With Online Sweeping Technique, T. Luo, J. Ke, Y. Xie, Y. Dong
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with ultraviolet detection was applied to determine underivatized amino acids in beer, based on the coordination interaction of copper ions and amino acids. An online sweeping technique was combined with CE to improve detection sensitivity. Using the United Nations Food Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization model of essential amino acid pattern and flavor of amino acids, the quality and taste in three kinds of beer were evaluated. It was found that Beer2 had higher quality than the other two kinds and the content of phenylalanine, proline, serine, and isoleucine was relatively large in all three kinds of beers …
The Impact Of Gallic Acid On The Methotrexate-Induced Kidney Damage In Rats,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
The Impact Of Gallic Acid On The Methotrexate-Induced Kidney Damage In Rats, H. Asci, O. Ozmen, H.Y. Ellidag, B. Aydin, E. Bas, N. Yilmaz
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Prolonged use of an antineoplastic agent methotrexate (MTX), can cause numerous side effects such as nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of MTX on kidneys and demonstrate the protective effects of gallic acid (GA). Twenty-four, male, rats distributed into three groups. Each groups consisted eight rats and only saline was administered to the control group. The MTX group received a single dose (20 mg/kg) MTX intraperitoneally. The MTX + GA group received same dose MTX and 100 mg/kg GA orally during the 7 days. Renal functions, oxidative stress markers, histopathological and immunohistochemical changes were evaluated …
Identification Of Cow Milk In Goat Milk By Nonlinear Chemical Fingerprint Technique,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Identification Of Cow Milk In Goat Milk By Nonlinear Chemical Fingerprint Technique, Y.-J. Ma, W.-B. Dong, C. Fan, E.-D. Wang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The objective of this paper was to develop a nonlinear chemical fingerprint technique for identifying and detecting adulteration of goat milk with cow milk. In this study, by taking the Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillatory chemical reaction using acetone and substrates in goat milk or cow milk as main dissipative substances, when the same dosage of goat milk and cow milk was introduced to the “H+ + Mn2+ + BrO3− + acetone” oscillating system respectively, nonlinear chemical fingerprints were obtained for goat milk and cow milk from the same origin. The results showed that inductive time value and the content of cow milk …
Anti-Oxidant Activity And Major Chemical Component Analyses Of Twenty-Six Commercially Available Essential Oils,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Anti-Oxidant Activity And Major Chemical Component Analyses Of Twenty-Six Commercially Available Essential Oils, H.-F. Wang, K.-H. Yih, C.-H. Yang, K.-F. Huang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
This study analyzed 26 commercially available essential oils and their major chemical components to determine their antioxidant activity levels by measuring their total phenolic content (TPC), reducing power (RP), β-carotene bleaching (BCB) activity, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging (DFRS) ability. The clove bud and thyme borneol essential oils had the highest RP, BCB activity levels, and TPC values among the 26 commercial essential oils. Furthermore, of the 26 essential oils, the clove bud and ylang ylang complete essential oils had the highest TEAC values, and the clove bud and jasmine absolute essential oils had the …
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid-Derived Dna Adducts Are Common Toxicological Biomarkers Of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid N-Oxides,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid-Derived Dna Adducts Are Common Toxicological Biomarkers Of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid N-Oxides, X. He, Q. Xia, K. Woodling, G. Lin, P.P. Fu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
There are 660 pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and PA N-oxides present in the plants, with approximately half being possible carcinogens. We previously reported that a set of four PA-derived DNA adducts is formed in the liver of rats administered a series of hepatocarcinogenic PAs and a PA N-oxide. Based on our findings, we hypothesized that this set of DNA adducts is a common biological biomarker of PA-induced liver tumor formation. In this study, we determined that rat liver microsomal metabolism of five hepatocarcinogenic PAs (lasiocarpine, retrorsine, riddelliine, monocrotaline, and heliotrine) and their corresponding PA N-oxides produced the same set of DNA …
