Phenolic Compounds And Biological Activities Of Small-Size Citrus: Kumquat And Calamondin,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Phenolic Compounds And Biological Activities Of Small-Size Citrus: Kumquat And Calamondin, S.-N. Lou, C.-T. Ho
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Kumquat and calamondin are two small-size citrus fruits. Owing to their health benefits, they are traditionally used as folk medicine in Asian countries. However, the research on flavonoids and biological activities of kumquat and calamondin have received less attention. This review summarizes the reported quantitative and qualitative data of phenolic compositions in these two fruits. Effects of maturity, harvest time, various solvent extractions and heat treatment of phenolic compositions, and bioactivities were discussed; distributions of the forms of phenolic compounds existing in kumquat and calamondin were also summarized. Furthermore, biological activities, including antioxidant, antityrosinase, antimicrobial, antitumor, and antimetabolic disorder effects, …
Food Macromolecule Based Nanodelivery Systems For Enhancing The Bioavailability Of Polyphenols,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Food Macromolecule Based Nanodelivery Systems For Enhancing The Bioavailability Of Polyphenols, B. Hu, X. Liu, C. Zhang, X. Zeng
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Diet polyphenols—primarily categorized into flavonoids (e.g., flavonols, flavones, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanidins, flavanones, and isoflavones) and nonflavonoids (with major subclasses of stilbenes and phenolic acids)—are reported to have health-promoting effects, such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anticarcinoma, antimicrobial, antiviral, and cardioprotective properties. However, their applications in functional foods or medicine are limited because of their inefficient systemic delivery and poor oral bioavailability. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, curcumin, and resveratrol are the well-known representatives of the bioactive diet polyphenols but with poor bioavailability. Food macromolecule based nanoparticles have been fabricated using reassembled proteins, crosslinked polysaccharides, protein–polysaccharide conjugates (complexes), as well as emulsified lipid via safe procedures that could …
Macrophages In Oxidative Stress And Models To Evaluate The Antioxidant Function Of Dietary Natural Compounds,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Macrophages In Oxidative Stress And Models To Evaluate The Antioxidant Function Of Dietary Natural Compounds, O.A. Castaneda, S.-C. Lee, C.-T. Ho, T.-C. Huang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Antioxidant testing of natural products has attracted increasing interest in recent years, mainly due to the fact that an antioxidant-rich diet might provide health benefits. Activated macrophages are a major source of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and peroxynitrite generated through the so-called respiratory burst. Constitutively released proinflammatory cytokine, especially tumor necrosis factor-α, triggers nuclear factor-κB, and activator protein-1 translocation leading to the over production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in macrophages. Activation of transcription factors in the long-lived tissue-resident macrophages and/or monocyte-derived macrophages, trigger epigenetic modifications leading to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Nutraceuticals including …
Extraction, Bioavailability, And Bioefficacy Of Capsaicinoids,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Extraction, Bioavailability, And Bioefficacy Of Capsaicinoids, M. Lu, C.-T. Ho, Q. Huang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Capsaicinoids are active constituents responsible for the pungent and spicy flavor in chili peppers. During the past few decades, various extraction methods of capsaicinoids from peppers have been developed with high yields. Through biological studies, pharmacological benefits have been reported such as pain relief, antiinflammation, anticancer, cardio-protection, as well as weight loss. In this paper, the extraction methods and bioavailability of capsaicinoids are reviewed and discussed. In addition, the pharmacological effects and their underlying mechanisms are also studied. © 2016
Multifunctions Of Dietary Polyphenols In The Regulation Of Intestinal Inflammation,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Multifunctions Of Dietary Polyphenols In The Regulation Of Intestinal Inflammation, M. Shimizu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Food for specified health use is a type of functional food approved by the Japanese government, with more than 1250 products in 10 health-claim categories being approved as of April 2016. Polyphenols are currently used as functional ingredients in seven of the 10 categories. Although they have not yet been used for the food-for-specified-health-use category of “gut health promotion,” polyphenols are expected to contribute to the future development of gut-modulating food. Intestinal functions include digestion/absorption, acting as a barrier, recognition of external factors, and signal transduction. Owing to incessant exposure to external stress factors including food substances, bacteria, and environmental …
