Organ-Specific Regulation Of Atp7a Abundance Is Coordinated With Systemic Copper Homeostasis,
2017
University of Maryland
Organ-Specific Regulation Of Atp7a Abundance Is Coordinated With Systemic Copper Homeostasis, Haarin Chun, Tracy Catterson, Heejeong Kim, Jaekwon Lee, Byung-Eun Kim
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
Copper (Cu) is an essential cofactor for various enzymatic activities including mitochondrial electron transport, iron mobilization, and peptide hormone maturation. Consequently, Cu dysregulation is associated with fatal neonatal disease, liver and cardiac dysfunction, and anemia. While the Cu transporter ATP7A plays a major role in both intestinal Cu mobilization to the periphery and prevention of Cu over-accumulation, it is unclear how regulation of ATP7A contributes to Cu homeostasis in response to systemic Cu fluctuation. Here we show, using Cu-deficient mouse models, that steadystate levels of ATP7A are lower in peripheral tissues (including the heart, spleen, and liver) under Cu deficiency …
Global Fire Emissions Estimates During 1997-2016,
2017
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Global Fire Emissions Estimates During 1997-2016, Guido R. Van Der Werf, James T. Randerson, Louis Giglio, Thijs T. Van Leeuwen, Yang Chen, Brendan M. Rogers, Mingquan Mu, Margreet J.E. Van Marle, Douglas C. Morton, G. James Collatz, Robert J. Yokelson, Prasad S. Kasibhatla
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Climate, land use, and other anthropogenic and natural drivers have the potential to influence fire dynamics in many regions. To develop a mechanistic understanding of the changing role of these drivers and their impact on atmospheric composition, long-term fire records are needed that fuse information from different satellite and in situ data streams. Here we describe the fourth version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) and quantify global fire emissions patterns during 1997-2016. The modeling system, based on the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) biogeochemical model, has several modifications from the previous version and uses higher quality input datasets. Significant upgrades …
Special Issue: Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding 2017,
2017
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University
Special Issue: Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding 2017, Steve Scheiner
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Even after more than a century of study [1–6], scrutiny, and detailed examination, the H-bond continues [7–12] to evoke a level of fascination that surpasses many other phenomena. Perhaps it is the ability of the simple H atom, with but a single electron, to act as a glue that maintains contact between much more complicated species. Or it might be its geometry, which prefers to hold the bridging proton on a direct line between the two heavy atoms. Not to be ignored are the spectral features of the H-bond: the large red shift of the stretching frequency of the covalent …
Genome Structure Of Bacillus Cereus Tsu1 And Genes Involved In Cellulose Degradation And Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate Synthesis,
2017
Tennessee State University
Genome Structure Of Bacillus Cereus Tsu1 And Genes Involved In Cellulose Degradation And Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate Synthesis, Hui Li, Suping Zhou, Terrance Johnson, Koen Vercruysse, Lizhi Ouyang, Ranganathan Parthasarathy, Nsoki Phambu, Alexander J. Ropelewski, Theodore W. Thannhauser
Chemistry Faculty Research
In previous work, we reported on the isolation and genome sequence analysis of Bacillus cereus strain tsu1 NCBI accession number JPYN00000000. The 36 scaffolds in the assembled tsu1 genome were all aligned with B. cereus B4264 genome with variations. Genes encoding for xylanase and cellulase and the cluster of genes in the poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) biosynthesis pathway were identified in tsu1 genome. The PHB accumulation in B. cereus tsu1 was initially identified using Sudan Black staining and then confirmed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Physical properties of these PHB extracts, when analyzed with Raman spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, were found …
Silver Oxide Coatings With High Silver-Ion Elution Rates And Characterization Of Bactericidal Activity.,
2017
Rowan University
Silver Oxide Coatings With High Silver-Ion Elution Rates And Characterization Of Bactericidal Activity., Sarah S Goderecci, Eric Kaiser, Michael Yanakas, Zachary Norris, Jeffrey Scaturro, Robert Oszust, Clarence D Medina, Fallon Waechter, Min Heon, Robert R Krchnavek, Lei Yu, Samuel E Lofland, Renee M Demarest, Gregory A Caputo, Jeffrey D Hettinger
College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research
