Antioxidant And Antidiabetic Activities Of 11 Herbal Plants From Hyrcania Region, Iran,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Antioxidant And Antidiabetic Activities Of 11 Herbal Plants From Hyrcania Region, Iran, H. Dehghan, Y. Sarrafi, P. Salehi
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In the present study, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities, and total phenolic contents of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of various parts of Allium paradoxum, Buxus hyrcana, Convolvulus persicus, Eryngium caucasicum, Heracleum persicum, Pimpinella affinis, Parrotia persica, Primula heterochroma, Pyrus boissieriana, Ruscus hyrcanus, and Smilax excelsa were investigated. These plants, which mostly serve as food flavoring, were collected from Hyrcania region, Sari, Iran. Some extracts of H. persicum, S. excels, P. boissieriana, P. persica, and P. heterochroma exhibited significant antidiabetic activities in α-amylase and α-glucosidase assays, more effective than acarbose (concentrations that cause 50% inhibition = …
Effects Of Calcium Supplements On The Quality And Acrylamide Content Of Puffed Shrimp Chips,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effects Of Calcium Supplements On The Quality And Acrylamide Content Of Puffed Shrimp Chips, T.-Y. Chen, H.-M. Luo, P.-H. Hsu, W.-C. Sung
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The quality and acrylamide content of deep-fried and microwave-puffed shrimp chips fortified with 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1.0% calcium salts (calcium lactate, calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, or calcium acetate) were investigated. Microwave-puffed shrimp chips contained higher amounts of acrylamide (130.43 ppb) than did deep-fried shrimp chips. The greatest mitigation of acrylamide formation in overfried chips was obtained with 0.1% calcium lactate. All browning indexes of fortified shrimp chips, whether deep-fried or microwave-puffed, were reduced. L∗values of microwave-puffed shrimp chips were higher than those of deep-fried shrimp chips, whereas a∗and b∗values and browning indexes were lower. Color differences (ΔE) between deep-fried puffed …
Reduction Of Histamine And Biogenic Amines During Salted Fish Fermentation By Bacillus Polymyxa As A Starter Culture,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Reduction Of Histamine And Biogenic Amines During Salted Fish Fermentation By Bacillus Polymyxa As A Starter Culture, Y.-C. Lee, H.-F. Kung, C.-Y. Huang, T.-C. Huang, Y.-H. Tsai
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Bacillus polymyxa D05-1, isolated from salted fish product and possessing amine degrading activity, was used as a starter culture in salted fish fermentation in this study. Fermentation was held at 35°C for 120 days. The water activity in control samples (without starter culture) and inoculated samples (inoculated with B. polymyxa D05-1) remained constant throughout fermentation, whereas the pH value rose slightly during fermentation. Salt contents in both samples were constant in the range of 17.5-17.8% during the first 60 days of fermentation and thereafter increased slowly. The inoculated samples had considerably lower levels of total volatile basic nitrogen (p < 0.05) than control samples at each sampling time during 120 days of fermentation. Aerobic bacterial counts in inoculated samples were retarded during the first 60 days of fermentation and thereafter increased slowly, whereas those of control samples increased rapidly with increased fermentation time. However, the aerobic bacterial counts of control samples were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of inoculated samples after 40 days of fermentation. In general, overall biogenic amine contents (including histamine, putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine) in the control samples were markedly higher (p < 0.05) than those of the inoculated samples throughout fermentation. After 120 days of fermentation, the histamine and overall biogenic amine contents in the inoculated samples were reduced by 34.0% and 30.0%, respectively, compared to control samples. These results emphasize that the application of starter culture with amines degrading activity in salted fish products was effective in reducing biogenic amine accumulation. © 2015, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC.
