Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons^™

Skin Irritation Study Of Two Patented Mix Extracts From Emblica, Ma-Khwaen And Khanun, Sareeya Reungpatthanaphong, Tuanta Sematong, Buppachart Potduang, Phanukit Kunhachan, Cholticha Niwaspragrit

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Moisturizing Gel Formulation Containing Pueraria Mirifica Extracts As An Anti-Wrinkle Agent, Thanachod Thammachat, Sompoch Tubcharoen, Sitthiphong Soradech, Somnuk Promdang

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Role Of Na+K+2cl- Co-Transporters In Insulin Secretion, Saeed Alshahrani

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The objective of this study is to investigate the role of intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl^-]i) in insulin secretion in vivo and in vitro.

The maintenance of high [Cl^-]i in insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells plays an important role in glucose-induced depolarization and insulin secretion. Insulinotropic glucose concentrations i.e., >6 mM induces electrical activity in β-cells which results in insulin secretion. This electrical activity is mainly due to electrogenic efflux of Cl^- from β-cells through volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC). The solute carrier family 12 group A member 1 (Slc12a1) and 2 (Slc12a2) encode several splice variants of the …

Investigation Of The Absorptive Potential Of Polymeric Nanoparticles Across The Lungs And Their Development For Efficient Systemic Delivery Following Pulmonary Administration, Abdul Khader Mohammad

Wayne State University Dissertations

The lungs are an attractive route for drug delivery due to their high epithelial surface area available for absorption, a thin epithelium and extensive vasculature to name a few. Accordingly, a vast number of small molecule drugs, peptides, and proteins have been used to investigate their translocation across the lungs with many of the tested candidates showing excellent pharmacokinetics following pulmonary administration. Findings from all these studies over the years have strongly established the lungs as a route for drug delivery of small molecules and proteins. Nanoparticles on the other hand have gained increasing interest in drug delivery due to …

Multifunctional Bioreducible Nanoparticles For Gene Therapy, Jing Li

Wayne State University Dissertations

Gene therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy to treat diseases caused by single or multiple gene mutations. Non-viral gene delivery vectors exhibit many advantages over viral vectors, including enhanced safety, versatility in choosing different types of therapeutic nucleic acids, and ease of formulation. However, low transgene efficiency and lack of targeting ability remain major challenges. Bioreducible polyplexes (polyelectrolyte complexes of disulfide-containing polycations and nucleic acids) utilize the redox potential gradient existing between extracellular space and intracellular environment as a physiological stimulus to enhance delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids to the subcellular space. Bioreducible containing polyplexes undergo intracellular reduction mediated GSH, …

Valproic Acid-Induced Teratogenesis In Japanese Rice Fish (Oryzias Latipes) Embryogenesis, Mengmeng Wu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Valproic acid (VPA) was introduced as an antiepileptic in 1967 in France and it has become the most prescribed anticonvulsive drug therapy worldwide since then. In the clinic, valproic acid is selected to treat absence seizures, myoclonic seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, atonic attacks and partial seizures. Epilepsy is the second most comneurologic disorder that affects pregnant women (0.5%–1%). Approximately 1 out of 250 pregnant women are taking antiepileptic drugs. Valproic acid is designated as a human teratogen, which induces major congenital anomalies, facial dysmorphic features, and autistic-like behaviors, which affect verbal, cognitive, communicative, and social abilities of affected children. We …

Elucidating Transcription Factor Regulation By Tcdd Within The Hs1,2 Enhancer, Sharon D. Ochs

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Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) expression and Ig secretion is inhibited by the environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-ρ-dioxin (TCDD). Within the IgH gene, the 3' IgH regulatory region (3'IgH RR) has been identified as a transcriptional target of TCDD. The 3'IgH RR, which in part regulates transcription of the IgH gene, is composed of four enhancers in the mouse: hs3a; hs1,2; h3b; hs4 and three enhancers in the human: hs3a; hs1,2; hs4. In humans the hs1,2 enhancer has an invariant sequence (IS) containing a DRE, NF-κB, NF1 and AP-1 binding site. Also, the enhancer has an AP1.ETS and Oct …

