Nutrition Commons^™

Feasibility And Acceptability Of An Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Intervention: Results From The Healthy Homes, Healthy Families Pilot Study, Akilah Dulin Keita, Patricia M. Risica, Kelli L. Drenner, Ingrid Adams, Gemma Gorham, Kim M. Gans

Faculty Publications

Background. This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a home-based early childhood obesity prevention intervention designed to empower low-income racially/ethnically diverse parents to modify their children’s health behaviors. Methods. We used a prospective design with pre-/posttest evaluation of 50 parent-child pairs (children aged 2 to 5 years) to examine potential changes in dietary, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors among children at baseline and four-month follow-up. Results. 39 (78%) parent-child pairs completed evaluation data at 4-month follow-up. Vegetable intake among children significantly increased at follow-up (0.54 cups at 4 months compared to 0.28 cups at baseline, 𝑃 …

South Dakota Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (Prams)-Like 2014 Data Report, Bonny Specker, Wei Bai, Teresa Binkley, Tianna Beare, Kriston Koepp, Maggie Minett, Loralie Peterson, Lee Weidauer, Howard Wey

Ethel Austin Martin Program Publications

The health status of South Dakotans is commonly reported from public health surveillance surveys. Surveys such as the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) provide information that is used by policy makers, public health professionals, advocacy groups, health care organizations, and others to develop initiatives to improve the health of the population. South Dakota has one of the highest infant mortality rates in the U.S., ranking in the bottom half of states, yet there are little data available on factors that influence health behaviors and attitudes of mothers that can ultimately influence birth outcomes. The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System …

Dietary Supplement Labeling: Cognitive Biases, Market Manipulation & Consumer Choice, Michael Mccann

Law Faculty Scholarship

There exists increasing concern that the Dietary Supplements Health and Education Act (DSHEA) has proven ineffective. Much of the concern regards the disparity in legislative treatment between dietary supplements, foods, and pharmaceutical drugs. Namely, while pharmaceutical drugs must undergo years of costly pre-market testing, most supplements, like foods, can immediately enter the market, and only after repeated instances of adverse reactions can the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) remove them. Such a framework appears to belie both consumer expectations and marketing strategies, as supplements tend to be most perceived for their apparent medicinal qualities. This philosophy of waiting for a …

The Effectiveness Of Telemedicine For Weight Management In The Move! Program, April D. Ahrendt, Kendra K. Kattelmann, Thomas S. Rector, David A Maddox

Health and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

PURPOSE: To examine the effectiveness of videoconferencing technology for delivering comprehensive weight management treatment.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted by extraction of data from medical records for the years 2008-2010. The treatment included a series of 12 weekly MOVE!® classes delivered using videoconferencing. Data were extracted from the time of baseline weight to 1 year after baseline weight for the MOVE! participants (n = 60) and from a concurrent control group (n = 60) that did not participate in MOVE! treatment.
FINDINGS: Results indicated that the MOVE! group lost weight while the control group gained weight, resulting in …

“I Am A Vegetarian”: Reflections On A Way Of Being, Kenneth J. Shapiro

Human Health Collection

Employing a qualitative method adapted from phenomenological psychology, the paper presents a socio-psychological portrait of a vegetarian. Descriptives are a product of the author’s reflection on (dialogue with) empirical findings and published personal accounts, interviews, and case studies. The paper provides evidence for the hypothesis that vegetarianism is a way of being. This way of experiencing and living in the world is associated with particular forms of relationship to self, to other animals and nature, and to other people. The achievement of this way of being, particularly in the interpersonal sphere, comprises an initial, a transitional, and a crystallizing phase …

A Community-Based Exercise Intervention Transitions Metabolically Abnormal Obese Adults To A Metabolically Healthy Obese Phenotype, Lance C. Dalleck, Gary Van Guilder, Tara B. Richardson, Donald L. Bredle, Jeffery M. Janot

Health and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Lower habitual physical activity and poor cardiorespiratory fitness are common features of the metabolically abnormal obese (MAO) phenotype that contribute to increased cardiovascular disease risk. The aims of the present study were to determine 1) whether community-based exercise training transitions MAO adults to metabolically healthy, and 2) whether the odds of transition to metabolically healthy were larger for obese individuals who performed higher volumes of exercise and/or experienced greater increases in fitness. Methods and results: Metabolic syndrome components were measured in 332 adults (190 women, 142 men) before and after a supervised 14-week community-based exercise program designed to reduce …

Gastrointestinal Problems In Children With Autism, Developmental Delays Or Typical Development, Virginia Chaidez, Robin L. Hansen, Irva Hertz-Picciotto

