Nutrition Commons^™

In Vitro Analysis Of Short Chain Fatty Acids And Human Fecal Microbiota Stimulated By Pectin Sources, Byungjick Min

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

As interest increases for colonic health, various studies have been conducted to investigate functional ingredients for host health and prevention of chronic disease in humans such as colon cancer and Type 2 diabetes. In particular dietary fiber has been reported to have beneficial effects on colonic health. More recently, dietary fiber has been categorized based on its characteristics and numerous studies have been conducted to determine correlations with chronic diseases. Pectin is a naturally occurring biopolymer that has been used in various applications for purposes of pharmaceutical and biotechnology. Pectin is a soluble dietary fiber and can be entirely fermented …

Development Of Food Safety Education And Pilot Study Specifically For Native Americans Audiences, Kristine M. Foley

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The purpose of this study was to develop and implement a culturally appropriate food safety educational program using the conceptual change teaching method while preparing a meal. The food safety educational program was based on the FightBac!™ concepts (CLEAN, SEPARATE, COOK AND CHILL). Quantitative and qualitative date were collected, compared, and analyzed. Two pilot studies were conducted with Native American participants on non-reservation sites in Omaha and Lincoln. A total of 27 participants completed a pre and post knowledge survey and were video recorded preparing a meal. The majority of the participants were female (78%), had at least a high …

Vitamin And Mineral Intake Relative To The Dris In Young Adults, Samantha M. Coogan

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

INTRODUCTION: In general, most college-aged students live highly, and newly, independent lives. Although campuses offer wide varieties of food choices, most choices do not meet the standards set by the RDA or DRIs, per NHANES 1999-2000.

METHODS: In order to document these eating patterns, 1001 male (n=379) and female (n=622) college-aged students quantified dietary intake for three consecutive days using the food log method. Assessment reports were generated and analyzed in order to determine the percentage of the DRI in both males and females, and groups with a BMI of less than 20 and greater than 30. Tests for correlation …

Reading And Listening To Music Increase Resting Energy Expenditure During Indirect Calorimetry In Healthy Adults , Blaire Snell

Theses and Dissertations

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics has developed an evidence analysis library (EAL) for Nutrition and Dietetics professionals. The EAL is updated by members through workgroups consisting of experts in their fields, most often in response to unanswered questions. One such question is: what kinds of activities can be done during the rest period of an indirect calorimetry test in a healthy population? The objective of our study was to determine if listening to self-selected relaxing music or reading on an electronic device or a magazine effects resting energy expenditure (REE) as measured by an indirect calorimetry test in a …

Evaluation Of The Relationship Between Nutrition Knowledge And Disordered Eating Risk In Female Collegiate Athletes, Amy L. Miracle

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Involvement in collegiate sports among female athletes is at an all-time high with approximately 198,000 currently participating, (National Collegiate Athletic Association, 2012). With this increase in female participation in collegiate sports, the pressures of sport participation and academics lead some women to engage in harmful eating behaviors. These harmful eating behaviors may lead to the development of disordered eating (C. Johnson, Powers, & Dick, 1999; Quatromoni, 2008; Reel, SooHoo, Petrie, Greenleaf, & Carter, 2010; Reinking & Alexander, 2005). Many factors have been identified as contributing to the development of disordered eating but nutrition knowledge or lack thereof, has yet to …

Vitamin D Status And Bone Mineral Density In Triathletes, Michelle Konstantarakis

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Purpose: The purposes of this study were first to assess the vitamin D status and bone mineral density (BMD) in male and triathletes (N=15), female triathletes (N=13), and non-athletes (N=14), and to determine if circulating vitamin D was correlated with body composition, BMD, dietary calcium and vitamin D intake in triathletes. The second purpose was to determine if triathletes have a different level of serum vitamin D, body composition, BMD, dietary calcium and vitamin D intake then non-athletes. The third purpose was to determine if BMD was correlated with body composition (body mass, percent body fat, BMI) in triathletes.