Evaluation Of Cm-2,525 As A Neuroprotectant Against Sarin: A Comparison With 8-Oh-Dpat, Amanda R. Furman

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Exposure to the chemical warfare agent sarin produces long term neurological deficits. The long term medical consequences could be averted with the development of neuroprotectants to preserve brain function. In our mouse model, the combination of the carboxylesterase inhibitor 2-(o-cresyl)-4H-1:3:2-benzodioxaphosphorin-2-oxide (CBDP) with the organophosphorus (OP) nerve agent sarin was used to render mice more sensitive to poisoning and reduce the amount of hydrogen fluoride cleaved from sarin during binding to esterases. Since carboxylesterase acts as a scavenger, reducing the levels causes sarin to have a greater inhibition effect on acetylcholinesterase. These smaller doses permitted the use of doses similar to …

Use Of Phage Display Libraries To Select For B-Cell Receptor-Specific Peptides Of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells, Richard M. Chou

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Peptides with high affinity to the B-cell receptor (BCR) fused to a toxin could be an effective therapy for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) patients. We screened captured BCR of a CLL patient with peptides from 7 and 12-mer phage display libraries, using two strategies. Lymphocytes from two patients diagnosed with CLL expressing two different unmutated VH genes (VH 1-3 and VH4-34, respectively) were used. Membrane BCRs were obtained from patient CLL cells by lysis, identified by western blot, semi-quantified and screened with phage libraries. The first strategy involved using patient VH4-34 BCRs which were captured using goat anti-human IgM to …

Light-Limited Access To Fructose Alters Metabolic Function And Adipose Tissue Catecholaminergic Activity In Mice, Naima Salem Rodwan

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Consumption of high levels of fructose produces glucose intolerance, sympathetic nervous system activation, and renal dysfunction. A diet high in fructose may play a role in the worldwide epidemic of obesity and diabetes. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that time (light/dark) limited access to fructose influences body fat, metabolic function, and adipose tissue catecholaminergic activity in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were given standard chow and assigned to one of three groups: Control (n=10, water 24h); FL (n=11, 10% fructose solution during 12h light period); and FD (n=10, 10% fructose solution during 12h dark period). Metabolic …

Enhanced Angiotensin Ii-Induced Cardiac And Aortic Remodeling In Ace2 Knockout Mice, Mahmoud Alghamri

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Activation of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) is a well-known driving force, governing the aggravation and progression of CVD and associated target organ damage. Angiotensin (Ang) converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a new member within the RAS family, was first cloned from the ventricle of patient with heart failure. ACE2 was shown to be upregulated under pathological conditions. We hypothesize that loss of ACE2 negatively affects cardiac function and exacerbates hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and aortic remodeling in response to Ang II. Eight weeks old ACE2 knock out (KO) and wild type (WT) mice were infused with Ang II s.c. (1000 ng/kg/min for …

Mutation In The Plasmodium Falciparum Crt Protein Determines The Stereospecific Activity Of Antimalarial Cinchona Alkaloids, Carol E. Griffin, Jonathan M. Hoke, Upeka Samarakoon, Junhui Duan, Jianbing Mu, Michael T. Ferdig, David C. Warhurst, Roland A. Cooper

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The Cinchona alkaloids are quinoline aminoalcohols that occur as diastereomer pairs, typified by (-)-quinine and (+)-quinidine. The potency of (+)-isomers is greater than the (-)-isomers in vitro and in vivo against Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites. They may act by the inhibition of heme crystallization within the parasite digestive vacuole in a manner similar to chloroquine. Earlier studies showed that a K76I mutation in the digestive vacuole-associated protein, PfCRT (P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter), reversed the normal potency order of quinine and quinidine toward P. falciparum. To further explore PfCRT-alkaloid interactions in the malaria parasite, we measured the in …