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Abstract To compare gastrointestinal (GI) problems among children with: (1) autism spectrum disorder (ASD), (2) developmental delay (DD) and (3) typical development (TD), GI symptom frequencies were obtained for 960 children from the CHildhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment (CHARGE) study. We also examined scores on five Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) subscales comparing ASD children with high versus low frequency GI symptoms. Compared to TD children, those with ASD [aOR 7.92 (4.89–12.85)] and DD [aOR 4.55 (2.51–8.24)] were more likely to have at least one frequent GI symptom. Restricting to ASD children, those with frequent abdominal pain, gaseousness, diarrhea, …

Letter From The Dean, Michael Vayda

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 15 2014, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Multifaceted Nutritional Intervention In Hemodialysis Patients, Zulfitri Azuan Mat Daud

Wayne State University Dissertations

Mortality rate in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD) in the United States remain unacceptably high despite improvement in dialysis technology. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) account for more than 50% of the premature death in this population. Evidences indicate that the accelerated CVD are attributed to by malnutrition, inflammation, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress. Dietary intervention using nutrients with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential lipid altering properties to correct the aforementioned problems remain inconclusive. Furthermore, such nutritional intervention trial is often hampered by poor compliance related to medical and socioeconomic barriers. Therefore, a series of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trials were undertaken to document …

Uracil Accumulation Response To Folate Depletion Is A Function Of Dna Repair Imbalance That May Be A Mechanism Of Aging, Hongzhi Ma

Wayne State University Dissertations

Folate is an essential nutrient for human. They carry and transfer one carbon units. They has important biological functions during many reactions, like DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis, DNA methylation, DNA repair, cell division and growth. Through biochemical techniques to determine the gene expression, enzyme activity, uracil level in DNA, and through microbiological assay to determine the folate level, elucidates mechanism of uracil accumulation response to folate depletion. The findings present folate deficiency status affects the uracil DNA glycosylase activity, and uracil initiated DNA base excising repair. DNA repair ability decide whether there is uracil accumulation under the folate depletion condition …

Metabolic Syndrome In Obese African American Adolescents, Yulyu Yeh

Wayne State University Dissertations

Limited research regarding metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been conducted in obese African American adolescents (OAAA) using the International Diabetes Federation IDF criteria. MetS is a constellation of risk factors that increase the risk for chronic diseases and is defined as presence of any 3 or more of the 5 criteria: fasting glucose 100mg/dl, waist circumference 90th percentile, triglycerides 150 mg/dl, blood pressure (BP) 130/85 mmHg and HDL < 40mg/dl. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of MetS in OAAA by using the IDF criteria and the relationship with diet, fast food consumption, nutrition knowledge, home food environment (HFE), and serum calcium, leptin, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (1, 25 D3) levels. One hundred and fifty one OAAA (mean age: 14.3 ± 1.4 years, 65.6% girls, mean BMI: 37.4±7.2 kg/m2) in a metropolitan area took part in this study. Anthropometric data and fasting blood samples were collected. Participants completed a set of questionnaires regarding diet, fast food consumption, and nutrition knowledge. HFE was completed by the care givers. The MetS rate for OAAA was 61.6% and boys had higher MetS than girls (73.1%, 55.6% respectively). OAAA without MetS had higher serum calcium and 1,25 D3 level but no significant difference were found in food consumption, nutrition knowledge, and HFE. Total cholesterol /HDL ratio and Insulin resistance increased the odds of MetS by 55% and 10% and 1,25 D3 decrease the odds of MetS by 2%. Even though high fast food consumption, lack of nutrition knowledge and poor food environment were negatively associated with obesity, they didn't contribute to MetS. Increase serum vitamin D and calcium level might be beneficial to reduce MetS in OAAA population.

Pharmacological Targeting Of The Mammalian Clock Regulates Sleep Architecture And Emotional Behaviour, Subhashis Banerjee, Yongjun Wang, Laura A. Solt, Kristine Griffett, Melissa Kazantzis, Ariadna Amador, Bahaa M. El-Gendy, Salvador Huitron-Resendiz, Amanda J. Roberts, Youseung Shin, Theodore M. Kamenecka, Thomas P. Burris

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Synthetic drug-like molecules that directly modulate the activity of key clock proteins offer the potential to directly modulate the endogenous circadian rhythm and treat diseases associated with clock dysfunction. Here we demonstrate that synthetic ligands targeting a key component of the mammalian clock, the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and β, regulate sleep architecture and emotional behaviour in mice. REV-ERB agonists induce wakefulness and reduce REM and slow-wave sleep. Interestingly, REV-ERB agonists also reduce anxiety-like behaviour. These data are consistent with increased anxiety-like behaviour of REV-ERBβ-null mice, in which REV-ERB agonists have no effect. These results indicate that pharmacological targeting of REV-ERB …

Effects Of Acute And Chronic Sleep Deprivation On Eating Behavior, Stephanie Frank