Comparing Determination Methods Of Detection And Quantification Limits For Aflatoxin Analysis In Hazelnut,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Comparing Determination Methods Of Detection And Quantification Limits For Aflatoxin Analysis In Hazelnut, Ü. Şengül
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Hazelnut is a type of plant that grows in wet and humid climatic conditions. Adverse climatic conditions result in the formation of aflatoxin in hazelnuts during the harvesting, drying, and storing processes. Aflatoxin is considered an important food contaminant, which makes aflatoxin analysis important in the international produce trade. For this reason, validation is important for the analysis of aflatoxin in hazelnuts. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) are two important parameters in validation. In this study, the LOD and LOQ values have been determined using the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) Method 991.31, which …
Use, History, And Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Chemical Analysis Of Aconitum,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Use, History, And Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Chemical Analysis Of Aconitum, M. El-Shazly, C.-J. Tai, T.-Y. Wu, D. Csupor, J. Hohmann, F.-R. Chang, Y.-C. Wu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Aconitum and its products have been used in Asia for centuries to treat various ailments, including arthritis, gout, cancer, and inflammation. In general, their preparations and dispensing have been restricted to qualified folk medicine healers due to their low safety index and reported toxicity. In the past few decades, official guidelines have been introduced in Asian pharmacopeias to control Aconitum herbal products. However, these guidelines were based on primitive analytical techniques for the determination of the whole Aconitum alkaloids and were unable to distinguish between toxic and nontoxic components. Recent advances in analytical techniques, especially high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) …
Development Of Standardized Methodology For Identifying Toxins In Clinical Samples And Fish Species Associated With Tetrodotoxin-Borne Poisoning Incidents,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Development Of Standardized Methodology For Identifying Toxins In Clinical Samples And Fish Species Associated With Tetrodotoxin-Borne Poisoning Incidents, T.-Y. Chen, C.-H. Hsieh, D.-F. Hwang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a naturally occurring toxin in food, especially in puffer fish. TTX poisoning is observed frequently in South East Asian regions. In TTX-derived food poisoning outbreaks, the amount of TTX recovered from suspicious fish samples or leftovers, and residual levels from biological fluids of victims are typically trace. However, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods have been demonstrated to qualitatively and quantitatively determine TTX in clinical samples from victims. Identification and validation of the TTX-originating seafood species responsible for a food poisoning incident is needed. A polymerase chain reaction-based method on mitochondrial DNA analysis is …
Mycotoxin Monitoring For Commercial Foodstuffs In Taiwan,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Mycotoxin Monitoring For Commercial Foodstuffs In Taiwan, M.-T. Chen, Y.-H. Hsu, T.-S. Wang, S.-W. Chien
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Mycotoxins are toxic food contaminants that are naturally produced by certain fungi. They induce negative effects on human health by making food unsafe for consumption. In this study, analyses were performed to determine the levels and incidence of aflatoxins (AFs) in peanut products, tree nuts, spices, and Coix seeds; ochratoxin A (OTA) in wheat and roasted coffee, as well as OTA and AFs in rice; and citrinin (CIT) in red yeast rice (RYR) products. A total of 712 samples from nine different food categories were collected between 2012 and 2013. The samples were analyzed over 2 years for AFs, OTA, …
Analysis Of Aroma Compounds And Nutrient Contents Of Mabolo (Diospyros Blancoi A. Dc.), An Ethnobotanical Fruit Of Austronesian Taiwan,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Analysis Of Aroma Compounds And Nutrient Contents Of Mabolo (Diospyros Blancoi A. Dc.), An Ethnobotanical Fruit Of Austronesian Taiwan, S.-F. Hung, S.-F. Roan, T.-L. Chang, H.-B. King, I.-Z. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Diospyros blancoi A. DC. is an evergreen tree species of high-quality wood. Mabolo, the fruit of this plant, is popular among the natives in Taiwan, but its potential in economic use has not been fully explored. Mabolo has a rich aroma. Of the 39 different volatile compounds isolated, its intact fruit and peel were found to both contain 24 compounds, whereas the pulp contained 28 compounds. The most important aroma compounds were esters and α-farnesene. Our data show that mabolo is rich in dietary fiber (3.2%), and the contents of other nutrients such as malic acid, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, …
Perspectives On Genetically Modified Crops And Food Detection,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Perspectives On Genetically Modified Crops And Food Detection, C.-H. Lin, T.-M. Pan
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Genetically modified (GM) crops are a major product of the global food industry. From 1996 to 2014, 357 GM crops were approved and the global value of the GM crop market reached 35% of the global commercial seed market in 2014. However, the rapid growth of the GM crop-based industry has also created controversies in many regions, including the European Union, Egypt, and Taiwan. The effective detection and regulation of GM crops/foods are necessary to reduce the impact of these controversies. In this review, the status of GM crops and the technology for their detection are discussed. As the primary …