Effects Of Electrolysis Time And Electric Potential On Chlorine Generation Of Electrolyzed Deep Ocean Water,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effects Of Electrolysis Time And Electric Potential On Chlorine Generation Of Electrolyzed Deep Ocean Water, G.-S.W. Hsu, Y.-F. Lu, S.-Y. Hsu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Electrolyzed water is a sustainable disinfectant, which can comply with food safety regulations and is environmentally friendly. A two-factor central composite design was adopted for studying the effects of electrolysis time and electric potential on the chlorine generation efficiency of electrolyzed deep ocean water (DOW). DOW was electrolyzed in a glass electrolyzing cell equipped with platinum–plated titanium anode and cathode. The results showed that chlorine concentration reached maximal level in the batch process. Prolonged electrolysis reduced chlorine concentration in the electrolyte and was detrimental to electrolysis efficiency, especially under high electric potential conditions. Therefore, the optimal choice of electrolysis time …
Extraction And Quantification Of Polyphenols From Kinnow (Citrus Reticulate L.) Peel Using Ultrasound And Maceration Techniques,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Extraction And Quantification Of Polyphenols From Kinnow (Citrus Reticulate L.) Peel Using Ultrasound And Maceration Techniques, M.N. Safdar, T. Kausar, S. Jabbar, A. Mumtaz, K. Ahad, A.A. Saddozai
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
An investigation was carried out to extract polyphenols from the peel of kinnow (Citrus reticulate L.) by maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) techniques. The antioxidant potential of these polyphenols was evaluated using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and superoxide radical scavenging assays; and their antimicrobial activity was assessed against bacterial strains Staphyloccoccus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella typhimurium. The highest extraction yield was obtained through the solvent ethanol at 80% concentration level, whereas UAE was a more efficient technique and yielded comparatively higher polyphenol contents than maceration. Maximum polyphenols were extracted with 80% methanol [32.48 mg gallic acid …
Extraction Optimization Of Gallic Acid, (+)-Catechin, Procyanidin-B2, (–)-Epicatechin, (–)-Epigallocatechin Gallate, And (–)-Epicatechin Gallate: Their Simultaneous Identification And Quantification In Saraca Asoca,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Extraction Optimization Of Gallic Acid, (+)-Catechin, Procyanidin-B2, (–)-Epicatechin, (–)-Epigallocatechin Gallate, And (–)-Epicatechin Gallate: Their Simultaneous Identification And Quantification In Saraca Asoca, T. Dhanani, R. Singh, S. Kumar
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The objective of the present investigation was to optimize extraction conditions for maximum recovery of bioactive phenolics from different parts of Saraca asoca. Extraction recovery was optimized using a mixture of methanol and water in different proportions. For identification and quantification of six analytes, a rapid reversed phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) photo diode array detection method was developed. UPLC separation was achieved in a gradient elution mode on a C18 column with acetonitrile and aqueous phosphoric acid (0.1%, pH = 2.5). Extraction solvent for maximum recovery of analytes varied depending on the nature of matrices. The developed UPLC method …
Time Course Effects Of Fermentation On Fatty Acid And Volatile Compound Profiles Of Cheonggukjang Using New Soybean Cultivars,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Time Course Effects Of Fermentation On Fatty Acid And Volatile Compound Profiles Of Cheonggukjang Using New Soybean Cultivars, K.M. Cho, H.-J. Lim, M.-S. Kim, D.S. Kim, C.E. Hwang, S.H. Nam, O.S. Joo, B.W. Lee, J.K. Kim, E.-C. Shin
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In this study, we investigated the effects of the potential probiotic Bacillus subtilis CSY191 on the fatty acid profiles of Cheonggukjang, a fermented soybean paste, prepared using new Korean brown soybean cultivars, protein-rich cultivar (Saedanbaek), and oil-rich cultivar (Neulchan). Twelve fatty acids were identified in the sample set—myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, vaccenic, linoleic, α-linolenic, arachidic, gondoic, behenic, and lignoceric acids—yet, no specific changes driven by fermentation were noted in the fatty acid profiles. To further explore the effects of fermentation of B. subtilis CSY191, complete profiles of volatiles were monitored. In total, 121, 136, and 127 volatile compounds were …
Antibiofilm Activity Of Cashew Juice Pulp Against Staphylococcus Aureus, High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Diode Array Detection And Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analyses, And Interference On Antimicrobial Drugs,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Antibiofilm Activity Of Cashew Juice Pulp Against Staphylococcus Aureus, High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Diode Array Detection And Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analyses, And Interference On Antimicrobial Drugs, M.V. Dias-Souza, Santos R.M. Dos, Siqueira E.P. De, P.H. Ferreira-Marçal
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infections has evolved in recent years, as this species is a major Gram-positive pathogen associated with healthcare services. The antimicrobial resistance of this species raises an urgent need for new treatment strategies. Fruits play important nutritional and economic roles in society, but their biological and pharmacological features are poorly explored when compared to nonedible parts of plants such as barks and leaves. In this study, we show that the cashew apple juice [cashew juice pulp (CJP)] extract is active against the planktonic cells of S. aureus strains, and for the first time, we show that …
