Hippocampal Functional Activity Following Prenatal Alcohol Exposure,
2021
University of New Mexico - Main Campus
Hippocampal Functional Activity Following Prenatal Alcohol Exposure, Ryan E. Harvey
Psychology ETDs
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is among the most common developmental insults to the nervous system and is characterized by spatial memory disruption. There is a pressing need to identify physiological alterations that help explain this memory impairment. The hippocampal (HPC) formation and connected regions are a compelling candidate for this purpose as they are vital for navigation, spatial memory, and memory consolidation. This document is broken up into 3 main parts, a detailed review of the prior literature followed by several experiments. First, It starts out with a comprehensive review on spatial behavioral impairments following PAE and the synaptic & …
Rhythm Of The Night: Brain Activity And Performance On A Sustained Attention Task Is Modulated By Circadian Typology And Time Of Day,
2021
University of South Dakota
Rhythm Of The Night: Brain Activity And Performance On A Sustained Attention Task Is Modulated By Circadian Typology And Time Of Day, Carly R. Cooper
Honors Thesis
The human circadian system plays an important role in biological and psychological processes in both health and disease. Circadian typology refers to individual differences in circadian rhythm and is categorized into three general chronotypes: morning, evening, and neither. Research suggests that an individual’s diurnal preference may be associated with differences in cognitive abilities, personality traits, and incidence of psychiatric disorders. In the present study, we utilized a Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) and an electroencephalogram (EEG) in a desynchrony protocol. Morning-type and evening-type participants completed a SART task on two separate occasions during which brain activity was recorded. This …
The Development And Evaluation Of Novel Da Transport Inhibitors And Their Effects On Effort-Related Motivation: A Review,
2021
University of Connecticut
The Development And Evaluation Of Novel Da Transport Inhibitors And Their Effects On Effort-Related Motivation: A Review, Mukund Desibhatla
Honors Scholar Theses
Depression is a debilitating disorder that can cause motivational deficits such as psychomotor retardation, anergia, apathy, and fatigue. Recent research indicates that these motivational deficits, and potential pathways of therapeutic intervention, can be studied in animal models involving rats and mice. Treatments with the VMAT-2 inhibitor tetrabenazine (TBZ) and cytokine interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) can create a low-effort bias and impair effort-related motivation (Nunes et al. 2013, 2014). A number of high-affinity DA transport inhibitors such as d-amphetamine, methylphenidate, and cocaine can restore extracellular DA, albeit with the cost of undesirable effects such as high abuse liability. These observations have led researchers …
An Eeg Source-Space Analysis Of The Neural Correlates Underlying Self-Regulation,
2021
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
An Eeg Source-Space Analysis Of The Neural Correlates Underlying Self-Regulation, Stephanie M. Long
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Self-regulation is the cognitive process of controlling our thoughts and behaviors to be aligned with our goals. This process is used in many different contexts and has been associated with contributions from several brain regions. This research aimed to investigate differences in four prefrontal areas of the brain while participants applied four different self-regulation strategies. We recorded EEG while participants (N = 132) performed three tasks which engaged each of the four self-regulation strategies: the AX-CPT task engaged proactive and reactive control, the Go/Nogo task engaged inhibitory control, and the hybrid Flanker Global/Local task engaged the resolution of response conflict. …
The Neurobiological Relationship Between Childhood Maltreatment And Major Depressive Disorder (Mdd),
2021
Pepperdine University