Autophagy-Inducing Effect Of Pterostilbene: A Prospective Therapeutic/Preventive Option For Skin Diseases,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Autophagy-Inducing Effect Of Pterostilbene: A Prospective Therapeutic/Preventive Option For Skin Diseases, R.-J. Chen, Y.-H. Lee, Y.-L. Yeh, W.-S. Wu, C.-T. Ho, C.-Y. Li, B.-J. Wang, Y.-J. Wang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Pterostilbene is a naturally occurring analog of resveratrol with many health benefits. These health benefits are associated with its antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, and chemopreventive effects attributed to its unique structure. The skin cancer chemopreventive potential of pterostilbene is supported by a variety of mechanistic studies confirming the anti-inflammatory effects in skin cancer models. Molecular biological studies have identified that pterostilbene targets pleotropic signaling pathways, including those involved in mitogenesis, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. Recently, pterostilbene has been reported to induce autophagy in cancer and normal cells. Through autophagy induction, the inflammatory-related skin diseases can be attenuated. This finding …
Techniques And Methods To Study Functional Characteristics Of Emulsion Systems,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Techniques And Methods To Study Functional Characteristics Of Emulsion Systems, Y.-T. Hu, Y. Ting, J.-Y. Hu, S.-C. Hsieh
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
With the growing popularity of the functional food market, bioactive ingredients from natural sources are discovered one after another for their ability to promote better health and prevent chronic diseases. Emulsion, widely occurring in many food systems, has become a popular vehicle to facilitate the incorporation of bioactive components into the food system. Depending on the designated functionality, an emulsion can be developed with various physical and chemical properties. To ensure the successful development of a high-quality emulsion-based system to serve their purpose in food, knowledge of the analytical methods that could efficiently evaluate their quality parameters is important for …
Chemistry And Health Effects Of Furanocoumarins In Grapefruit,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Chemistry And Health Effects Of Furanocoumarins In Grapefruit, W.-L. Hung, J.H. Suh, Y. Wang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Furanocoumarins are a specific group of secondary metabolites that commonly present in higher plants, such as citrus plants. The major furanocoumarins found in grapefruits (Citrus paradisi) include bergamottin, epoxybergamottin, and 6′,7′-dihydroxybergamottin. During biosynthesis of these furanocoumarins, coumarins undergo biochemical modifications corresponding to a prenylation reaction catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 enzymes with the subsequent formation of furan rings. Because of undesirable interactions with several medications, many studies have developed methods for grapefruit furanocoumarin quantification that include high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detector or mass spectrometry. The distribution of furanocoumarins in grapefruits is affected by several environmental conditions, such as …
Polyphenols With Antiglycation Activity And Mechanisms Of Action: A Review Of Recent Findings,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Polyphenols With Antiglycation Activity And Mechanisms Of Action: A Review Of Recent Findings, W.-J. Yeh, S.-M. Hsia, W.-H. Lee, C.-H. Wu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are substances composed of amino groups of proteins and reducing sugars. The initial and propagation phases of the glycation process are accompanied by the production of a large amount of free radicals, carbonyl species, and reactive dicarbonyl species, of which, methylglyoxal (MG) is the most reactive and can cause dicarbonyl stress, influencing normal physiological functions. In the advanced phase, the production of AGEs and the interaction between AGEs and their receptor, RAGE, are also considered to be among the causes of chronic diseases, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reaction. Till date, multiple physiological activities of polyphenols …
Black Garlic: A Critical Review Of Its Production, Bioactivity, And Application,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Black Garlic: A Critical Review Of Its Production, Bioactivity, And Application, S. Kimura, Y.-C. Tung, M.-H. Pan, N.-W. Su, Y.-J. Lai, K.-C. Cheng