Physicochemical Analysis And Nonisothermal Kinetic Study Of Sertraline–Lactose Binary Mixtures,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Physicochemical Analysis And Nonisothermal Kinetic Study Of Sertraline–Lactose Binary Mixtures, F. Ghaderi, M. Nemati, M.R. Siahi-Shadbad, H. Valizadeh, F. Monajjemzadeh
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In the present study the physicochemical stability of sertraline with lactose was evaluated in drug-excipient binary mixtures. Different physicochemical methods such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry were applied to confirm the incompatibility. The final aim of this study was to evaluate the kinetic parameters using a fast and sensitive DSC method. Solid-state kinetic parameters were derived from nonisothermally stressed physical mixtures using different thermal models such as Friedman, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose. Overall, the instability of sertraline with lactose was successfully evaluated. Further confirmation was made by tracking the Maillard reaction product of sertraline and …
Validation And Assessment Of Matrix Effect And Uncertainty Of A Gas Chromatography Coupled To Mass Spectrometry Method For Pesticides In Papaya And Avocado Samples,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Validation And Assessment Of Matrix Effect And Uncertainty Of A Gas Chromatography Coupled To Mass Spectrometry Method For Pesticides In Papaya And Avocado Samples, N.S. Pano-Farias, S.G. Ceballos-Magaña, R. Muñiz-Valencia, J. Gonzalez
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In this paper a method of using the “quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe” (QuEChERS) extraction and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection (GC–MS) was developed for the analysis of five frequently applied pesticides in papaya and avocado. The selected pesticides, ametryn, atrazine, carbaryl, carbofuran, and methyl parathion, represent the most commonly used classes (carbamates, organophosphorous, and triazines). Optimum separation achieved the analysis of all pesticides in < 6.5 minutes. Validation using papaya and avocado samples established the proposed method as linear, accurate, and precise. In this sense, the correlation coefficients were > 0.99. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) in papaya ranged from 0.03 mg/kg to 0.35 mg/kg and from 0.06 mg/kg to 0.75 mg/kg, respectively. Meanwhile for avocado, LOD values …
Assessment Of Antibacterial Drug Residues In Milk For Consumption In Kosovo,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Assessment Of Antibacterial Drug Residues In Milk For Consumption In Kosovo, A. Rama, L. Lucatello, C. Benetti, G. Galina, D. Bajraktari
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of drug residues in the raw milk collected from individual farms and milk collection points during 2009–2010 in six different major regions of Kosovo (Prishtinë, Gjilan, Mitrovicë, Pejë, Gjakovë, Prizren). In the present study, a total of 1734 raw milk samples were collected, and qualitatively screened with two different tests, the Delvotest SP assay and an enzyme-linked receptor-binding assay (SNAP). Overall, 106 (6.11%) out of 1734 samples examined with Delvotest SP contained possible drug residues (5.12% and 7.51% of samples from 2009 and 2010, respectively). All suspect samples were further …
Nephroprotective Effect Of Paeonia Emodi Via Inhibition Of Advanced Glycation End Products And Oxidative Stress In Streptozotocin–Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Nephropathy,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Nephroprotective Effect Of Paeonia Emodi Via Inhibition Of Advanced Glycation End Products And Oxidative Stress In Streptozotocin–Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Nephropathy, L. Kishore, N. Kaur, R. Singh
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of alcohol (PA) and hydroalcohol (PHA) extract of Paeonia emodi Royale roots in treatment of streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Wistar rats by streptozotocin (65 mg/kg intraperitoneally) 15 minutes after nicotinamide (230 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) administration and diabetic nephropathy was assessed by measuring serum glucose, renal parameters (urea, uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen level) and lipid profile. The rats were treated with different doses of extracts (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg) for 45 days. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring tissue antioxidant enzymes level …
Identification Of An Exposure Risk To Heavy Metals From Pharmaceutical-Grade Rubber Stoppers,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Identification Of An Exposure Risk To Heavy Metals From Pharmaceutical-Grade Rubber Stoppers, X. Li, P. Qian