The Neurobiological Relationship Between Childhood Maltreatment And Major Depressive Disorder (Mdd), Morgan Clinton
Global Tides
Childhood maltreatment compromises healthy development, impacts neurobiology, and is associated with lasting alterations to emotional perception, processing, and regulation. Most significantly, childhood maltreatment increases the risk for later development of emotional disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD). The stress associated with both childhood maltreatment and MDD can lead to lasting alterations to the fronto-limbic circuitry. Using functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging, researchers have observed hippocampal atrophy and amygdala hyperresponsiveness in participants who’ve experienced both childhood maltreatment and MDD. Furthermore, researchers have also observed increased connectivity between the hippocampus and amygdala in victims of childhood maltreatment. Because childhood maltreatment …
Corticospinal Excitability During A Perspective Taking Task As Measured By Tms-Induced Motor Evoked Potentials,
2021
Hackensack Meridian Health
Corticospinal Excitability During A Perspective Taking Task As Measured By Tms-Induced Motor Evoked Potentials, Elizabeth Murray, Janet Brenya, Katherine Chavarria, Karen J. Kelly, Anjel Fierst, Nathira Ahmad, Caroline Anton, Layla Shaffer, Kairavi Kapila, Logan Driever, Kayla Weaver, Caroline Dial, Maya Crawford, Iso Hartman, Tommy Infantino, Fiona Butler, Abigail Straus, Shakeera L. Walker, Brianna Balugas, Matthew Pardillo, Briana Goncalves, Julian Keenan
Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Only by understanding the ability to take a third-person perspective can we begin to elucidate the neural processes responsible for one’s inimitable conscious experience. The current study examined differences in hemispheric laterality during a first-person perspective (1PP) and third-person perspective (3PP) taking task, using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Participants were asked to take either the 1PP or 3PP when identifying the number of spheres in a virtual scene. During this task, single-pulse TMS was delivered to the motor cortex of both the left and right hemispheres of 10 healthy volunteers. Measures of TMS-induced motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) of the contralateral abductor …
Comparative Assessment Of Familiarity/Novelty Preferences In Rodents,
2021
University of California, Berkeley
Comparative Assessment Of Familiarity/Novelty Preferences In Rodents, Annaliese K. Beery, Katharine L. Shambaugh
Neuroscience: Faculty Publications
Sociality—i.e., life in social groups—has evolved many times in rodents, and there is considerable variation in the nature of these groups. While many species-typical behaviors have been described in field settings, the use of consistent behavioral assays in the laboratory provides key data for comparisons across species. The preference for interaction with familiar or novel individuals is an important dimension of social behavior. Familiarity preference, in particular, may be associated with more closed, less flexible social groups. The dimension from selectivity to gregariousness has been used as a factor in classification of social group types. Laboratory tests of social choice …
B12: The T Cell Co-Receptor Cd5 Alters Mouse Behavior And Gut Microbiome Composition,
2021
Brigham Young University
B12: The T Cell Co-Receptor Cd5 Alters Mouse Behavior And Gut Microbiome Composition, Kyle Reaveley
Annual Research Symposium
No abstract provided.
Long-Term Impacts Of Acute Stressor Exposure On Locus Coeruleus Function And Anxiety-Like Behavior In Rats,
2021
Rowan University
Long-Term Impacts Of Acute Stressor Exposure On Locus Coeruleus Function And Anxiety-Like Behavior In Rats, Olga Borodovitsyna
Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Theses and Dissertations