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Black garlic is obtained from fresh garlic (Allium sativum L.) that has been fermented for a period of time at a controlled high temperature (60–90°C) under controlled high humidity (80–90%). When compared with fresh garlic, black garlic does not release a strong offensive flavor owing to the reduced content of allicin. Enhanced bioactivity of black garlic compared with that of fresh garlic is attributed to its changes in physicochemical properties. Studies concerning the fundamental findings of black garlic, such as its production, bioactivity, and applications, have thus been conducted. Several types of black garlic products are also available in the …
Biopharmaceutical Potentials Of Prosopis Spp. (Mimosaceae, Leguminosa),
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Biopharmaceutical Potentials Of Prosopis Spp. (Mimosaceae, Leguminosa), S. Henciya, P. Seturaman, A.R. James, Y.-H. Tsai, R. Nikam, Y.-C. Wu, H.-U. Dahms, F.R. Chang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Prosopis is a commercially important plant genus, which has been used since ancient times, particularly for medicinal purposes. Traditionally, Paste, gum, and smoke from leaves and pods are applied for anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial purposes. Components of Prosopis such as flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, quinones, or phenolic compounds demonstrate potentials in various biofunctions, such as analgesic, anthelmintic, antibiotic, antiemetic, microbial antioxidant, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antipustule, and antiulcer activities; enhancement of H+, K+, ATPases; oral disinfection; and probiotic and nutritional effects; as well as in other biopharmaceutical applications, such as binding abilities for tablet production. The compound juliflorine provides a cure in …
Functional Study Of Cordyceps Sinensis And Cordycepin In Male Reproduction: A Review,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Functional Study Of Cordyceps Sinensis And Cordycepin In Male Reproduction: A Review, Y.-C. Chen, Y.-H. Chen, B.-S. Pan, M.-M. Chang, B.-M. Huang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Cordyceps sinensis has various biological and pharmacological functions, and it has been claimed as a tonic supplement for sexual and reproductive dysfunctions for a long time in oriental society. In this article, the in vitro and in vivo effects of C. sinensis and cordycepin on mouse Leydig cell steroidogenesis are briefly described, the stimulatory mechanisms are summarized, and the recent findings related to the alternative substances regulating male reproductive functions are also discussed. © 2016
Chemopreventive Effect Of Natural Dietary Compounds On Xenobiotic-Induced Toxicity,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Chemopreventive Effect Of Natural Dietary Compounds On Xenobiotic-Induced Toxicity, J.-C. Wu, C.-S. Lai, M.-L. Tsai, C.-T. Ho, Y.-J. Wang, M.-H. Pan
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Contaminants (or pollutants) that affect human health have become an important issue, spawning a myriad of studies on how to prevent harmful contaminant-induced effects. Recently, a variety of biological functions of natural dietary compounds derived from consumed foods and plants have been demonstrated in a number of studies. Natural dietary compounds exhibited several beneficial effects for the prevention of disease and the inhibition of chemically-induced carcinogenesis. Contaminant-induced toxicity and carcinogenesis are mostly attributed to the mutagenic activity of reactive metabolites and the disruption of normal biological functions. Therefore, the metabolic regulation of hazardous chemicals is key to reducing contaminant-induced adverse …
An Apple A Day To Prevent Cancer Formation: Reducing Cancer Risk With Flavonoids,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
An Apple A Day To Prevent Cancer Formation: Reducing Cancer Risk With Flavonoids, S.-H. Tu, L.-C. Chen, Y.-S. Ho
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The purpose of this review is to update and discuss key findings from in vitro and in vivo studies on apple and its biocompounds, with a special focus on its anticancer role. Several studies have proposed that apple and its extracts exhibit a variety of biological functions that may contribute to health benefits including beneficial effects against chronic heart and vascular disorders, respiratory and pulmonary dysfunction, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanism(s) of various components in apple, as established in previous studies that indicated their growth-inhibitory effects in various cancer cell types. Moreover, an …
Preface,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
4-O-Caffeoylquinic Acid As An Antioxidant Marker For Mulberry Leaves Rich In Phenolic Compounds,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
