Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons^™

The Effects Of Maternal Caffeine Intake On A Fetus, Jennifer Kahan

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The United States has been noted as the country with the greatest caffeine consumption in the world. More than half of all Americans are said to consume caffeine on a daily basis. Caffeine is easily available in a variety of dietary products including coffee, tea, soft drinks, and chocolate. Many pregnant women are unaware of the potential risk that excessive caffeine consumption can have on their unborn child. The purpose of this paper is to explore the ramifications of caffeine intake on a fetus. The studies reviewed propose that heavy maternal caffeine consumption, that of more than 300 mg daily, …

Nanomaterial Charge-Dependent Platelet Activating Factor Receptor Agonism In Human Epidermal Cells, Shahryar Jamshed Qureshi

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) and its associated receptor, the PAF Receptor (PAFR), are important mediators of intercellular communication during an immune response. Once a physiological stimulus triggers an inflammatory response, epithelial, endothelial and immune cells synthesize and release PAF. PAF mediates the recruitment of immune cells, platelets, angiogenesis, expression of various genes, and increased PAF biosynthesis (Brown, 2006; Han, 2006; Whatley, 1988; Axelrod, 1988). In this study, we utilized HaCaT cells and a well characterized KB cell line derived from nasopharyngeal cells, which do not natively express the PAFR. KB cells had previously been transfected with a PAF receptor (KBP) …

Investigation Of Association Of Chemical Profiles With The Tracheobronchial Relaxant Activity Of Chinese Medicinal Herb Beimu Derived From Various Fritillaria Species., Xu Wu, Shun-Wan Chan, Jiang Ma, Ping Li, Pang-Chui Shaw, Ge Lin

Faculty of Science & Technology (THEi)

Ethnopharmacological relevance Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu in Chinese) is derived from the bulbus of many Fritillaria species (family Liliaceae), which has been used as an antitussive herb in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 2000 years. Due to the complexity of plant origins and significant variations in chemical profiles, the characterization of the profile of the major bioactive constituents and its association with pharmacological activity are important for the quality control of Beimu herbs from different origins. Aim of the study This study aims to investigate the distribution of major bioactive isosteroidal alkaloids in Beimu herbs of different origins and its …

Determination Of Selected Aromas In Marquette And Frontenac Wine Using Headspace-Spme Coupled With Gc-Ms And Simultaneous Olfactometry, Somchai Rice, Nanticha Lutt, Jacek A. Koziel, Murlidhar Dharmadhikari, Anne Fennell Dr

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Understanding the aroma profile of wines made from cold climate grapes is needed to help winemakers produce quality aromatic wines. The current study aimed to add to the very limited knowledge of aroma-imparting compounds in wines made from the lesser-known Frontenac and Marquette cultivars. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with simultaneous olfactometry was used to identify and quantify selected, aroma-imparting volatile organic compounds (VOC) in wines made from grapes harvested at two sugar levels (22° Brix and 24° Brix). Aroma-imparting compounds were determined by aroma dilution analysis (ADA). Odor activity values (OAV) were also used to …

Occurrence Of Antibiotics And Antibiotic Resistance Genes In Soils Fromwastewater Irrigation Areas In The Pearl River Delta Region, Southernchina, Livia Min Pan, L.M. Chu

Faculty of Design & Environment (THEi)

The occurrence and distribution of tetracycline (TC) and sulfamethazine (SMZ), and the corresponding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were investigated in six agricultural sites in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in southern China. Irrigation water and irrigated soils at two different depths (0-10 and 10-20cm) were analyzed. The total concentrations of TC and SMZ in irrigation water ranged from 69.3 to 234ng/L and from 4.00 to 58.2ng/L, respectively, while the total concentrations of TC and SMZ in irrigated soils ranged from 5.00 to 21.9μg/kg and from 1.30 to 4.20μg/kg, respectively. After long-term irrigation with domestic and fishpond wastewater in the …

Regulation Of Radioactive Fracking Waste, Elizabeth Ann Glass Geltman, Nichole Leclair