Stress is a physiological state characterized by behavioral arousal that occurs during exposure to harmful or threatening stimuli, and usually facilitates an adaptive behavioral response. The persistence of stress sometimes causes it to become maladaptive, potentially contributing to disease development, including physiological complications with altered neuroendocrine signaling and impaired function of organ systems, and psychological conditions including depression and anxiety. Anxiety disorders in particular are associated with a history of stress and are the most common class of mental disorders, with a lifetime prevalence of 33.7% in the general population. The locus coeruleus (LC) is a major node in the …
Autism Treatments: Beyond Applied Behavioral Analysis Therapy,
2021
Grand Valley State University
Autism Treatments: Beyond Applied Behavioral Analysis Therapy, Sarah Samosiuk
Honors Projects
This literature review dicusses the efficacy of mindfulness as a potential treatment option for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It differs from other treatment options as it works to reduce the symptoms of ASD by reducing the stress and anxiety that cause the symptoms. I discuss the neuroscience behind the autistic mind and give a multitude of studies showing the power of mindfulness. Researchers have only scratched the surface of the possibilities that mindfulness could achieve in this field and hopefully this movement can gain traction so that this kind of help is available to all of those who …
The Influence Of Autism Linked Gene Topoisomerase 3b (Top3b) On Neural Development In Zebrafish,
2021
Georgia Southern University
The Influence Of Autism Linked Gene Topoisomerase 3b (Top3b) On Neural Development In Zebrafish, Sydney Doolittle
Honors College Theses
Autism Spectrum Disorder is a class of developmental disabilities characterized by a spectrum of social, communication, and behavioral impairments in affected individuals. Studies have shown these defects stem from abnormal brain development during critical periods during early development. The underlying genetic cause of these impairments is not well understood but is believed to be a combination of a complex pairing of genetic and environmental factors. One of the genetic factors that has been recognized to influence the phenotypic symptoms of ASD is the enzyme topoisomerase 3β (top3β.) Topoisomerases are responsible for the prevention of supercoiling during DNA replication. Top3β is …
Pornography: Social, Emotional And Mental Implications Among Adolescents,
2021
Dublin City Schools
Pornography: Social, Emotional And Mental Implications Among Adolescents, William Kelly Canady
National Youth Advocacy & Resilience Conference
This presentation will explain the historical development of pornography. It will highlight four segments: 1- Porn’s impact on brain development of reward pathways, ultimately increasing the appetite for more porn. 2- Porn can be a false substitute for real intimacy, resulting in decreased sexual satisfaction with a real person and increased verbal and physical aggression. 3- Porn promotes sex trafficking, promotes multiple sex partners and reduced STD prevention. 4- A review of interventions available to assist clients in navigating a lifestyle away from pornography.
Female Rats Display Greater Nicotine Withdrawal-Induced Cellular Activation Of A Central Portion Of The Interpeduncular Nucleus Versus Males: A Study Of Fos Immunoreactivity Within Provisionally Assigned Interpeduncular Subnuclei,
2021
University of Texas at El Paso
Female Rats Display Greater Nicotine Withdrawal-Induced Cellular Activation Of A Central Portion Of The Interpeduncular Nucleus Versus Males: A Study Of Fos Immunoreactivity Within Provisionally Assigned Interpeduncular Subnuclei, Felix Matos-Ocasio, Veronika Espinoza, Paola Correa-Alfonzo, Arshad Khan, Laura O'Dell
Selected Works Temporary Series
No abstract provided.
Female Rats Display Greater Nicotine Withdrawal-Induced Cellular Activation Of A Central Portion Of The Interpeduncular Nucleus Versus Males: A Study Of Fos Immunoreactivity Within Provisionally Assigned Interpeduncular Subnuclei,
2021
University of Texas at El Paso
Female Rats Display Greater Nicotine Withdrawal-Induced Cellular Activation Of A Central Portion Of The Interpeduncular Nucleus Versus Males: A Study Of Fos Immunoreactivity Within Provisionally Assigned Interpeduncular Subnuclei, Matos-Ocasio, Veronika Espinoza, Paola Correa-Alfonzo, Arshad Khan, Laura O'Dell
Departmental Papers (Biology)
No abstract provided.
