Nutrition Commons^™

Uracil Accumulation In Folate Depleted Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts, Eneida Doko

Wayne State University Theses

Folate is a water-soluble vitamin B that plays a critical co-enzyme in the de novo nucleotide synthesis and other biochemical processes including DNA metabolism, DNA repair, DNA methylation, and cellular growth. Folate deficiency has been associated to increase the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) and cancers of the lung, breast, colon, cervix, esposphagus and brain. Most importantly, folate deficiency has been shown to increase uracil misincorporation into DNA and therefore induce DNA damage repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathway. In response to folate depletion, levels of thmidylate decrease in the deoxyribonucelotide pool, resulting in uracil being misincorporation …

Deficiency Of Ace2 In Bone-Marrow-Derived Cells Increases Expression Of Tnf-Α In Adipose Stromal Cells And Augments Glucose Intolerance In Obese C57bl/6 Mice, Sean E. Thatcher, Manisha Gupte, Nicholas Hatch, Lisa A. Cassis

Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Deficiency of ACE2 in macrophages has been suggested to promote the development of an inflammatory M1 macrophage phenotype. We evaluated effects of ACE2 deficiency in bone-marrow-derived stem cells on adipose inflammation and glucose tolerance in C57BL/6 mice fed a high fat (HF) diet. ACE2 activity was increased in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) isolated from visceral, but not subcutaneous adipose tissue of HF-fed mice. Deficiency of ACE2 in bone marrow cells significantly increased mRNA abundance of F4/80 and TNF-α in the SVF isolated from visceral adipose tissue of HF-fed chimeric mice, supporting increased presence of inflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue. …

Hyponatremia In The 2009 161-Km Western States Endurance Run, Martin D. Hoffman, Kristin J. Stuempfle, Ian R. Rogers, Louise B. Weschler, Tamara Hew-Butler

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Purpose:To determine the incidence of exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH), the associated biochemical measurements and risk factors for EAH, and whether there is an association between postrace blood sodium concentration ([Na⁺]) and changes in body mass among participants in the 2009 Western States Endurance Run, a 161-km mountain trail run.

Methods: Change in body mass, postrace [Na⁺], and blood creatine phosphokinase (CPK) concentration, and selected runner characteristics were evaluated among consenting competitors.

Results: Of the 47 study participants, 14 (30%) had EAH as defined by a postrace [Na⁺] /L. Postrace [Na^{+ …}

Nutrition Knowledge Of Pre-Medical Students, Jennifer Newcome, Cynthia Moore

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Nutrition knowledge has been shown to be increasingly critical in physician practice. Therefore, education has also become very critical. Medical schools have been working over the last few decades to include nutrition education in their curriculum, but due to many barriers, it is difficult to fulfil requirements. It is the purpose of this descriptive study to determine the nutrition knowledge of pre-medical students at the University of Arkansas and conclude if a nutrition class for these students would be beneficial. The average score of the nutrition knowledge assessment was 11.2 ± 3.04 out of a possible 23. Because the literature …

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Explaining Benefit Utilization Variability In Fmnp In Kentucky: An Application Of Pierre Bourdieu’S Theory, Stephanie M. Holcomb-Kreiner

Theses and Dissertations--Sociology

Research has demonstrated the crucial role fresh fruit and vegetable consumption plays in maintaining good health. However, most Americans do not consume adequate amounts, and low-income Americans consume the lowest quantities of fresh fruits and vegetables. The Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) and Senior Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program (SFMNP) attempts to rectify this situation by providing vouchers to low-income women, children, and elders that can be used only at farmers’ markets for the purchase of locally grown, fresh fruits and vegetables. Unfortunately, FMNP and SFMNP exhibit variable and often low benefit utilization. This variable and often low benefit utilization is …

Nutrition Knowledge Of Consumers And Health Professionals And The Use Of Menu Calorie Labeling, Kate Louise Perkins

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

The purpose of this study is to assess the need for menu labeling of calories based on the ability of food consumers to identify lower calorie options. By surveying consumers in Kentucky and Ohio and health professionals in Kentucky about their awareness of caloric content, basic nutrition knowledge and ability to choose lower calorie options, we can predict the potential benefit of menu labeling initiatives and the amount of education that will be necessary for consumers to effectively use menu labeling to make informed decisions on calorie intake. Through online surveys, it was determined that consumers were better able to …

