Heart Smart,
2014
Andrews University
Selenium Supplementation Does Not Affect The Activity Of The Enzyme 8-Oxoguanine Dna Glycosylase,
2014
Brigham Young University
Selenium Supplementation Does Not Affect The Activity Of The Enzyme 8-Oxoguanine Dna Glycosylase, Benjamin J. Wycherly, Dr. Merrill Christensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Highly reactive oxygen species produce DNA lesions, which are postulated to cause cancer. A particularly common lesion is that of an oxidized guanine residue, 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OHdG). This base is of particular concern because it can mispair with adenine during replication causing a mutation from G:C to A:T. This transversion is found frequently in human cancers.
Selenium Regulation Of Nf-Κb Binding In Cancerous Human Prostate Epithelial Cells,
2014
Brigham Young University
Selenium Regulation Of Nf-Κb Binding In Cancerous Human Prostate Epithelial Cells, Wayne K. Nelson, Dr. Merrill Christensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
According to the National Cancer Institute, prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed nonskin cancer in men. In 1997 alone, it is estimated that 209,900 men were diagnosed as having the disease. Prostate cancer is also the second leading cause of cancer related death in the United States and, in 1997, claimed the lives of an estimated 41,800 people (1).
The Effect Of Selenium And Thyroid Hormones On Body Composition In Male Rats,
2014
Brigham Young University
The Effect Of Selenium And Thyroid Hormones On Body Composition In Male Rats, Merrill J. Christensen, Dr. Brian Johnson
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Introduction Selenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral needed by the body in extremely small amounts. The main sources of Se in the diet are vegetables and meats. Selenium is incorporated in the enzyme Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx). GPx is an antioxidant that scavenges hydrogen peroxide and other organic peroxides to protect the body from oxidative damage.
Selenium Alters Nf- B-Regulated Gene Expression In Human Prostate Cancer Cells,
2014
Brigham Young University
Selenium Alters Nf- B-Regulated Gene Expression In Human Prostate Cancer Cells, Aimee L. Taylor, Dr. Merrill J. Christensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The American Cancer Society estimates that prostate cancer will account for 30% of new cancers in men, totaling over 189,000 new cases, with 30,200 deaths in 2002 (1). Because of its high prevalence and long latency time prostate cancer is an ideal candidate for chemoprevention (2). Recent research suggests an inverse relationship between high dietary selenium (Se) intake or status and risk for prostate cancer. However, the mechanisms for Se’s protective effects against prostate cancer have not yet been determined. This project focused sharply on a single mechanism by which Se may alter gene expression and affect risk for prostate …
Superoxide Signaling In Perivascular Adipose Tissue Promotes Age-Related Artery Stiffness,
2014
University of Kentucky
Superoxide Signaling In Perivascular Adipose Tissue Promotes Age-Related Artery Stiffness, Bradley S. Fleenor, Jason S. Eng, Amy L. Sindler, Bryant T. Pham, Jackson D. Kloor, Douglas R. Seals
Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications
We tested the hypothesis that superoxide signaling within aortic perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) contributes to large elastic artery stiffening in old mice. Young (4-6 months), old (26-28 months), and old treated with 4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPOL), a superoxide scavenger (1 mm in drinking water for 3 weeks), male C57BL6/N mice were studied. Compared with young, old had greater large artery stiffness assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV, 436 ± 9 vs. 344 ± 5 cm s(-1)) and intrinsic mechanical testing (3821 ± 427 vs. 1925 ± 271 kPa) (both P < 0.05). TEMPOL treatment in old reversed both measures of arterial stiffness. Aortic PVAT superoxide production was greater in old (P < 0.05 vs. Y), which was normalized with TEMPOL. Compared with young, old controls had greater pro-inflammatory proteins in PVAT-conditioned media (P < 0.05). Young recipient mice transplanted with PVAT from old compared with young donors for 8 weeks had greater aPWV (409 ± 7 vs. 342 ± 8 cm s(-1)) and intrinsic mechanical properties (3197 ± 647 vs. 1889 ± 520 kPa) (both P < 0.05), which was abolished with TEMPOL supplementation in old donors. Tissue-cultured aortic segments from old in the presence of PVAT had greater mechanical stiffening compared with old cultured in the absence of PVAT and old with PVAT and TEMPOL (both, P < 0.05). In addition, PVAT-derived superoxide was associated with arterial wall hypertrophy and greater adventitial collagen I expression with aging that was attenuated by TEMPOL. Aging or TEMPOL treatment did not affect blood pressure. Our findings provide evidence for greater age-related superoxide production and pro-inflammatory proteins in PVAT, and directly link superoxide signaling in PVAT to large elastic artery stiffness.
