Evaluation Of Synergistic Anticandidal And Apoptotic Effects Of Ferulic Acid And Caspofungin Against Candida Albicans,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Evaluation Of Synergistic Anticandidal And Apoptotic Effects Of Ferulic Acid And Caspofungin Against Candida Albicans, Z. Canturk
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
This study aimed to investigate the synergy between anticandidal and apoptotic effects of ferulic acid and caspofungin against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata, with the help of a quantitative checkerboard microdilution assay using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) as a viability dye. Apoptotic effects of caspofungin and ferulic acid concentrations (alone and combined) were analyzed for C. albicans and C. glabrata based on annexin V–propidium iodide binding capacities using flow cytometric analysis. C. albicans showed a synergistic effect, represented by a fractional inhibitory concentration index of < 0.5, but C. glabrata showed no synergistic effect (fractional inhibitory concentration index > 0.5). Early and late apoptotic effects of caspofungin and ferulic acid concentrations (1 μg/mL and 1000 …
Fatty Acid Composition And Antibacterial Potential Of Cassia Tora (Leaves And Stem) Collected From Different Geographic Areas Of India,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Fatty Acid Composition And Antibacterial Potential Of Cassia Tora (Leaves And Stem) Collected From Different Geographic Areas Of India, S. Shukla, S. Hegde, A. Kumar, G. Chaudhary, S.K. Tewari, D.K. Upreti, M. Pal
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The comparative analysis of the fatty acid composition of Cassia tora (leaves and stem) was determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Twenty-seven fatty acids were identified in C. tora (leaves and stem) which was collected from three different geographical areas of India: Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), Nainital (Uttarakhand), and Bhavnagar (Gujarat), coded as CT-1, CT-2, and CT-3, respectively. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed the presence of various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The major fatty acids found were palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, margaric acid, melissic acid, and behenic acid. The highest amounts of saturated fatty acids were found in …
Metabolite Profiling, Antioxidant, And Α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities Of Germinated Rice: Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance-Based Metabolomics Study,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Metabolite Profiling, Antioxidant, And Α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities Of Germinated Rice: Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance-Based Metabolomics Study, P. Pramai, Hamid N.A. Abdul, A. Mediani, M. Maulidiani, F. Abas, S. Jiamyangyuen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In an attempt to profile the metabolites of three different varieties of germinated rice, specifically black (GBR), red, and white rice, a 1 H-nuclear-magnetic-resonance-based metabolomics approach was conducted. Multivariate data analysis was applied to discriminate between the three different varieties using a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model. The PLS model was used to evaluate the relationship between chemicals and biological activities of germinated rice. The PLS-DA score plot exhibited a noticeable separation between the three rice varieties into three clusters by PC1 and PC2. The PLS model indicated that α-linolenic acid, γ-oryzanol, α-tocopherol, γ-aminobutyric acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, fumaric …
The Time-Dependent Effects Of St John's Wort On Cytochrome P450, Uridine Diphosphate-Glucuronosyltransferase, Glutathione S-Transferase, And Nad(P)H-Quinone Oxidoreductase In Mice,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
The Time-Dependent Effects Of St John's Wort On Cytochrome P450, Uridine Diphosphate-Glucuronosyltransferase, Glutathione S-Transferase, And Nad(P)H-Quinone Oxidoreductase In Mice, J.-F. Yang, Y.-R. Liu, C.-C. Huang, Y.-F. Ueng
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Hypericum perforatum [St. John's wort (SJW)] is known to cause a drug interaction with the substrates of cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) isoforms, mainly CYP3A. This study aims to determine the dose response and time course of the effects of SJW extract on P450s, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase (NQO) in mice. The oral administration of SJW extract to male mice at 0.6 g/kg/d for 21 days increased hepatic oxidation activity toward a Cyp3a substrate nifedipine. By extending the SJW treatment to 28 days, hepatic nifedipine oxidation (NFO) and warfarin 7-hydroxylation (WOH) (Cyp2c) activities were increased by 95% …
