Food Science Commons^™

Corbicula Fluminea Food Web Ecology: An Experimental Transplant Approach In A Karst Riverine System, Autumn Smith

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

The Asiatic clam Corbicula fluminea is a filter-feeding habitat generalist. Carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of C. fluminea body tissue was compared between reaches of Kentucky’s upper Green River that differed in Cladophora growth. Corbicula fluminea from an upstream reach with little Cladophora was translocated to a downstream reach with high Cladophora levels. Individuals from both reaches were placed in mussel silos in the same downstream reach in autumn 2012 and again in 2013 for 77 and 119 days, respectively. Flow during 2012 consisted of no high flow events until late autumn. Flow patterns in 2013 were consistently higher and more …

Impact Of Algae Supplemented Diets Combined With Antioxidants On The Nutritional Profile, Quality Attributes, And Storage Stability Of Chicken Breast Meat, Rebecca G. Norcross

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Consumers’ demands for ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are at all-time high. Algae, a common source of PUFAs, and antioxidants are both used as supplements in livestock feeds, are known to affect the overall quality of meat. To implement PUFA deposits into broiler meat, this study evaluated combining antioxidants and algae in broiler feed to enhance the breast meat quality. Broilers were fed diets supplemented with 50 IU Vitamin E or 200 g/ton EconomasE (EcoE, an antioxidant pack) plus 10 IU Vitamin E, with or without 0.5% algae extract (SP-1). The feed oil was partially oxidized soybean oil (POV: 86 …

Antimicrobial Efficacy Of Natural Bioactive Compounds And High Pressure Processing Against Potential Pathogens In Infant Foods, Hayriye Cetin-Karaca

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

This study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of bioactive plant compounds along with high pressure processing (HPP) against pathogens Bacillus cereus and Cronobacter sakazakii in infant formula and infant rice cereal. The influence of these applications on antimicrobial activity, shelf-life and sensory attributes of infant foods were examined.

Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and [10]-Gingerol (GI) were incorporated (0.05%) in infant rice cereal reconstituted with infant formula. The cereal was inoculated with either B. cereus (ATCC 14579) or B. cereus spores (10⁷-10⁸ log CFU g^-1). All the samples were stored at 7, 23 or 37°C for …

Pesticide Analysis In Vegetables Using Quechers Extraction And Colorimetric Detection, D. S. G. Neufeld, N. Åkerson, D. Barahona

Virginia Journal of Science

A novel combination of extraction and detection methods is demonstrated for pesticide residue analysis in vegetable samples. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition was used as a simple colorimetric test for organophosphates/carbamates (OP/C), and was tested with extracts from the widely-used QuEChERS extraction method. In the absence of pesticide, diluted (50% with water) acetonitrile did not inhibit enzyme activity, demonstrating the compatibility of this extraction solvent with the AChE inhibition test. QuEChERS extraction of chlorpyrifos-spiked tomato, spinach and lettuce samples indicated a high sensitivity to OP/C, with AChE inhibition occurring in the ppb range. The applicability of this method combination was tested by …

A Dna Mini-Barcoding System For Authentication Of Processed Fish Products, Shadi Shokralla, Rosalee S. Hellberg, Sara M. Handy, Ian King, Mehrdad Hajibabaei

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Species substitution is a form of seafood fraud for the purpose of economic gain. DNA barcoding utilizes species-specific DNA sequence information for specimen identification. Previous work has established the usability of short DNA sequences—mini-barcodes—for identification of specimens harboring degraded DNA. This study aims at establishing a DNA mini-barcoding system for all fish species commonly used in processed fish products in North America. Six mini-barcode primer pairs targeting short (127–314 bp) fragments of the cytochrome c oxidase I (CO1) DNA barcode region were developed by examining over 8,000 DNA barcodes from species in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration …

Listeria Monocytogenes'. A Genomic Perspective On Its Pathogenesis, Persistence And Bacteriophages., Aidan Casey