Lewis Honors College Capstone Collection

Sleep-deprivation is thought to be a factor in the rising American obesity epidemic. Altered sleep cycles affect appetite-regulating hormone levels and enhance the hedonic effect of food consumption. As a result, sleep restriction has been associated with an increased daily energy intake of more than 500 calories and high-carbohydrate/high-fat consumption. However, past studies have not examined the relationship between sleep deprivation and decreased intake of nutrient-dense fruits and vegetables as a factor in increased energy consumption. This paper aims to 1) determine the affect average hours of sleep or acute sleep deprivation (defined as less than 6 hour sleep per …

Prevalence And Prevention Of The Female Athlete Triad, Elizabeth Dachenhaus

Honors Projects

A study was composed to analyze the three components of the female athlete triad: disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. The cyclic behavior of these three components and determination of which of the pillars of the triad is the most dangerous was also focused on. In order to test the prevalence of disordered eating among women’s collegiate teams, a brief survey was distributed and analyzed among athletes at Bowling Green State University. In addition to confirming that women in aesthetic sports experience a greater amount of disordered eating on the team, the survey also identified women that participated in sports perceived …

Food Shopping Habits And The Association With Diet, Crystal Danielle West

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

Research suggests that the connection between poor diet and obesity among rural residents may be partially explained by limited access to healthy foods including fruits and vegetables (F&V). Based on federal suggestions to improve access, the purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between food shopping habits food venues and dietary intake of residents in rural counties of Kentucky. In May, 2013, a telephone survey was conducted using random-digit dial methods among n=149 participants in all three counties. Results showed that grocery shopping at supermarkets had a moderate positive correlation with F&V intake (r=.357, .348). These findings suggest …

Off Target Effects Of Sulforaphane Include The De-Repression Of Long-Terminal Repeats Through Histone Acetylation Events, Scott Baier, Richard Zbasnik, Vicki Schlegel, Janos Zempleni

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Sulforaphane is a naturally occurring isothiocyanate in cruciferous vegetables. Sulforaphane inhibits histone deacetylases, leading to the transcriptional activation of genes including tumor suppressor genes. The compound has attracted considerable attention in the chemoprevention of prostate cancer. Here we tested the hypothesis that sulforaphane is not specific for tumor suppressor genes but also activates loci such as long terminal repeats (LTRs), which might impair genome stability. Studies were conducted using chemically pure sulforaphane in primary human IMR-90 fibroblasts and in broccoli sprout feeding studies in healthy adults. Sulforaphane (2.0 μM) caused an increase in LTR transcriptional activity in cultured cells. Consumption …

Effect Of An Herbal/Botanical Supplement On Strength, Balance, And Muscle Function Following 12-Weeks Of Resistance Training: A Placebo Controlled Study, Jonathan Furlong, Corey A. Rynders, Mark Sutherlin, James Patrie, Frank I. Katch, Jay Hertel

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Background: StemSport (SS; StemTech International, Inc. San Clemente, CA) contains a proprietary blend of the botanical Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and several herbal antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substances. SS has been purported to accelerate tissue repair and restore muscle function following resistance exercise. Here, we examine the effects of SS supplementation on strength adaptations resulting from a 12-week resistance training program in healthy young adults.

Methods: Twenty-four young adults (16 males, 8 females, mean age = 20.5 ± 1.9 years, mass = 70.9 ± 11.9 kg, stature = 176.6 ± 9.9 cm) completed the twelve week training program. The study design …

Role Of Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I In Thymopoiesis, Zhong Zheng

Theses and Dissertations--Nutritional Sciences

T cells, which constitute an essential arm in the adaptive immunity, complete their development in the thymus through a process called thymopoiesis. However, thymic involution can be induced by a couple of factors, which impairs T cell functions and is slow to recover. Therefore, understanding how thymopoiesis is regulated may lead effort to accelerate thymic recovery and improve immune functions in thymocyte-depleted patients. In this project, we identified scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI), a high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor, as a novel modulator in thymopoiesis. In mice, absence of SR-BI causes a significant reduction in thymus size after puberty and a …

The Role Of Exercise In Polychlorinated Biphenyl Induced Cardiovascular Disease, Margaret O'Bryan Murphy

Theses and Dissertations--Nutritional Sciences

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in Western societies. Endothelial dysfunction is one of the initiating steps in the development of atherosclerosis. While there is a strong correlation with a person’s genetics, lifestyle factors including smoking, physical activity, and diet can significantly increase a person’s susceptibility to the development of atherosclerosis. In addition to these lifestyle factors, there is a strong body of evidence linking exposure to environmental pollutants including persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls to increased cardiovascular disease and mortality. It has been well-established that exercise protects against cardiovascular disease, but whether exercise can modulate …