4-O-Caffeoylquinic Acid As An Antioxidant Marker For Mulberry Leaves Rich In Phenolic Compounds, J.G. Ganzon, L.-G. Chen, C.-C. Wang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves are widely used as herbal tea to prevent heat stroke. Potential chemical markers of the antioxidant properties and its correlation with harvesting times and leaf location were explored in this study. A 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay guided isolation of mulberry leaves extract provided five phenolic compounds: 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (1), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (2), gastrodin (3), isoquercetin (4) and rutin (5). The 50% radical-scavenging concentrations (SC50) of these compounds were 32.76 ± 0.27, 11.41 ± 0.48, 404.30 ± 4.92, 10.63 ± 0.96, and 10.57 ± 0.61 μg/mL, respectively. Chromatographic fingerprinting allowed content analysis of 1–5 in samples …
Lactic Acid Bacteria-Fermented Product Of Green Tea And Houttuynia Cordata Leaves Exerts Anti-Adipogenic And Anti-Obesity Effects,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Lactic Acid Bacteria-Fermented Product Of Green Tea And Houttuynia Cordata Leaves Exerts Anti-Adipogenic And Anti-Obesity Effects, L.-C. Wang, T.-M. Pan, T.-Y. Tsai
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Obesity is associated with higher risks of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Green tea, rich in polyphenolic compounds such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epigallocatechin (EGC), has been shown to display anti-obesity effects. Houttuynia cordata leaves have also been shown to exhibit anti-obesity effects due to their chlorogenic acid content. Lactic acid bacteria are able to increase the production of polyphenolic compounds. This study aims to develop a novel anti-obesity fermentation product by combining H. cordata leaf tea with green tea, using Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 (NTU 101) for fermentation due to the advantages of bioconverting the polyphenolic …
Enantioseparation Of Phenothiazines Through Capillary Electrophoresis With Solid Phase Extraction And Polymer Based Stacking,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Enantioseparation Of Phenothiazines Through Capillary Electrophoresis With Solid Phase Extraction And Polymer Based Stacking, W.-B. Tseng, M.-M. Hsieh, T.-C. Chiu, P.-L. Yu, S.-H. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
This study developed a sensitive method involving capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with ultraviolet absorption for the simultaneous separation of chiral phenothiazine drugs at nanomolar concentration levels. The method consists of hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (Hp-γ-CD) as a chiral selector and poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDAC)-based CE. Five pairs of D,L-phenothiazines were baseline separated using a background electrolyte containing 0.9% PDDAC, 5 mM Hp-γ-CD, and 100 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris)-formate (pH 3.0). The five pairs were successfully stacked on the basis of the difference in viscosity between the PDDAC-containing background electrolyte and the sample solution, with almost no loss of resolution. The combination of a solid-phase …
Mulberry Leaf Extract Inhibit Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Proliferation Via Depressing Il-6 And Tnf-Α Derived From Adipocyte,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Mulberry Leaf Extract Inhibit Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Proliferation Via Depressing Il-6 And Tnf-Α Derived From Adipocyte, C.-H. Chang, Y.-T. Chang, T.-H. Tseng, C.-J. Wang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Epidemiological studies have revealed that obesity and being overweight are associated with increased cancer risk. Adipose tissue is regarded as an endocrine organ that secretes proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which are related to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, adipocytes from 3T3-L1 cells were induced and stained with Oil Red O, which revealed marked intracellular lipid accumulation. Adding 15% conditioned medium (CM) from adipogenic -differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, which contained adipocyte-derived factors, to a culture medium of HepG2 cells was discovered to promote cell proliferation by a factor of up to …
Elemental Profile And Oxygen Isotope Ratio (Δ18o) For Verifying The Geographical Origin Of Chinese Wines,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Elemental Profile And Oxygen Isotope Ratio (Δ18o) For Verifying The Geographical Origin Of Chinese Wines, S. Fan, Q. Zhong, H. Gao, D. Wang, G. Li, Z. Huang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The elemental profile and oxygen isotope ratio (δ18O) of 188 wine samples collected from the Changji, Mile, and Changli regions in China were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), respectively. By combining the data of δ18O and the concentration data of 52 elements, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique was firstly applied to obtain the important descriptors for the discrimination of the three geographical origins. Ca, Al, Mg, B, Fe, K, Rb, Mn, Na, P, Co, Ga, As, Sr, and δ18O were identified as the …