Evaluation Of The Body Composition Of Female Collegiate Athletes Using The Bod Pod, Adrienne Jennifer Glodt Baker

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

The body composition of female collegiate athletes was measured using the Bod Pod® device. The sample consisted of 75 student athletes, aged 18 to 22 years old. Five sports at the university level were represented, including basketball, gymnastics, soccer, swimming & diving, and soccer. Participants were measured at the preseason and postseason periods. Overall, participants in all five sports were not found to change significantly in total body mass, fat mass, fat free mass, percent body fat, or body mass index from the preseason period to the postseason period at the alpha = 0.05 level. On average, the members from …

Analysis Of The Lactobacilluscasei Supragenome And Its Influence In Species Evolution And Lifestyle Adaptation, Jeff Broadbent, E. C. Neeno-Eckwall, B. Stahl, K. Tandee, H. Cai, W. Morovic, P. Horvath, J. Heidenreich, N. T. Perna, R. Barrangou, J. L. Steele

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

The broad ecological distribution of L. casei makes it an insightful subject for research on genome evolution and lifestyle adaptation. To explore evolutionary mechanisms that determine genomic diversity of L. casei, we performed comparative analysis of 17 L. casei genomes representing strains collected from dairy, plant, and human sources. Results Differences in L. casei genome inventory revealed an open pan-genome comprised of 1,715 core and 4,220 accessory genes. Extrapolation of pan-genome data indicates L. casei has a supragenome approximately 3.2 times larger than the average genome of individual strains. Evidence suggests horizontal gene transfer from other bacterial species, particularly lactobacilli, …

Craft Beer: Penetrating A Niche Market, Douglas W. Murray

Department of Nutrition and Food Studies Scholarship and Creative Works

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the underexplored niche market potential of craft beer, especially as it may relate to independent food and beverage operations, as a means of gaining competitive advantage.

Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected through the distribution of a survey instrument to craft beer and home brewers, designed to assess the demographic profile, purchasing/restaurant selection, and decision behavior of this group and assess the likelihood of their future behavioral intentions toward continued participation in the craft beer segment.

Findings – The paper reveals that craft beer and micro brew pub success has been …

Cajun And Creole Culture And Cooking, Mark Lavern Badeaux

A with Honors Projects

A PowerPoint presentation on Southern Culture and Cooking.

A Queer Vegan Manifesto, Rasmus R. Simonsen

Human Health Collection

What does it mean for a person to declare her or his veganism to the world? How does the transition from one diet to another impact one’s sense of self? Veganism challenges the foundational character of how we “act out” our selves—not least of all in the context of sexuality and gender. In my paper, I am thus interested in the potential of veganism to disrupt the “natural” bond between gender formations and the consumption of animal products, as this relates to social and cultural genealogies. Consequently, I will explore a queer form of veganism that affirms the radical impact …

Effects Of Lean Beef Supplementation On Iron Status, Body Composition And Performance Of Collegiate Distance Runners, Danielle E. Burke, Jocelyn V. Johnson, Matthew D. Vukovich, Kendra K. Kattelmann 6884045

Health and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Iron deficiency is prevalent among endurance athletes, particularly females. Low iron may compromise oxygen delivery and physical performance. Vegetarianism, desire for convenience, and perceived health risks associated with red meat contribute to low bioavailable iron intakes. The purpose of this study was to examine if lean beef supplementation would maintain iron status, improve body composition and increase performance of distance runners after 8 weeks. Twenty-eight (14 female) Division-I cross-country runners were stratified by iron status, use of iron supplements, and gender, and randomized into a control (n = 14) and intervention group. All participants maintained their typical diet and consumed …

Intervention Of Non-Small Cell Line Cancer Oncogenic Pathways With Delta-Tocotrienol, Xiangming Ji