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Exposure to low concentrations of heavy metals and metalloids represents a well-documented risk to animal and human health. However, current standards (European Pharmacopeia [EP], United States Pharmacopoeia [USP], International Organization for Standardization [ISO], YBB concerned with rubber closures) only require testing for Zn in pharmaceutical-grade rubber stoppers and then using only pure water as a solvent. We extracted and quantified heavy metals and trace elements from pharmaceutical-grade rubber stoppers under conditions that might occur during the preparation of drugs. Pure water, saline, 10% glucose, 3% acetic acid (w/v), 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid, and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (4 mg/mL, 0.4 mg/mL, and …
Induction Of G2/M Arrest And Apoptosis Through Mitochondria Pathway By A Dimer Sesquiterpene Lactone From Smallanthus Sonchifolius In Hela Cells,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Induction Of G2/M Arrest And Apoptosis Through Mitochondria Pathway By A Dimer Sesquiterpene Lactone From Smallanthus Sonchifolius In Hela Cells, Y. Kitai, X. Zhang, Y. Hayashida, Y. Kakehi, H. Tamura
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Dimer sesquiterpene lactones (SLs), uvedafolin and enhydrofolin, against four monomer SLs isolated from yacon, Smallanthus sonchifolius, leaf were the most cytotoxic substances on HeLa cells (IC50 values 2.96–3.17 μM at 24 hours). However, the cytotoxic mechanism of dimer SL has not been elucidated yet. Therefore, in this study, we clarified the in vitro cytotoxic mechanism of uvedafolin on the HeLa cells, and evaluated the cytotoxicity against NIH/3T3 cells which were used as normal cells. In consequence, the dimer SLs had low toxicity for the NIH/3T3 cells (IC50 4.81–4.98 μM at 24 hours) and then the uvedafolin mediated cell cycle arrest …
Characterization And Hepatoprotective Activity Of Anthocyanins From Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas L. Cultivar Eshu No. 8),
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Characterization And Hepatoprotective Activity Of Anthocyanins From Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas L. Cultivar Eshu No. 8), L. Wang, Y. Zhao, Q. Zhou, C.-L. Luo, A.-P. Deng, Z.-C. Zhang, J.-L. Zhang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The hepatoprotective activity of anthocyanin-rich purple sweet potato extract (APSPE) was demonstrated. Sixty mice were randomly divided into six groups: control group [without carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or APSPE]; model group (with CCl4 only); positive control group (50 mg/kg body weight silymarin); low-dose group (100 mg/kg body weight APSPE); medium-dose group (200 mg/kg body weight APSPE); and high-dose group (400 mg/kg body weight APSPE). After 10 days intragastric administration of the respective supplements, the mice in all groups except control were injected intraperitoneally with CCl4 (0.15% in arachis oil, 10 mL/kg body weight, intravenous). Twelve hours after CCl4 injection, the mice …
An Ecofriendly Green Liquid Chromatographic Method For Simultaneous Determination Of Nicotinamide And Clindamycin Phosphate In Pharmaceutical Gel For Acne Treatment,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
An Ecofriendly Green Liquid Chromatographic Method For Simultaneous Determination Of Nicotinamide And Clindamycin Phosphate In Pharmaceutical Gel For Acne Treatment, F. Ibrahim, A.K. El-Deen, Abass S.A. El, K. Shimizu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A new green micellar liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of nicotinamide (NICO) and clindamycin phosphate (CLD) in bulk and pharmaceutical gel formulation. The analytes are well resolved in less than 6.0 minutes using micellar mobile phase consisting of 0.10M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 0.3% triethylamine, and 10% 2-propanol in 0.02M orthophosphoric acid at pH 3.0, running through an Eclipse XDB-C8 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) with flow rate 1.0 mL/min. The effluent was monitored with diode array detection at 210 nm. The retention times of NICO and CLD were …
Long-Chain Bases From Sea Cucumber Mitigate Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress And Inflammation In Obesity Mice,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Long-Chain Bases From Sea Cucumber Mitigate Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress And Inflammation In Obesity Mice, S. Hu, J. Wang, J. Wang, C. Xue, Y. Wang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation can induce hyperglycemia. Long-chain bases (LCBs) from sea cucumber exhibit antihyperglycemic activities. However, their effects on ER stress and inflammation are unknown. We investigated the effects of LCBs on ER stress and inflammatory response in high-fat, fructose diet-induced obesity mice. Reactive oxygen species and free fatty acids were measured. Inflammatory cytokines in serum and their mRNA expressions in epididymal adipose tissues were investigated. Hepatic ER stress-related key genes were detected. c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and nuclear factor κB inflammatory pathways were also evaluated in the liver. Results showed that LCBs reduced serum and hepatic reactive …