Optimal Conditions For Cordycepin Production In Surface Liquid-Cultured Cordyceps Militaris Treated With Porcine Liver Extracts For Suppression Of Oral Cancer,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Optimal Conditions For Cordycepin Production In Surface Liquid-Cultured Cordyceps Militaris Treated With Porcine Liver Extracts For Suppression Of Oral Cancer, L.-T. Lin, Y.-J. Lai, S.-C. Wu, W.-H. Hsu, C.-J. Tai
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Cordycepin is one of the most crucial bioactive compounds produced by Cordyceps militaris and has exhibited antitumor activity in various cancers. However, industrial production of large amounts of cordycepin is difficult. The porcine liver is abundant in proteins, vitamins, and adenosine, and these ingredients may increase cordycepin production and bioconversion during C. militaris fermentation. We observed that porcine liver extracts increased cordycepin production. In addition, air supply (2 h/d) significantly increased the cordycepin level in surface liquid-cultured C. militaris after 14 days. Moreover, blue light light-emitting diode irradiation (16 h/d) increased cordycepin production. These findings indicated that these conditions are …
Nutritional Composition In The Chia Seed And Its Processing Properties On Restructured Ham-Like Products,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Nutritional Composition In The Chia Seed And Its Processing Properties On Restructured Ham-Like Products, Y. Ding, H.-W. Lin, Y.-L. Lin, D.-J. Yang, Y.-S. Yu, J.-W. Chen, S.-Y. Wang, Y.-C. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Low-fat meat products always have harder texture, lower juiciness, and worse flavor. Due to their higher water-holding, water absorption, and organic molecule absorption, chia seeds (CHIA) have been applied in powders, nutrition bars, breads, and cookies. Hence, the objectives of this study were to: (1) analyze the nutritional compositions in CHIA; and (2) look for the possible application of CHIA on restructured ham-like products. CHIA has high amounts of α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides, and also contains essential amino acids, minerals, and polyphenols. Regarding processing properties of CHIA, a combination of CHIA and carrageenan (CA) increased (p < 0.05) production yield of restructured ham-like products. A scanning electron microscope observation indicated that CHIA and CA addition can assist an emulsification in this ham-like product. Addition of 0.5% CA and 1.0% CHIA in this ham-like product showed the similar overall acceptance as products with added fat. Following storage at 4°C, higher (p < 0.05) purge and centrifugation losses, as well as hardness of this ham-like product can be improved by adding CHIA and CA. CHIA addition also resulted in lower (p < 0.05) lipid and protein oxidation, especially a 1.0% addition. In summary, due to both nutritional addition and improvements on physicochemical and sensorial properties of restructured ham-like products, CHIA seeds have great potential on the development of healthy and good-quality meat products. © 2017
Hypocholesterolemic Activity Of Indigenous Probiotic Isolate Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Ardmc1 In A Rat Model,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Hypocholesterolemic Activity Of Indigenous Probiotic Isolate Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Ardmc1 In A Rat Model, D. Saikia, A.K. Manhar, B. Deka, R. Roy, K. Gupta, N.D. Namsa, P. Chattopadhyay, R. Doley, M. Mandal
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The aim of this study was to investigate probiotic attributes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARDMC1 isolated from traditional rice beer starter cake and its hypocholesterolemic effects on Wistar rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. The indigenous isolate ARDMC1 showed potential probiotic characteristics such as tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal stress conditions, autoaggregation properties, and adhesion to intestinal epithelium Caco-2 cell line. In addition, ARDMC1 isolate exhibited in vitro cholesterol assimilation properties in media supplemented with cholesterol. Furthermore, administration of probiotic isolate to rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet resulted in significant reduction of serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride at the end …
Ceratonia Siliqua Honeys From Morocco: Physicochemical Properties, Mineral Contents, And Antioxidant Activities,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Ceratonia Siliqua Honeys From Morocco: Physicochemical Properties, Mineral Contents, And Antioxidant Activities, R. El-Haskoury, W. Kriaa, B. Lyoussi, M. Makni