Wayne State University Dissertations

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is most hostile and leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Clinical data has demonstrated that 30 % of NSCLC patients have increased Notch activity and 10% of NSCLC have gain-of-function mutation on Notch-1 gene. Our data demonstrated that delta-tocotrienol could inhibit NSCLC cells proliferation, invasion and induce apoptosis by down-regulation of the Notch-1 signaling pathway. Using microRNA microarray and microRNA transfection, our findings further suggest that delta-tocotrienol is a non-toxic activator of miR-34a which can inhibit NSCLC cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and inhibit invasion. Last but not the least, We observed that …

The Role Of Uracil-Dna Glycosylase And Folate In The Repair Of Dna, Sarah Talal Dubaisi

Wayne State University Theses

Abstract

Role of Uracil DNA-Glycosylase and Folate

In the Repair of Oxidative Damage

By

Sarah Dubaisi

May2012

Advisor: Dr. Diane Cabelof

Major: Nutrition and Food Science

Degree: Masters of Science

The impact of DNA damage on genomic integrity has been widely investigated due to its association with cancer and ageing. DNA repair pathways play a critical role in preserving the genomic integrity and protecting the cells against DNA damage caused by oxidative stress and folate deficiency. Base Excision Repair (BER) is one of the major pathways involved in the cellular response to DNA damage, primarily the damage caused by oxidative …

The Use Of Metabolomics To Investigate Biomarker Profiles As Potential Early Risk Factors For Development Of Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus, Jennelle Lynn Arnew (Getty)

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

THE USE OF METABOLOMICS TO INVESTIGATE BIOMARKERS PROFILES AS POTENTIAL EARLY RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TYPE II DIABETES

by

JENNELLE ARNEW

MAY 2012

Advisor: Dr. Smiti Gupta

Major: Nutrition and Food Science

Degree: Masters of Science

Type 2 Diabetes affects an estimated 17.5 million individuals in the United States and is considered to be one of the most pressing public health issues of our time. To date, the exact cause of type 2 diabetes remains unclear, however, it is considered to be an interplay between environmental and genetic factors. Emerging technologies for metabolomics analysis increases the capacity to …

Purification Of Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors From Grape Extract, Gayle M. Shipp

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

PURIFICATION OF ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS FROM GRAPE EXTRACT

by

GAYLE SHIPP

August 2012

Advisor: Dr. Kevin Zhou

Major: Nutrition and Food Science

Degree: Master of Science

Diabetes and its complications are steadily growing and remain major causes of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. Intestinal á-glucosidases play a crucial role in controlling postprandial blood glucose. For this reason, one attractive prevention and/or treatment strategy for type-2 diabetes is the inhibition of á-glucosidase. The effectiveness of á-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI's) for diabetes treatment is well documented in numerous animal and human clinical studies. Grape pomace extract (GPE) has recently found in our …

The Effects Of Oil Palm Phenolics On Inflammation And Oxidative Stress In Relation To Amyloid Beta Plaques In Fad-Mutant And Wild Type B103 Cells, Lindsay Michelle Godsey

Wayne State University Theses

Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects approximately 35.6 million people in the world today (35). It is expected that by year 2050, an individual will develop AD every 33 seconds (8). Unfortunately, the etiology is not well known. Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) occurs due to specific genetic mutations, making it possible to replicate them in cells. Using B103 rat neuroblastoma cells transfected with a cDNA construct, wild type cells and FAD mutant cells were used in this research.

Natural ingredients such as oil palm phenolics (OPP) contain antioxidants. After finding the optimal experimental parameters, OPP was found to aid in the destabilization …

How Much Serving Size Affects Consumption : Catch-22, Natalina Zlatevska, Chris Dubelaar, Stephen S. Holden

Stephen S Holden

The effect of serving-size on consumption is well-established: the larger the serve, the greater the amount consumed. But what is the size of the effect, what are the processes driving the effect, and what are the conditions that facilitate vs. inhibit the effect? The present research uses a meta-analysis of 67 studies to quantify the effect of serving-size on amount consumed and to test two competing explanations of why the effect occurs. One view is that the serving-size is mediated by a perceptual effect, the other that it is mediated by a consumption norm. The meta analysis demonstrates that when …

Letter From The Editor (Vices And Virtue), Kiran Kanti Patel

Kiran Kanti Patel, Esq.

No abstract provided.