Methods: …

Effect Of Functional Starch In Brown Rice And Grain Sorghum On Plasma Glucose And Insulin Responses In Humans, Nicole Marie Poquette

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Diabetes and obesity are chronic illnesses increasing at dramatic rates in the U.S. and around the world. Research has looked to prevent or control diabetes and obesity through functional ingredients such as healthy-dietary carbohydrates to control blood glucose levels. Starch is a principle carbohydrate, which influences blood glucose levels, and measuring starch digestibility fractions can help predict the glucose response in the body. The objectives of this study were to investigate the functional starch content of parboiled brown rice flour and grain sorghum flour, and measure the effects on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin levels of 14 and 10 healthy …

Anti-Cancer Effects Of Garcinol In Pancreatic Cancer Transgenic Mouse Model, Nadia Saadat

Wayne State University Dissertations

Adenocarcinoma of pancreas is recognized for its poor prognosis, as it progresses asymptomatically and is rarely diagnosed at early stage. According to American cancer society pancreatic cancer, it has lowest survival rate in all cancer types, with less than 6% five year survival rate. Surgical resection is only possible for 20% of diagnosed cases and current chemotherapy has only 15% response rate. Even the most favored drug, Gemcitabine, increases survival time only by a few months, depending on the stage at diagnosis. Some bioactive food components or nutraceuticals have shown chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects without added side effects. Garcinol is …

Table For One, Food For Two: A Socio-Economic Perspective On American Obesity, Celestina Victoria Brunetti

Honors Theses - Providence Campus

Research indicates that obesity is linked to socio-economic factors and genetics. Both have an impact on whether a person is or becomes obese. The paper focuses on the impact of the change in food supply along with socio-economic factors, specifically access, time, and cost, and how these factors have affected the American obesity epidemic. This was assessed in part through a case study of the Smith Hill area of Providence, Rhode Island, a food desert that is comprised mainly of Americans near the poverty line, and the Wellspring La Jolla camp—a camp for overweight children from upper-middle class families. The …

Enhanced Water, Winston J. Craig

Lake Union Herald

No abstract provided.

Lifestyle, Dietary Factors, And Antibody Levels To Oral Bacteria In Cancer-Free Participants Of A European Cohort Study, Dominique S. Michaud, Jacques Izard, Zachary Rubin, Ingegerd Johansson, Elisabete Weiderpass, Anne Tjønneland, Anja Olsen, Kim Overvad, Marie Christine Boutron-Ruault, Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, Laure Dossus, Rudolf Kaaks, Verena A. Katzke, Heiner Boeing, Jana Foerster, Antonia Trichopoulou, Androniki Naska, Giana Ziara, Paolo Vineis, Sara Grioni, Domenico Palli, Rosario Tumino, Amalia Mattiello, Petra Hm Peeters, Peter D. Siersema, Aurelio Barricarte, José-María Huerta, Esther Molina-Montes, Miren Dorronsoro, J. Ramón Quirós, Eric J. Duell, Bodil Ohlsson, Bengt Jeppsson, Anders Johansson, Pernilla Lif, Kay-Tee Khaw, Nick Wareham, Ruth C. Travis, Tim J. Key, Heinz Freisling, Talita Duarte-Salles, Magdalena Stepien, Elio Riboli, H. Bas Bueno-De- Mesquita

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that oral microbiota play a pivotal role in chronic diseases, in addition to the well-established role in periodontal disease. Moreover, recent studies suggest that oral bacteria may also be involved in carcinogenesis; periodontal disease has been linked several cancers. In this study, we examined whether lifestyle factors have an impact on antibody levels to oral bacteria.

Methods: Data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and medical conditions were obtained at the time of blood sample collection. For the current analysis, we measured antibody levels to 25 oral bacteria in 395 cancer-free individuals using an immunoblot …

The Effects Of White Bass (Morone Chrysops) Predation On Juvenile June Suckers (Chasmistes Liorus), Michael J. Whitney, Dr. Mark C. Belk

Journal of Undergraduate Research

We estimated the vulnerability of juvenile June suckers to predation by a growing cohort of juvenile white bass. Also, habitat preference of juvenile white bass (open versus vegetated habitats) in the presence and absence of adult white bass was determined experimentally. Juvenile white bass preferred vegetated habitats similar to juvenile June suckers. June suckers are most vulnerable to juvenile white bass immediately after they hatch and move downstream into Utah Lake. Vulnerability decreases during the summer until by the end of the growing season. Only a small fraction of the juvenile June sucker population is potentially vulnerable to juvenile white …

Anterior-Posterior Limb Position Is Dependent On The Relative Timing Of Key Embryonic Events, Tyler Prestwich, Dr. Michael Stark