Exploring In Vitro Neurobiological Effects And High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography-Assisted Quantitation Of Chlorogenic Acid In 18 Turkish Coffee Brands,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Exploring In Vitro Neurobiological Effects And High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography-Assisted Quantitation Of Chlorogenic Acid In 18 Turkish Coffee Brands, S.A. Erdem, F.S. Senol, E. Budakoglu, I.E. Orhan, B. Sener
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The hydroalcoholic extracts of the Turkish traditional coffee samples from 18 commercial brands were tested for their neurobiological effects through enzyme inhibition based on enzyme-linked immunosorbance microtiter assays against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase, linked to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The extracts were also subjected to several antioxidant test systems to define their antiradical, metal-chelation capacity, and reducing power. Total phenol and flavonoid contents in the extracts were delineated by spectrophotometric methods, while chlorogenic acid in the coffee samples was quantified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The extracts displayed low to moderate inhibition (from 2.13 ± 0.01% to 36.12 ± 1.07% at …
Microspheres As Carriers For Lipase Inhibitory Substances To Reduce Dietary Triglyceride Absorption In Mice,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Microspheres As Carriers For Lipase Inhibitory Substances To Reduce Dietary Triglyceride Absorption In Mice, S.-H. Wu, N.-N. Sun, C.-F. Chau
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The present study intends to use microspheres as a delivery system of chlorogenic acid (CGA) to investigate the influences of CGA microspheres on dietary fat absorption and fecal triglyceride excretion in a mice model. Microspheres have an average particle size of about 53.3 μm. Results indicated that the microspheres were capable of gradually releasing the preloaded CGA into the surrounding medium. Their bioadhesive property might help prolong the gastrointestinal transit time in mice, and render a better mixing and contact between CGA and triglyceride. Consumption of CGA microspheres resulted in a significantly higher level of fecal triglyceride (119-144%) as compared …
Quantitative Analysis Of Insulin In Total Parenteral Nutrition Bag In Taiwan,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Quantitative Analysis Of Insulin In Total Parenteral Nutrition Bag In Taiwan, K.-H. Yu, H.-L. Tsao, S.-J. Lin, C.-Y. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Regular insulin can reduce hyperglycemia when directly added to total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solutions. Insulin is not routinely added to all TPN solutions. For patients who require insulin prior to the initiation of TPN supplement, one-third to one-half of the usual total daily dose can be added to the TPN bag as regular human insulin. However, an incorrect dose or an interaction between insulin and the TPN bag material may affect blood sugar control in clinical practice. Therefore, it is important to quantitatively determine the final dose of insulin in the TPN bag. High performance liquid chromatography is a very …
Corrigendum To “High-Throughput Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method For Simultaneous Determination Of Fampridine, Paroxetine, And Quinidine In Rat Plasma: Application To In Vivo Perfusion Study” (J Journal Of Food And Drug Analysis (2016) 24(4) (866–875) (S1021949816300321) (10.1016/J.Jfda.2016.03.004),
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Corrigendum To “High-Throughput Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method For Simultaneous Determination Of Fampridine, Paroxetine, And Quinidine In Rat Plasma: Application To In Vivo Perfusion Study” (J Journal Of Food And Drug Analysis (2016) 24(4) (866–875) (S1021949816300321) (10.1016/J.Jfda.2016.03.004), S. Achanti, R.R. Katta
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The GA (Graphical Abstract) is corrected to include the 2 missing points. One is the Heating mat is drawn for the anaesthetized rat and secondly, the perfusion solution was used in red color due to phenol red which is actually done at the time of experiment and collected the perfusate in eppendorf tubes only. © 2017
Taiwanese And Japanese Yam (Dioscorea Spp.) Extracts Attenuate Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity In Mice,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Taiwanese And Japanese Yam (Dioscorea Spp.) Extracts Attenuate Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity In Mice, C.-T. Chen, Z.-H. Wang, C.-C. Hsu, H.-H. Lin, J.-H. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The present study was designed to explore whether yam could protect the heart from doxorubicin (DOX)-induced oxidative stress leading to cardiotoxicity in vivo. In this study, the protective effects of water and ethanol extracts of three varieties of yam, including water extracts of Dioscorea japonica Thunb., ethanol extracts of D. japonica Thunb., water extracts of Dioscorea alata, ethanol extracts of D. alata, water extracts of Dioscorea purpurea, and ethanol extracts of D. purpurea, against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in experimental mice were evaluated. DOX treatment led to significant decreases in the ratio of heart weight to body weight and heart rate, and …
Extract From Mulberry (Morus Australis) Leaf Decelerate Acetaminophen Induced Hepatic Inflammation Involving Downregulation Of Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 (Myd88) Signals,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Extract From Mulberry (Morus Australis) Leaf Decelerate Acetaminophen Induced Hepatic Inflammation Involving Downregulation Of Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 (Myd88) Signals, C.-T. Horng, Z.-H. Liu, Y.-T. Huang, H.-J. Lee, C.-J. Wang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Acetaminophen (APAP) induced inflammation and oxidative stress can cause cell death to induce liver damage. The antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effect of Mulberry (Morus australis) leaf extract (MLE) was shown in previous studies. In this study, we investigated the modulation of MLE on APAP induced inflammation and oxidative stress in rat liver injury or liver cancer cell (HepG2). Wistar rat was fed orally with MLE (0.5% or 1.0 %) for 1 week, and then, 900 mg/kg of APAP was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.). Pretreatment of MLE decreased obvious foci of inflammatory cell infiltration in liver. It also reduced the expression of inflammatory …