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Physicochemical properties, main mineral content, and antioxidant activity were determined for eight floral carob honeys collected from different geographical regions of Morocco. Moroccan honeys showed good chemical and nutritional qualities, fulfilling the criteria described in the standard codex for honey. The percentages obtained for ashes were (0.13–0.69%), electrical conductivity (0.36–1.35 mS/cm), water content (17.30–22.80%), pH (4.17–5.05), free acidity (11.0–42.50 meq/kg), lactone acidity (4.0–16.50 meq/kg), and for total acidity (16.50–59.50 meq/kg). In addition, minerals such as K, Na, Mg, Cu, Zn, and Ca of honey samples were determined and potassium was the major mineral in all samples. The antioxidant activities based …
Urine Specimen Validity Test For Drug Abuse Testing In Workplace And Court Settings,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Urine Specimen Validity Test For Drug Abuse Testing In Workplace And Court Settings, S.-Y. Lin, H.-H. Lee, J.-F. Lee, B.-H. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In recent decades, urine drug testing in the workplace has become common in many countries in the world. There have been several studies concerning the use of the urine specimen validity test (SVT) for drug abuse testing administered in the workplace. However, very little data exists concerning the urine SVT on drug abuse tests from court specimens, including dilute, substituted, adulterated, and invalid tests. We investigated 21,696 submitted urine drug test samples for SVT from workplace and court settings in southern Taiwan over 5 years. All immunoassay screen-positive urine specimen drug tests were confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. We found …
Convenient Isolation Of Strictinin-Rich Tea Polyphenol From Chinese Green Tea Extract By Zirconium Phosphate,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Convenient Isolation Of Strictinin-Rich Tea Polyphenol From Chinese Green Tea Extract By Zirconium Phosphate, Y. Ma, Y. Shang, F. Liu, W. Zhang, C. Wang, D. Zhu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Zirconium phosphate (ZrP) was prepared and employed to separate strictinin-rich tea polyphenol from Chinese green tea extracts. The influences of ZrP calcination temperatures, green tea extraction conditions, and the amounts of ZrP on the isolation of strictinin-rich tea polyphenol were evaluated; the absorption and desorption dynamics of strictinin on ZrP were also determined. Our results revealed that the HPLC content of strictinin increased from 4.96% in 70% ethanol extract of green tea to 58.2% in isolated strictinin-rich tea polyphenol obtained by ZrP-900 (ZrP calcined at 900°C). Furthermore, the suitable time for both strictinin absorption and desorption was 4 hours at …
Functional Components In Scutellaria Barbata D. Don With Anti-Inflammatory Activity On Raw 264.7 Cells,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Functional Components In Scutellaria Barbata D. Don With Anti-Inflammatory Activity On Raw 264.7 Cells, H.-L. Liu, T.-H. Kao, C.-Y. Shiau, B.-H. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The objectives of this study were to determine the variety and amount of various functional components in Scutellaria barbata D. Don as well as study their anti-inflammatory activity on RAW 264.7 cells. Both ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts were shown to contain the functional components including phenolics, flavonoids, chlorophylls, and carotenoids, with the former mainly composed of phenolics and flavonoids, and the latter of carotenoids and chlorophylls. Both extracts could significantly inhibit (p < 0.05) the production of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide, prostaglandin E 2 , interlukin-6, and interlukin-1β, as well as the expressions of phosphor extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphor-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), but failed to retard tumor necrosis factor-α expression. Both ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts had a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity on RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory efficiency can be varied for both ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts, which can be attributed to the presence of different varieties and amounts of functional components, as mentioned above. This finding suggested that S. Barbata extract may be used as an anti-inflammatory agent for possible future biomedical application. © 2017