Redox Pioneer: Professor Joe M. Mccord,
2014
University of Kentucky
Redox Pioneer: Professor Joe M. Mccord, David M. Schnell, Daret K. St Clair
Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications
Dr. Joe McCord (Ph.D. 1970) is recognized here as a Redox Pioneer because he has published at least three articles on antioxidant/redox biology as first/last author that have been cited over 1000 times and has published at least 37 articles each cited over 100 times. Dr. McCord is known for the monumental discovery of the antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) while a graduate student under fellow redox pioneer Irwin Fridovich and demonstrating its necessity to aerobic life. Beyond this, McCord's career is distinguished for bridging the gap from basic science to clinical relevance by showing the application of SOD and superoxide …
Feasibility And Acceptability Of An Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Intervention: Results From The Healthy Homes, Healthy Families Pilot Study,
2014
Brown University
Feasibility And Acceptability Of An Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Intervention: Results From The Healthy Homes, Healthy Families Pilot Study, Akilah Dulin Keita, Patricia M. Risica, Kelli L. Drenner, Ingrid Adams, Gemma Gorham, Kim M. Gans
Faculty Publications
Background. This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a home-based early childhood obesity prevention intervention designed to empower low-income racially/ethnically diverse parents to modify their children’s health behaviors. Methods. We used a prospective design with pre-/posttest evaluation of 50 parent-child pairs (children aged 2 to 5 years) to examine potential changes in dietary, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors among children at baseline and four-month follow-up. Results. 39 (78%) parent-child pairs completed evaluation data at 4-month follow-up. Vegetable intake among children significantly increased at follow-up (0.54 cups at 4 months compared to 0.28 cups at baseline, 𝑃 …
South Dakota Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (Prams)-Like 2014 Data Report,
2014
South Dakota State University
South Dakota Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (Prams)-Like 2014 Data Report, Bonny Specker, Wei Bai, Teresa Binkley, Tianna Beare, Kriston Koepp, Maggie Minett, Loralie Peterson, Lee Weidauer, Howard Wey
Ethel Austin Martin Program Publications
The health status of South Dakotans is commonly reported from public health surveillance surveys. Surveys such as the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) provide information that is used by policy makers, public health professionals, advocacy groups, health care organizations, and others to develop initiatives to improve the health of the population. South Dakota has one of the highest infant mortality rates in the U.S., ranking in the bottom half of states, yet there are little data available on factors that influence health behaviors and attitudes of mothers that can ultimately influence birth outcomes. The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System …
Dietary Supplement Labeling: Cognitive Biases, Market Manipulation & Consumer Choice,
2014
University of New Hampshire School of Law
Dietary Supplement Labeling: Cognitive Biases, Market Manipulation & Consumer Choice, Michael Mccann
Law Faculty Scholarship
There exists increasing concern that the Dietary Supplements Health and Education Act (DSHEA) has proven ineffective. Much of the concern regards the disparity in legislative treatment between dietary supplements, foods, and pharmaceutical drugs. Namely, while pharmaceutical drugs must undergo years of costly pre-market testing, most supplements, like foods, can immediately enter the market, and only after repeated instances of adverse reactions can the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) remove them. Such a framework appears to belie both consumer expectations and marketing strategies, as supplements tend to be most perceived for their apparent medicinal qualities. This philosophy of waiting for a …
The Effectiveness Of Telemedicine For Weight Management In The Move! Program,
2014
VA Health Care System
The Effectiveness Of Telemedicine For Weight Management In The Move! Program, April D. Ahrendt, Kendra K. Kattelmann, Thomas S. Rector, David A Maddox
Health and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications
PURPOSE: To examine the effectiveness of videoconferencing technology for delivering comprehensive weight management treatment.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted by extraction of data from medical records for the years 2008-2010. The treatment included a series of 12 weekly MOVE!® classes delivered using videoconferencing. Data were extracted from the time of baseline weight to 1 year after baseline weight for the MOVE! participants (n = 60) and from a concurrent control group (n = 60) that did not participate in MOVE! treatment.