Publications and Research

Natural gas extracted form shale reached record production totals in 2015 in the United States and the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) forecasts natural gas production will continue to increase. Wastes from shale gas extraction can contain the radioactive isotopes radium-226 (Ra-226) and radium-228 (Ra-228), which decay further into radon (Rn). Exposure to radon, a form of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM), is the leading cause of lung cancer in the United States, after smoking. This article explores how states handle the disposal of technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) and/or NORM waste from oil and gas operations to …

The Clean Air Act And Its Impact On Ground Level Ozone Pollution Levels In Los Angeles, California, Rebecca Ford

Bridges: A Journal of Student Research

Ozone (O3) occurs as a photochemically produced pollutant in the troposphere and its emission and concentration is regulated by the Clean Air Act (CAA) of 1970. The Los Angeles area is an example of how O3 can be a public health hazard and taint a city’s aesthetics and quality of life through photochemical smog. This study was conducted to observe the overall effectiveness of the CAA. I explored daily O3 concentrations from 1980 to the present at three air quality monitoring stations in LA from the AirData database of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. National O3 standards were only exceeded …

Neighborhood Variation Of Sustainable Urban Morphologicalcharacteristics, P. C. Lai, Sissi Si Chen, C. T. Low, Ester Cerin, Robert Stimson, Py Paulina Wong

Faculty of Design & Environment (THEi)

Compact cities and their urban forms have implications on sustainable city development because of high density urban settlement, increased accessibility, and a balanced land use mix. This paper uses quantitative means of understanding urban morphological characteristics with reference to the differing qualities of the urban form (i.e., street patterns, building volumes, land uses and greenery). The results, based on 89 neighborhood communities of Hong Kong, show varying degrees of regional differences in the urban built form supported by numerical statistics and graphical illustrations. This paper offers empirical evidence on some morphological characteristics that can be estimated objectively using modern geospatial …

In Anthropocene Air: Deleuze's Encounter With Shakespeare, Steven Swarbrick

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

The Association Between Type Of Fat And The Risk Of Developing Cardiovascular Diseases, Dovid Leib Glassner

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Objective: To determine the significance of various types of dietary fat in the progression of atherosclerosis leading to heart disease. Methods: Study inclusion criteria constituted relevance to the discussion topic and peer reviewed literature. Age of the published material was taken into account as well, with greater preference being given to more recent research as the topic of nutrition and its relation to chronic disease remains an emerging science. Results: This research review found an overall significant relationship between the type (monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, saturated and trans-fat) of dietary fat intake and the incidence of cardiovascular disease. While earlier research identified …

Drug Delivery Strategies For The Treatment Of Advanced Lung Cancer And Various Lung Metastases, Elizabeth Bielski

Wayne State University Dissertations

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Secondary lung tumors metastasized from other cancer sites also remains highly prevalent, in which most metastatic tumors cannot be cured with existing therapies. Chemoresistance (multi drug resistance – MDR) that develops intrinsically or acquired is one of the key factors leading to fatality in these patients. MDR develops form a variety of resistance mechanisms that can occur consecutively or concurrently, therefore, making most current treatments unsuccessful. Current therapies have known to slow tumor growth, but rarely provide a cure. Immunotherapy has seen some promise, including the use …

Exercise Can Potentially Cure Parkinson’S Disease: A Comprehensive Review, Ilana Tokarsky

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease that negatively affects many American lives. It is characterized by the degeneration of dopamine-secreting neurons in the Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta (SNpc). Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease lack motor coordination and experience severe motor impairments. Unfortunately, there is currently no treatment method available that can successfully cure the disease. In fact, all of the mainstream available treatments only eliminate some PD symptoms, and they cause many negative side effects. Although nontraditional, exercise is a side effect free treatment method that can potentially slow the progression of the disease and alleviate some symptoms. …

Rhythm: An Open Source Imaging Toolkit For Cardiac Panoramic Optical Mapping, Christopher Gloschat, Kedar Aras, Shubnam Gupta, N. Rokhana Faye, Hanyu Zhang, Matthew W. Kay, Igor R Efimov, +Several Additional Authors