Cognitive Changes Caused By Lps-Induced Neuroinflammation,
2021
CUNY Graduate Center
Cognitive Changes Caused By Lps-Induced Neuroinflammation, Nancy De La Torre
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
The brain performs cognitive processes finely orchestrated by timely precise action of neurons. Neurons functioning at their highest standard communicate with each other through perfectly functioning synapses. Microglia, as part of the immune system assist synaptic processing and have the ability to affect cognition. Indeed, microglia play a role in cognition. To investigate the link between microglia and cognition we utilized lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to pharmacologically activate microglia. LPS, normally present in the environment on the wall of Gram-negative bacteria is a pharmacological agent used to cause microglia activation in mice. LPS is a typical model to study changes induced by …
Understanding Stability In Cognitive Neuroscience Through Hacking's Lens,
2021
Western University
Understanding Stability In Cognitive Neuroscience Through Hacking's Lens, Jacqueline A. Sullivan
Philosophy Publications
Ian Hacking instigated a revolution in 20th century philosophy of science by putting experiments (“interventions”) at the top of a philosophical agenda that historically had focused nearly exclusively on representations (“theories”). In this paper, I focus on a set of conceptual tools Hacking (1992) put forward to understand how laboratory sciences become stable and to explain what such stability meant for the prospects of unity of science and kind discovery in experimental science. I first use Hacking’s tools to understand sources of instability and disunity in rodent behavioral neuroscience. I then use them to understand recent grass-roots collaborative initiatives aimed …
Glucocorticoid Receptor Dysregulation Underlies 5-Ht2a Receptor-Dependent Synaptic And Behavioral Deficits In A Mouse Neurodevelopmental Disorder Model,
2021
Virginia Commonwealth University
Glucocorticoid Receptor Dysregulation Underlies 5-Ht2a Receptor-Dependent Synaptic And Behavioral Deficits In A Mouse Neurodevelopmental Disorder Model, Justin M. Saunders
Theses and Dissertations
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder that presents with diverse symptoms, some of which remain resistant to treatment. Increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia has been observed following gestational infection in humans, leading to development of maternal immune activation (MIA) animal models. Increased density of the serotonin 5-HT2AR receptor (5-HT2AR), the primary target of hallucinogenic drugs and a key target of atypical antipsychotics, has been observed in postmortem antipsychotic-free prefrontal cortex samples from schizophrenia subjects, a change reflected in frontal cortex of adult MIA offspring. To model MIA, we administered 20 mg/kg i.p. of the viral mimetic poly-(I:C) …
Estrogen Disruption Of Hypothalamic Neural Activity,
2021
Cal Poly Humboldt
Estrogen Disruption Of Hypothalamic Neural Activity, Princess Dickson
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
The brain is highly dependent on the endocrine system for proper neurodevelopment, as it plays a key role in many biological processes. Bisphenol A is a chemical found in plastics that has the potential to mimic the effects of Estrogen in the body, at least weakly. People interact with plastic that contains BPA regularly, and people are at risk for exposure even before being born. The abundance of BPA, along with other exogenous estrogens, makes examining the relationship between early exposure and changes in brain activity imperative. The current study aims to establish a relationship between disrupted estrogen function and …
Psychosocial Factors And Physical Health In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients,
2021
Walden University
Psychosocial Factors And Physical Health In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients, Olulana Bamiro
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The research problem identified was poor physical health in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The problem is important because poor physical health yields unsuccessful aging. The current research aimed to identify psychosocial factors that improve self-evaluated physical health in the study population as a proxy to overall health; the research questions helped identify these factors. The first research question assessed the association between health locus of control and self-evaluated physical health. The second research question evaluated the association between family support and self-evaluated physical health. A final research question assessed the association between health locus of control, …
Opioid Use Disorder: The Timeline For Medication Assisted Therapy,
2021
Arcadia University
Opioid Use Disorder: The Timeline For Medication Assisted Therapy, Alexander Cristofori
Capstone Showcase
Opioid Use Disorder is patterns of opioid use leading to withdrawal, giving up important life events in order to use opioids, and excessive time spent using opioids, to name a few diagnostic criteria. The clinical progression of the disorder involves periods of acute exacerbation and remission that are cyclic in nature. Treatment is most effective when it includes both pharmacological and psychosocial modalities, referred to as medication assisted therapy (MAT). Three drugs used commonly in MAT-based treatment for OUD from oldest to newest include Methadone, Buprenorphine-naloxone, and Naltrexone. Treatment program models that prioritize total abstinence from the addictive substance attached …