Designing A Biochip Following Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction For The Detection Of Salmonella Serovars Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Infantis, Hadar, And Virchow In Poultry Products,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Designing A Biochip Following Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction For The Detection Of Salmonella Serovars Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Infantis, Hadar, And Virchow In Poultry Products, Y.-C. Chiang, H.-H. Wang, L. Ramireddy, H.-Y. Chen, C.-M. Shih, C.-K. Lin, H.-Y. Tsen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Salmonella-contaminated foods, especially poultry-derived foods (eggs, chicken meat), are the major source of salmonellosis. Not only in the European Union (EU), but also in the United States, Japan, and other countries, has salmonellosis been an issue of concern for food safety control agencies. In 2005, EU regulation 1003/2005 set a target for the control and reduction of five target Salmonella enterica serovars—S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Infantis, S. Hadar, and S. Virchow—in breeding flocks. Thus, a simple biochip for the rapid detection of any of these five Salmonella serovars in poultry products may be required. The objectives of this study …
Tea Silkworm Droppings As An Enriched Source Of Tea Flavonoids,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Tea Silkworm Droppings As An Enriched Source Of Tea Flavonoids, T.-Y. Chou, M.-J. Yang, S.-K. Tseng, S.-S. Lee, C.-C. Chang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Andraca droppings is the waste excreted from the tea biter Andraca theae. Its chemical constituents and potential medical use, unlike those of the traditional Chinese medicine silkworm droppings, have not been reported yet. To explore new nutraceuticals, the chemical constituents of this substance were investigated. Since the bioactive ingredients are generally present in the EtOAc-soluble fraction, this fraction, obtained from the ethanolic extract of the dried Andraca droppings by liquid–liquid partitioning, was separated by chromatographic methods, including Sephadex LH-20, centrifugal partition chromatography, and RP-18 columns, to produce 14 compounds (1–14). They were characterized as 1,7-dimethyl xanthine (1), three benzoic acids …
Vegetable, Fruit, And Phytonutrient Consumption Patterns In Taiwan,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Vegetable, Fruit, And Phytonutrient Consumption Patterns In Taiwan, W.-H. Pan, N.-H. Yeh, R.-Y. Yang, W.-H. Lin, W.-C. Wu, W.-T. Yeh, M.-K. Sung, H.-S. Lee, S.-J. Chang, C.-J. Huang, B.-F. Lin, M.-T. Chiang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Phytonutrients may play important roles in human health and yet only recently a few studies have described phytonutrient consumption patterns, using data obtained from daily consumption methods. We aimed to estimate the phytonutrient content in Taiwanese diets and analyzed main food sources of 10 major phytonutrients. In this study, food items and dietary data gathered with the 24-hour dietary recall from 2908 participants in the 2005–2008 Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan were used to create a food phytonutrient database with 933 plant-based foods through integrating database, literature search, and chemical analysis and to appraise phytonutrient consumption status of participants. …
Antioxidant Activity And Anticancer Effect Of Ethanolic And Aqueous Extracts Of The Roots Of Ficus Beecheyana And Their Phenolic Components,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Antioxidant Activity And Anticancer Effect Of Ethanolic And Aqueous Extracts Of The Roots Of Ficus Beecheyana And Their Phenolic Components, G.-C. Yen, C.-S. Chen, W.-T. Chang, M.-F. Wu, F.-T. Cheng, D.-K. Shiau, C.-L. Hsu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and anticancer effects of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the roots of Ficus beecheyana (EERFB and AERFB) and their phenolic components. In this study, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of EERFB were higher than those of AERFB. Major phenolic compounds in the extracts were gallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, and rutin; which were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Flow cytometric analysis of HL-60 cells exposed to EERFB showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells increased in a dose-dependent manner. EERFB treatment resulted in the loss of mitochondrial …
Protective Effect Of Nelumbo Nucifera Extracts On Beta Amyloid Protein Induced Apoptosis In Pc12 Cells, In Vitro Model Of Alzheimer's Disease,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Protective Effect Of Nelumbo Nucifera Extracts On Beta Amyloid Protein Induced Apoptosis In Pc12 Cells, In Vitro Model Of Alzheimer's Disease, A. Kumaran, C.C. Ho, L.S. Hwang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. β-Amyloid (Aβ) has been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of AD. Deposits of insoluble Aβ are found in the brains of patients with AD and are one of the pathological hallmarks of the disease, but the underlying signaling pathways are poorly understood. In order to develop antidementia agents with potential therapeutic value, we examined the inhibitory effect of the Nelumbo nucifera seed embryo extracts on to the aggregated amyloid β peptide (agg Aβ 1–40 )-induced damage of differentiated PC-12 cells (dPC-12), a well-known cell …