Journal of Undergraduate Research

To better understand embryonic events leading to the determination of limb position along the anterior-posterior (A-P) axis, we compared pre-limb bud stage developmental morphology of three vertebrate organisms: chicken, goose and swan. These organisms were selected because of the differences each exhibit with regard to the A-P location of the forelimbs, or more specifically, the number of cervical vertebrae. By observing disparities between the embryonic morphologies of the different species, we were able to identify specific morphological distinctions that correlate with A-P patterning. Based on the data obtained, we hypothesize a mechanism whereby a delay in embryonic “differentiation” in relationship …

Selenium Moderation Of Estrogen Receptor-Beta (Er-B) Activation: A Mechanism For Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention, Josie Johnson, Dr. Merrill J. Christensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men (1). Results from a prospective cancer prevention trial showed that Se supplementation reduced prostate cancer incidence by 63% (2). One molecular mechanism by which Se may protect against prostate cancer is moderation of the conformation and associated activity of redox-regulated proteins, including some transcription factors (3). Previous work in our laboratory showed that Se affects the expression of genes responsive to the redox-regulated transcription factor NF-kB in human prostate cancer (LNCaP) cells (4). Estrogen receptor-beta (ER-b) is another redox-regulated transcription factor. We report that Se treatment of LNCaP …

The Role Of Ap-1 And Related Inhibitors In Cortisol Secretion And Inflammation, D. Craig Seager, Dr. Allan Judd

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) increases the secretion of cortisol from bovine adrenal zona fasciculata (ZF) and human adrenal tumor H295R cells. However, the biochemical mechanisms involved in IL- 6-stimulated cortisol secretion are not well understood. In previous studies, it has been determined that IL-6 increases the phosphorylation of Janus kinases (JAK) and signal transducer and activators of transcription (STATs). In many tissues, the JAK-STAT pathway and the activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathways interact. AP-1 is composed of homodimers and heterodimers of the proteins c-Fos, c-Jun, JunB, and JunD. Therefore, in this study we determined the effects of IL-6 on the cellular content of …

Long-Term Preservation Of Breadfruit, Cassava, And Taro By Solar-Drying In The Pacific Islands Area, Jonathan Pratt Rowe

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Cassava, taro, and breadfruit are critical food sources indigenous to the Pacific islands. Because they serve as the main source of energy for 500 million people, their availability is vital to the survival of these people. In addition to the energy provided, these plants also provide essential vitamins and minerals. Generally, cassava, taro, and breadfruit are grown with relative ease and abundance. Their physical and chemical properties, however, are not conducive to storage, and as a result, much is wasted.

Theory Of Planned Behavior To Predict Multivitamin/Mineral Use, Heather Petraszko

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

This health behavior research study utilizes the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explore female collegiate lightweight rowers' (FCLR) decision to use multivitamin/mineral supplements (MVS). This study aimed to determine the relationship between FCLR salient beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control (PBC) towards MVS, intention to use MVS, and use of MVS. Subjects were recruited from sixteen collegiate lightweight women's rowing programs within the United States and Canada and asked to complete an online survey. Results confirmed that the subjects' attitudes and PBC, but not subjective norms, were associated with intention to use MVS. In agreement with TPB …

A Comparison Of The Impact Of A Heart-Healthy Diet Versus Paleolithic Nutrition On Hyperlipidemia In Adults, Robert Pastore

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Paleolithic nutrition can optimize serum lipids in adults with hyperlipidemia who have been on a heart-healthy diet based on the current recommendations by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (the Academy) or the American Heart Association (AHA). Twenty subjects (10 male and 10 female) age 40 to 62 were selected based on the criteria of a diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia. Subjects were not taking any cholesterol lowering medication and had followed a calorie-controlled diet, based on either the dietary principles of the Academy or the AHA, for at least four months followed by a Paleolithic diet for four months. Multivariate analysis …

Supplement Shortfall, Winston J. Craig

Lake Union Herald

No abstract provided.

Natural Genetic Variation Affecting Calcium Homeostasis, Rebecca Anna Replogle

Open Access Dissertations

Calcium (Ca) is essential for multiple functions within the body including skeletal health. The level of Ca in the serum is tightly regulated. During periods of habitual low Ca intake, the body senses a decrease in serum Ca and increases renal conversion of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D). 1,25(OH)2D acts through the vitamin D receptor (VDR) to increase intestinal Ca absorption, renal Ca reabsorption and skeletal Ca resorption. Efficient intestinal Ca absorption, especially during periods of low Ca intake, is critical for protecting bone mass. Ca absorption and its primary regulator, 1,25(OH)2D, are affected by both …