Theses

The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes that contribute to the threat it poses to the food processing industry. Transcriptomic analysis of a persistent L. monocytogenes isolate following exposure to an industrial detergent identified key upregulations in biological processes involved m peptidoglycan biosynthesis, chemotaxis and motility. Two bacteriophages against serotype 4b and 4e isolates of L. monocytogenes were isolated and sequenced. Comparative genomic and functional analysis identified the receptor binding proteins in each phage, whi]e transmission electron microscopy demonstrated a conserved baseplate architecture which also exists in other Gram­positive phages. Comparative genomics of …

Increasing The Nutritional Value Of Canola Meal Via Fungal Bioprocessing, Jason R. Croat

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The main limitation of meals from canola and other Brassica spp. is the presence of glucosinolates (GLS), which are anti-nutritional and can even be toxic at high ingestion levels. Furthermore, large amounts of GLS can reduce palatability for livestock and thus reduce intake and growth rates. For this reason canola was bred to contain lower levels of GLS (<30 >μmol/g) and erucic acid (< 2%). However, feed inclusion rates are still limited to ~30%, and this reduces the value of canola meal. The goal of this thesis was to optimize a pretreatment and fungal conversion process to enhance the nutritional value of canola meal. Various combinations of physical/chemical pretreatments, fungal cultures, and incubation methods were investigated to metabolize GLS into cell mass, CO2, or other non-toxic components. These treatments also served to hydrolyze canola meal fiber into carbohydrates which were then metabolized by the fungi into single cell protein. Solid-state incubation conditions were initially tested, since filamentous fungi are well adapted to grow at lower moisture levels, and this would potentially reduce contamination issues with bacteria. Flask trials were performed using 50% moisture, hexane extracted (HE) or cold pressed (CP) canola meal, with incubation for 168 h at 30ºC. On HE canola meal Trichoderma reesei (NRRL-3653) achieved the greatest increase in protein content (23%), while having the lowest residual levels of sugar (8% w/w) and GLS (0.4 μM/g). On CP canola meal T. reesei (NRRL-3653), Aureobasidium pullulans (NRRL-58522), and …

Microbial Safety And Quality Of Fresh Herbs From Los Angeles, Orange County, And Seattle Farmers’ Markets, Donna J. Levy, Nicola K. Beck, Alexandra L. Kossick, Taylor Patti, J. Scott Meschke, Melissa Calicchia, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

BACKGROUND: Farmers' markets have been growing in popularity in the United States, but the microbial quality and safety of the food sold at these markets is currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the microbial safety and quality of fresh basil, parsley and cilantro sold at farmers' markets in the Los Angeles, Orange County and greater Seattle areas.

RESULTS: A total of 133 samples (52 basil, 41 cilantro and 40 parsley) were collected from 13 different farmers' markets and tested for Salmonella and generic Escherichia coli. One sample (parsley) was confirmed positive for Salmonella and 24.1% of …

Bacterial Expression Of Plant Pyruvate Kinase, Kristina Fuller

STAR Program Research Presentations

Pyruvate kinases serve an important role in regulating glycolysis pathways. Different pyruvate kinase isozymes can dictate which of several different products will be formed during the final step of glycolysis. Being able to reliably copy active pyruvate kinases (PK) would allow study of the different isozymes, with the goal of eventually creating plants that are more nutritionally beneficial for humans. This study focused on improving the protocol for replicating each of two isolated PK isozymes from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Previous attempts had resulted in the PK denaturing and consequently precipitating out of solution and so we manipulated the …

Studies Related To Microbially Induced Corrosion Of Stainless Steel 304 And 316, Somil Gupta

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Pitting corrosion of stainless steel (SS) is observed in many different industries including the dairy industry. It is of concern, because it weakens the steel, and can cause cracking. Any replacement or repair of SS equipment is very costly and also causes delays in product manufacture. Microbial Induced Corrosion (MIC) is a possible accelerator of natural corrosion seen in galvanized steel pipes. Studies have shown a correlation between surface roughness and the ability of bacteria to colonize and form biofilms. Dairy industry utilizes higher food grade SS 304 and 316. However, even these relatively corrosion resistant stainless steel grades may …

Non-Dairy Probiotic Products, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam, Gaurav Rajauria

Books/Book Chapters/ Proceedings

The term probiotic was technically defined as “live microorganisms which upon ingestion in certain numbers exert health benefits beyond inherent nutrition” (FAO/ WHO 2001). This definition requires that the microorganisms must be alive and present in high numbers, generally more than 109 cells per daily ingested dose. Probiotic food products are considered as functional foods which are defined to contain health-promoting components beyond traditional nutrients and the addition of probiotic cultures is one approach in which foods could be modified to become functional.