FINDINGS: Results indicated that the MOVE! group lost weight while the control group gained weight, resulting in …
“I Am A Vegetarian”: Reflections On A Way Of Being,
2014
Animals and Society Institute
“I Am A Vegetarian”: Reflections On A Way Of Being, Kenneth J. Shapiro
Human Health Collection
Employing a qualitative method adapted from phenomenological psychology, the paper presents a socio-psychological portrait of a vegetarian. Descriptives are a product of the author’s reflection on (dialogue with) empirical findings and published personal accounts, interviews, and case studies. The paper provides evidence for the hypothesis that vegetarianism is a way of being. This way of experiencing and living in the world is associated with particular forms of relationship to self, to other animals and nature, and to other people. The achievement of this way of being, particularly in the interpersonal sphere, comprises an initial, a transitional, and a crystallizing phase …
A Community-Based Exercise Intervention Transitions Metabolically Abnormal Obese Adults To A Metabolically Healthy Obese Phenotype,
2014
South Dakota State University
A Community-Based Exercise Intervention Transitions Metabolically Abnormal Obese Adults To A Metabolically Healthy Obese Phenotype, Lance C. Dalleck, Gary Van Guilder, Tara B. Richardson, Donald L. Bredle, Jeffery M. Janot
Health and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications
Background: Lower habitual physical activity and poor cardiorespiratory fitness are common features of the metabolically abnormal obese (MAO) phenotype that contribute to increased cardiovascular disease risk. The aims of the present study were to determine 1) whether community-based exercise training transitions MAO adults to metabolically healthy, and 2) whether the odds of transition to metabolically healthy were larger for obese individuals who performed higher volumes of exercise and/or experienced greater increases in fitness. Methods and results: Metabolic syndrome components were measured in 332 adults (190 women, 142 men) before and after a supervised 14-week community-based exercise program designed to reduce …
Gastrointestinal Problems In Children With Autism, Developmental Delays Or Typical Development,
2014
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Gastrointestinal Problems In Children With Autism, Developmental Delays Or Typical Development, Virginia Chaidez, Robin L. Hansen, Irva Hertz-Picciotto
Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications
Abstract To compare gastrointestinal (GI) problems among children with: (1) autism spectrum disorder (ASD), (2) developmental delay (DD) and (3) typical development (TD), GI symptom frequencies were obtained for 960 children from the CHildhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment (CHARGE) study. We also examined scores on five Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) subscales comparing ASD children with high versus low frequency GI symptoms. Compared to TD children, those with ASD [aOR 7.92 (4.89–12.85)] and DD [aOR 4.55 (2.51–8.24)] were more likely to have at least one frequent GI symptom. Restricting to ASD children, those with frequent abdominal pain, gaseousness, diarrhea, …
Multifaceted Nutritional Intervention In Hemodialysis Patients,
2014
Wayne State University
Multifaceted Nutritional Intervention In Hemodialysis Patients, Zulfitri Azuan Mat Daud
Wayne State University Dissertations
Mortality rate in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD) in the United States remain unacceptably high despite improvement in dialysis technology. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) account for more than 50% of the premature death in this population. Evidences indicate that the accelerated CVD are attributed to by malnutrition, inflammation, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress. Dietary intervention using nutrients with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential lipid altering properties to correct the aforementioned problems remain inconclusive. Furthermore, such nutritional intervention trial is often hampered by poor compliance related to medical and socioeconomic barriers. Therefore, a series of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trials were undertaken to document …
Uracil Accumulation Response To Folate Depletion Is A Function Of Dna Repair Imbalance That May Be A Mechanism Of Aging,
2014
Wayne State University
Uracil Accumulation Response To Folate Depletion Is A Function Of Dna Repair Imbalance That May Be A Mechanism Of Aging, Hongzhi Ma
Wayne State University Dissertations