Pharmacology and Physiology Faculty Publications

Fluorescence optical imaging techniques have revolutionized the field of cardiac electrophysiology and advanced our understanding of complex electrical activities such as arrhythmias. However, traditional monocular optical mapping systems, despite having high spatial resolution, are restricted to a two-dimensional (2D) field of view. Consequently, tracking complex three-dimensional (3D) electrical waves such as during ventricular fibrillation is challenging as the waves rapidly move in and out of the field of view. This problem has been solved by panoramic imaging which uses multiple cameras to measure the electrical activity from the entire epicardial surface. However, the diverse engineering skill set and substantial resource …

Selective Inhibition Of Ctcf Binding By Ias Directs Tet-Mediated Reprogramming Of 5-Hydroxymethylation Patterns In Ias-Transformed Cells, Matthew Rea, Tyler Gripshover, Yvonne N. Fondufe-Mittendorf

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Methylation at cytosine (5mC) is a fundamental epigenetic DNA modification recently associated with iAs-mediated carcinogenesis. In contrast, the role of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), the oxidation product of 5mC in iAs-mediated carcinogenesis is unknown. Here we assess the hydroxymethylome in iAs-transformed cells, showing that dynamic modulation of hydroxymethylated DNA is associated with specific transcriptional networks. Moreover, this pathologic iAs-mediated carcinogenesis is characterized by a shift toward a higher hydroxymethylation pattern genome-wide. At specific promoters, hydroxymethylation correlated with increased gene expression. Furthermore, this increase in hydroxymethylation occurs concurrently with an upregulation of ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes that oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in DNA. To …

An Optimized Solid-Phase Reduction And Capture Strategy For The Study Of Reversibly-Oxidized Cysteines And Its Application To Metal Toxicity, John Andrew Hitron

Theses and Dissertations--Toxicology and Cancer Biology

The reversible oxidation of cysteine by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is both a mechanism for cellular protein signaling as well as a cause of cellular injury and death through the generation of oxidative stress. The study of cysteine oxidation is complicated by the methodology currently available to isolate and enrich oxidized-cysteine containing proteins. We sought to simplify this process by reducing the time needed to process samples and reducing sample loss and contamination risk.

We accomplished this by eliminating precipitation steps needed for the protocol by (a) introducing an in-solution NEM-quenching step prior to reduction and (b) replacing soluble dithiothreitol …

A Novel Assay For Evaluation Of The Total Antioxidant Capacity (Tac) Using A Nontoxic Probe, Sirirat Panich

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

A novel and simple method for measuring total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was established. Herein, the new assay is based on generating the deep blue Imipramine (IMI) free radical by oxidising IMI with ammonium tetra vanadate (NH4VO3) in acid medium. Once.

In Silico Evaluation Of Molecular Interactions Between Known ?-Glucosidase Inhibitors And Homologous ?-Glucosidase Enzymes From Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Rattus Norvegicus, And Ganc-Human, Teni Ernawati

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The aim of this study was to observe molecular interactions between alpha glucosidase inhibitor waith alpha glucosidase enzyme derived from Saccharomyces cereviseae, Rattus norvegicus and GANC-human. Therefore, they were used against four of the well-kno.

Intended High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Procedure For The Quantification Of Norfloxacin And Its Potential Impurities In Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient And Tablet Dosage Forms, Bikshal Babu Kasimala, Venkateswara Rao Anna, Useni Reddy Mallu, L. Maheshwara Reddy

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Norfloxacin [NFXC] is an active pharmaceutical ingredient belongs to 4-quinolone antibacterial agent used for the prophylaxis of gram +ve and gram-ve bacterial infections. A reliable stability-indicating RP-HPLC method was developed for the separation an.

Development And Validation Of Novel Stability-Indicating High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method For The Determination Of Miglitol In Pharmaceuticals, Kanakapura Basavaiah, Nagaraju Rajendraprasad

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the determination of miglitol (MGL) in pharmaceuticals is presented. The assay was performed on a Phenomenex Luna C18 (150 × 4.6 mm; 5µm particle size) column using phosphate...

Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Modeling Of S-Triazines And 2-Arylpyrimidines As Selective Pde4b Inhibitors, Anand Gaurav, Gabriel Akyirem Akowuah, Choo Shiuan Por

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

A QSAR analysis was conducted on a series of 2-arylpyrimidine and s-triazine derivatives as selective PDE4B inhibitors. Primary objective of the study is to develop predictive QSAR models for s-triazines and 2-arylpyrimidines as selective PDE4B and to id.