Transcriptional Stress Response In Foodborne Pathogens, Aaron M. Pleitner

Open Access Dissertations

Novel molecular method use is leading to better identification and understanding of microbial presence in food and food processing environments. The application of molecular methods targeting foodborne pathogens provides genetic profiling and targeted intervention methods. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) provides information on the genomic uniqueness of specific pathogens and is being implemented in epidemiological investigations. Transcriptomic profiling allows for tracking the differential expression of genes and elucidating stress responses. Effective methods and treatments require an understanding of intervention (e.g. sanitizers) and treatment (e.g. antibiotics) mechanisms and efficacies. Accurate novel molecular method use requires proper learning of theory and data management. ^ …

Detection Of Beneficial Microbiota In Mouse Colon, Aranya Linpisanl

Wayne State University Theses

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Bifidobacterium are the most common types of microbes used as probiotics. They are present in the human gastrointestinal tract and have a significant influence on our health and well-being. Microbiota plays an important role in host metabolism and provides a natural defense mechanism against invading pathogens. This experiment was focusing on establish a method to detect the gastrointestinal tract microbiota, either by fecal or colonic tissue DNA extraction.

The experiment comparing 2 types of DNA extraction; ZR Fecal kit and DNAzol direct. DNAzol direct was easy to use but was not suitable for long term …

Potential Antidiabetic And Antioxidant Activitys Of Selected Medicinal Plants, Paba Surangi Sathsara Saranasingha Edirisuriya

Wayne State University Theses

Explore traditionally used medicinal plants for diabetes mellitus would be beneficial to find an alternative option for controlling global diabetic prevalence. Present study aims to compare and identify potential antidiabetic activity in Tinospora cordifolia, Gymnema sylvestre and Aegle marmelos. Fifty percent acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of each plant were studied for anti-diabetic activity using different assays (ORAC, DPPH, ABTS, TPC, α-glucosidase inhibition). Total phenolic content and anti oxidant properties were significantly different among three plants. Tinospora cordifolia ethyl acetate extract possessed significantly higher anti oxidant activity and total phenolic content. DPPH and ABTS results were significantly correlated with each …

Antimicrobial-Resistant Listeria Species From Retail Meat In Metro Detroit, Liziane Da Rocha

Wayne State University Theses

A total of 138 Listeria isolates, including 58 Listeria welshimeri, 44 Listeria monocytogenes, and 36 Listeria innocua, from retail meat were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility tests against nine antimicrobials. In addition, the 44 L. monocytogenes were analyzed by serotype identification using PCR and genotyping using pulsed-filed gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Resistance to one or two antimicrobials was observed in 32 Listeria (23.2%). No multidrug resistance was identified. Tetracycline resistance was the most common resistance phenotype and identified in 22 Listeria isolates. Low prevalence of resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, and vancomycin was also detected. L. innocua demonstrated the highest overall prevalence …

Curcumin Attenuates The Effects Of Atherogenic Diet In Aged Male Brown Norway Rats, Vindhyaja Srirajavatsavai

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

CURCUMIN ATTENUATES THE EFFECTS OF ATHEROGENIC DIET IN AGED MALE BROWN NORWAY RATS

by

VINDHYAJA SRIRAJAVATSAVAI

DECEMBER 2015

Advisor: Dr. Smiti Gupta

Major: Nutrition and Food Science

Degree: Master of Science

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a universal problem in modern society. Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Hyperlipidemia further leads to increased oxidation and inflammation. Curcumin has long been used as a spice and food-coloring agent. In experimental animals, curcumin has shown anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and anti-oxidant properties. In this study, Aged Brown Norway Rats were fed 1 of 3 experimental diets: a …

Brewing Makes You Smarter, Joe Potter

Honors Projects

No abstract provided.

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Letter From The Dean, Michael Vayda

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 16 2015, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.