Folate is an essential nutrient for human. They carry and transfer one carbon units. They has important biological functions during many reactions, like DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis, DNA methylation, DNA repair, cell division and growth. Through biochemical techniques to determine the gene expression, enzyme activity, uracil level in DNA, and through microbiological assay to determine the folate level, elucidates mechanism of uracil accumulation response to folate depletion. The findings present folate deficiency status affects the uracil DNA glycosylase activity, and uracil initiated DNA base excising repair. DNA repair ability decide whether there is uracil accumulation under the folate depletion condition …
Metabolic Syndrome In Obese African American Adolescents,
2014
Wayne State University
Metabolic Syndrome In Obese African American Adolescents, Yulyu Yeh
Wayne State University Dissertations
Limited research regarding metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been conducted in obese African American adolescents (OAAA) using the International Diabetes Federation IDF criteria. MetS is a constellation of risk factors that increase the risk for chronic diseases and is defined as presence of any 3 or more of the 5 criteria: fasting glucose 100mg/dl, waist circumference 90th percentile, triglycerides 150 mg/dl, blood pressure (BP) 130/85 mmHg and HDL < 40mg/dl. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of MetS in OAAA by using the IDF criteria and the relationship with diet, fast food consumption, nutrition knowledge, home food environment (HFE), and serum calcium, leptin, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (1, 25 D3) levels. One hundred and fifty one OAAA (mean age: 14.3 ± 1.4 years, 65.6% girls, mean BMI: 37.4±7.2 kg/m2) in a metropolitan area took part in this study. Anthropometric data and fasting blood samples were collected. Participants completed a set of questionnaires regarding diet, fast food consumption, and nutrition knowledge. HFE was completed by the care givers. The MetS rate for OAAA was 61.6% and boys had higher MetS than girls (73.1%, 55.6% respectively). OAAA without MetS had higher serum calcium and 1,25 D3 level but no significant difference were found in food consumption, nutrition knowledge, and HFE. Total cholesterol /HDL ratio and Insulin resistance increased the odds of MetS by 55% and 10% and 1,25 D3 decrease the odds of MetS by 2%. Even though high fast food consumption, lack of nutrition knowledge and poor food environment were negatively associated with obesity, they didn't contribute to MetS. Increase serum vitamin D and calcium level might be beneficial to reduce MetS in OAAA population.
Pharmacological Targeting Of The Mammalian
Clock Regulates Sleep Architecture And Emotional
Behaviour,
2014
The Scripps Research Institute
Pharmacological Targeting Of The Mammalian Clock Regulates Sleep Architecture And Emotional Behaviour, Subhashis Banerjee, Yongjun Wang, Laura A. Solt, Kristine Griffett, Melissa Kazantzis, Ariadna Amador, Bahaa M. El-Gendy, Salvador Huitron-Resendiz, Amanda J. Roberts, Youseung Shin, Theodore M. Kamenecka, Thomas P. Burris
Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications
Synthetic drug-like molecules that directly modulate the activity of key clock proteins offer the potential to directly modulate the endogenous circadian rhythm and treat diseases associated with clock dysfunction. Here we demonstrate that synthetic ligands targeting a key component of the mammalian clock, the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and β, regulate sleep architecture and emotional behaviour in mice. REV-ERB agonists induce wakefulness and reduce REM and slow-wave sleep. Interestingly, REV-ERB agonists also reduce anxiety-like behaviour. These data are consistent with increased anxiety-like behaviour of REV-ERBβ-null mice, in which REV-ERB agonists have no effect. These results indicate that pharmacological targeting of REV-ERB …
Evolutionary Eating: A Critical Evaluation Of The Paleo Diet,
2014
DePauw University
Evolutionary Eating: A Critical Evaluation Of The Paleo Diet, Ben Roess 14
Honor Scholar Theses
None
Effects Of Acute And Chronic Sleep Deprivation On Eating Behavior,
2014
University of Kentucky
Effects Of Acute And Chronic Sleep Deprivation On Eating Behavior, Stephanie Frank
Lewis Honors College Capstone Collection
Sleep-deprivation is thought to be a factor in the rising American obesity epidemic. Altered sleep cycles affect appetite-regulating hormone levels and enhance the hedonic effect of food consumption. As a result, sleep restriction has been associated with an increased daily energy intake of more than 500 calories and high-carbohydrate/high-fat consumption. However, past studies have not examined the relationship between sleep deprivation and decreased intake of nutrient-dense fruits and vegetables as a factor in increased energy consumption. This paper aims to 1) determine the affect average hours of sleep or acute sleep deprivation (defined as less than 6 hour sleep per …