Optimization Conditions For Extracting Polysaccharide From Angelica Sinensis And Its Antioxidant Activities,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Optimization Conditions For Extracting Polysaccharide From Angelica Sinensis And Its Antioxidant Activities, S. Tian, C. Hao, G. Xu, J. Yang, R. Sun
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In this study, polysaccharides from Angelica sinensis were extracted using the ultrasound-assisted extraction method. Based on the results of single factor experiments and orthogonal tests, three independent variables—water/raw material ratio, ultrasound time, and ultrasound power—were selected for investigation. Then, we used response surface methodology to optimize the extraction conditions. The experimental data were fitted to a quadratic equation using multiple regression analysis, and the optimal conditions were as follows: water/raw material ratio, 43.31 mL/g; ultrasonic time, 28.06 minutes; power, 396.83 W. Under such conditions, the polysaccharide yield was 21.89 ± 0.21%, which was well matched with the predicted yield. In …
In Vitro Assay To Estimate Tea Astringency Via Observing Flotation Of Artificial Oil Bodies Sheltered By Caleosin Fused With Histatin 3,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
In Vitro Assay To Estimate Tea Astringency Via Observing Flotation Of Artificial Oil Bodies Sheltered By Caleosin Fused With Histatin 3, Y.-E. Shih, Y.-C. Lin, T.-Y. Chung, M.-C. Liu, G.-H. Chen, C.-C. Wu, J.T.C. Tzen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Astringency, a sensory characteristic of food and beverages rich in polyphenols, mainly results from the formation of complexes between polyphenols and salivary proteins, causing a reduction of the lubricating properties of saliva. To develop an in vitro assay to estimate the astringency of oolong tea infusion, artificial oil bodies were constituted with sesame oil sheltered by a modified caleosin fused with histatin 3, one of the human salivary small peptides. Aggregation of artificial oil bodies was induced when they were mixed with oolong tea infusion or its major polyphenolic compound, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) of 100μM as observed in light microscopy. …
Characterization Of Metabolite Profiles From The Leaves Of Green Perilla (Perilla Frutescens) By Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Electrospray Ionization Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry And Screening For Their Antioxidant Properties,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Characterization Of Metabolite Profiles From The Leaves Of Green Perilla (Perilla Frutescens) By Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Electrospray Ionization Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry And Screening For Their Antioxidant Properties, Y.H. Lee, B. Kim, S. Kim, M.-S. Kim, H. Kim, S.-R. Hwang, K. Kim, J.H. Lee
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The objective of this research was to access the determination of metabolite profiles and antioxidant properties in the leaves of green perilla (Perilla frutescens), where these are considered functional and nutraceutical substances in Korea. A total of 25 compositions were confirmed as six phenolic acids, two triterpenoids, eight flavonoids, seven fatty acids, and two glucosides using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) technique from the methanol extract of this species. The individual and total compositions exhibited significant differences, especially rosmarinic acid (10), and linolenic acids (22 and 23) were detected as …
Physicochemical Properties And Anticoagulant Activity Of Polyphenols Derived From Lachnum Singerianum,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Physicochemical Properties And Anticoagulant Activity Of Polyphenols Derived From Lachnum Singerianum, S. Zong, J. Ji, J. Li, Q.-H. Yang, M. Ye
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In this study, polyphenols (LSP) were obtained from the fermentation broth of Lachnum singerianum. Two fractions were isolated by Sephadex LH-20 chromatographic column, and the primary fraction (LSP-1) was collected. The comprehensive physicochemical properties of phenolic acids and polyhydroxy phenolic compounds of LSP-1 were determined by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results of anticoagulant activity assay in vitro showed that LSP-1 could lengthen prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin time of mouse plasma. In addition, anticoagulant activity results in vivo showed that high dose of LSP-1 could significantly prolong bleeding time, coagulation time, …
Comparative Effect Of Horse Gram And Black Gram On Inflammatory Mediators And Antioxidant Status,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Comparative Effect Of Horse Gram And Black Gram On Inflammatory Mediators And Antioxidant Status, V. Rajagopal, C.K. Pushpan, H. Antony
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A balanced diet is important for the overall wellbeing of an individual. Pulses are an important part of a nutritive diet. Pulses have been consumed for at least 10,000 years and are among the most extensively used foods in the world. They are a rich source of protein and fiber, as well as a significant source of vitamins and minerals, such as iron, zinc, and magnesium. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two pulses, horse gram and black gram, on inflammatory mediators and the antioxidant enzymes. Two sets of experiments were conducted in rats which …