Effects Of Lemongrass Oil And Citral On Hepatic Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes, Oxidative Stress, And Acetaminophen Toxicity In Rats,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effects Of Lemongrass Oil And Citral On Hepatic Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes, Oxidative Stress, And Acetaminophen Toxicity In Rats, C.-C. Li, H.-F. Yu, C.-H. Chang, Y.-T. Liu, H.-T. Yao
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The essential oil from a lemongrass variety of Cymbopogon flexuosus [lemongrass oil (LO)] is used in various food and aroma industry products and exhibits biological activities, such as anticancer and antimicrobial activities. To investigate the effects of 200 LO (200 mg/kg) and 400 LO (400 mg/kg) and its major component, citral (240 mg/kg), on drug-metabolizing enzymes, oxidative stress, and acetaminophen toxicity in the liver, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a pelleted diet and administered LO or citral by gavage for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks of feeding, the effects of LO and citral on the metabolism and toxicity of acetaminophen …
The Effects Of Ficus Carica On The Activity Of Enzymes Related To Metabolic Syndrome,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
The Effects Of Ficus Carica On The Activity Of Enzymes Related To Metabolic Syndrome, R. Mopuri, M. Ganjayi, B. Meriga, N.A. Koorbanally, M.S. Islam
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the various parts of Ficus carica L. (figs) on antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiobesogenic effects in vitro. Fruit, leaves, and stembark of the F. carica plant were sequentially extracted using organic and inorganic solvents and their total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were estimated. The effects of the extracts on antioxidative, antidiabetic (inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes), and antiobesogenic (antilipase) activities were measured using several experimental models. The fruit ethanolic extract contained a high quantity of polyphenols and flavonoids (104.67 ± 5.51 μg/mL and 81.67 ± 4.00 μg/mL) compared with all other …
Extended Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis Profile Of Shiikuwasha (Citrus Depressa Hayata) Pulp Essential Oil,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Extended Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis Profile Of Shiikuwasha (Citrus Depressa Hayata) Pulp Essential Oil, Y. Asikin, S. Kawahira, M. Goki, N. Hirose, S. Kyoda, K. Wada
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Shiikuwasha pulp is an important raw material for producing citrus essential oils. The volatile aroma composition of pulp essential oil was evaluated using gas chromatography (GC) methods, and its aroma profile was assessed using GC-olfactometry with an extended aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) technique in regard to alterations of odor strength and sensorial perception throughout serial dilution steps. The essential oil comprised a mixture of 55 aroma compounds, including monoterpene hydrocarbon, sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, alcohol, aldehyde, ester, and oxide compounds. The predominant compounds were limonene [57.36% (4462.80 mg/100 g of pulp)] and γ-terpinene [25.14% (1956.21 mg/100 g of pulp)]. However, linalool …
Determination Of Carnosic Acid In Rosmarinus Officinalis L. Using Square Wave Voltammetry And Electrochemical Behavior,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Determination Of Carnosic Acid In Rosmarinus Officinalis L. Using Square Wave Voltammetry And Electrochemical Behavior, Ümmihan Taşkoparan Yilmaz, E. Calik, B. Akdulum, H. Yilmaz
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A new, fast, sensitive and simple voltammetric method is established for the direct determination of carnosic acid (CA). And the electroreduction of carnosic acid (CA) was studied using electrochemical methods. The number of electrons transferred in electrode mechanisms were calculated for reversible and adsorption-controlled electrochemical reduction of CA at 17 mV versus Ag/AgCl at pH 7.0 in Britton–Robinson buffer (BR) on a hanging mercury drop electrode. Square-wave voltammetry was developed and validated for direct determination of CA. Square-wave parameters were optimized as accumulation potential = 0.0 mV, accumulation time = 5 s, frequency = 50 Hz, pulse amplitude = 50 …