Extinction Risk And Bottlenecks In The Conservation Of Charismatic Marine Species, Loren Mcclenachan, Andrew B. Cooper, Kent E. Carpenter, Nicholas K. Dulvy

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The oceans face a biodiversity crisis, but the degree and scale of extinction risk remains poorly characterized. Charismatic species are most likely to gar- ner greatest support for conservation and thus provide a best-case scenario of the status of marine biodiversity. We summarize extinction risk and diagnose impediments to successful conservation for 1,568 species in 16 families of marine animals in the movie Finding Nemo. Sixteen percent (12–34%) of those that have been evaluated are threatened, ranging from 9% (7–28%) of bony fishes to 100% (83–100%) of marine turtles. A lack of scientific knowledge impedes analysis of threat status …

Bioavailability, Bioaccumulation, And Trophic Transfer Of Trace Metals In The Tims Branch-Steed Pond Tributary, Paul Gethyn Edwards

Masters Theses

The Department of Energy's (DOE) Savannah River Site (SRS) is a 777 km² former nuclear weapon material production and current research facility located along the Savannah River in west-central South Carolina. In 1954, direct environmental discharges were released from "M-Area", a fuel and aluminum-clad Uranium (U) nuclear reactor target manufacturing facility through a drainage ditch into the Tims Branch-Steed Pond water system. The wastewater discharges released into Tims Branch contained large volumes of inorganic wastes including depleted and natural U, aluminum (Al), and Nickel (Ni) along with smaller quantities of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and …

Investigations Of Oxidative Stress Effects And Their Mechanisms In Rat Brain After Systemic Administration Of Ceria Engineered Nanomaterials, Sarita S. Hardas

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

Advancing applications of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) in various fields create the opportunity for intended (e.g. drug and gene delivery) or unintended (e.g. occupational and environmental) exposure to ENM. However, the knowledge of ENM-toxicity is lagging behind their application development. Understanding the ENM hazard can help us to avoid potential human health problems associated with ENM applications as well as to increase their public acceptance. Ceria (cerium [Ce] oxide) ENM have many current and potential commercial applications. Beyond the traditional use of ceria as an abrasive, the scope of ceria ENM applications now extends into fuel cell manufacturing, diesel fuel additives …

Quercetin And Derivatives As Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors, Siriluk Sontadsakul, Anchisa Prakongsantikul, Worawan Kitphati, Jaturong Pratuangdejkul, Veena Nukoolkam

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Biological Activities Of A Patented Mix Extract From Fruits Of Phyllanthus Emblica And Zanthoxylumlimonella, Buppachart Potduang, Bundit Fungsin, Isara Keeta, Natthachest Ketmanee, Anintitha Intharungsri, Sitthiphong Soradech, Cholticha Niwaspragrit, Sayan Tanpanich

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Anti-Periodontal Bacterial Activity Of Oxyresveratrol, Waranvoo Phoolcharoen, Sireerat Sooampon, Boonchoo Sritularak, Kittisak Likhitvitayawuid, Jintakom Kuvatanasuchati, Prasit Pavasant

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Microemulsion Formulation Of Angelica Sinensis Root Extract On Clove Oil /Nonionic Surfactant/ Water Mixture, Pichaya Ukosaramik, Prasan Tangyuenyongwatana, Rathapon Asasutjarit

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Extended Access To Methamphetamine Self-Administration On Dopaminergic Markers In The Striatum, Joe Luevano

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is a persistent problem in the U.S. and abroad. Escalation of METH use among independent users occurs for a variety of physiological and psychological reasons. Methamphetamine dependence may be attributed to the rewarding effect of this drug via the dopaminergic systems of the central nervous system (CNS). The presence of METH in the CNS increases synaptic release of dopamine. This increase in dopaminergic neurotransmission is thought to be directly attributed to the rewarding effects of METH. Following METH use, compensatory changes have been found to occur in the dopaminergic system during various periods of abstinence. It is …