This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of silver oxide films for use as bactericidal coatings. Synthesis parameters, dissolution/elution rate, and bactericidal efficacy are reported. Synthesis conditions were developed to create AgO, Ag₂O, or mixtures of AgO and Ag₂O on surfaces by reactive magnetron sputtering. The coatings demonstrate strong adhesion to many substrate materials and impede the growth of all bacterial strains tested. The coatings are effective in killing Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrating a clear zone-of-inhibition against bacteria growing on solid media and the ability to rapidly inhibit bacterial growth in planktonic culture. Additionally, the coatings exhibit very …
Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry By Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification (Adci) And Dose Estimation,
2017
The University of Western Ontario
Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry By Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification (Adci) And Dose Estimation, Peter Rogan, Ben Shirley, Yanxin Li, Joan Knoll
Biochemistry Publications
Biological radiation dose can be estimated from dicentric chromosome frequencies in metaphase cells. Performing these cytogenetic dicentric chromosome assays is traditionally a manual, labor-intensive process not well suited to handle the volume of samples which may require examination in the wake of a mass casualty event. Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identifier and Dose Estimator (ADCI) software automates this process by examining sets of metaphase images using machine learning-based image processing techniques. The software selects appropriate images for analysis by removing unsuitable images, classifies each object as either a centromere-containing chromosome or non-chromosome, further distinguishes chromosomes as monocentric chromosomes (MCs) or dicentric …
Enhanced Physical Endurance And Improved Memory Performance Following Taurine Administration In Rats,
2017
Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
Enhanced Physical Endurance And Improved Memory Performance Following Taurine Administration In Rats, Irfan Sajid, Saara Muddasir, Shaista Emad, Zehra Batool, Saima Khaliq, Lubna Anis, Saiqa Tabassum, Syeda Madiha, Laraib Liaquat, Sadia Sadir, Tahira Perveen, Saida Haider
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Energy drinks enhance physical endurance and cognitive ability. The ingredients present in these drinks are considered as ergogenic and have memory boosting effects. In the present study effects of taurine administration for one week was monitored on physical exercise and memory performance in rats. Animals were divided into two groups namely control and test. Taurine was injected intraperitoneally to the test group at the dose of 100mg/kg. After one week of treatment rats were subjected to physical exercise and memory task. Results of this study revealed that rats injected with taurine for one week exhibited improved muscular strength as well …
Cleveland Clinic
Development And Validation Of A Novel Lc–Ms/Ms Method For Simultaneous Determination Of Abiraterone And Its Seven Steroidal Metabolites In Human Serum: Innovation In Separation Of Diastereoisomers Without Use Of A Chiral Column, Mohammad Alyamani, Zhenfei Li, Sunil K. Upadhyay, David J. Anderson, Richard J. Auchus, Nima Sharifi
Chemistry Faculty Publications
Abiraterone acetate (AA), the prodrug of abiraterone, is FDA-approved for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Abiraterone is metabolized in patients to a more potent analogue, D4A. However, we have recently reported that this analogue is further metabolized to additional metabolites in patients treated with AA. Here, we present a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method developed to resolve and detect abiraterone and its seven metabolites in human serum using an AB Sciex Qtrap 5500 mass analyzer coupled with a Shimadzu Nexera UPLC station. Analytes and the internal standard (abiraterone-d4) were extracted from human serum using the liquid–liquid extraction procedure. The …
Effect Of Extracellular Survivin And Lymphoma Exosomes On Natural Killer Cells,
2017
Loma Linda University
Effect Of Extracellular Survivin And Lymphoma Exosomes On Natural Killer Cells, Heather R. Ferguson Bennit
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Tumors alter their microenvironment to promote survival using methods such as angiogenesis promotion, growth signals, and immune suppression. The immune system becomes unresponsive to transformed neoplastic cells through a variety of methods including T cell suppression, increased myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and reduced natural killer (NK) cell activity. NK cells have inherent killing capabilities and thus are among the first responders in recognizing and destroying abnormal cells. However, many types of cancers inhibit the surveillance and cytotoxic abilities of NK cells by releasing exosomes, vesicles that can modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and intercellular communication for the purpose of enhancing …
An Automated Workflow For Quantifying Rna Transcripts In Individual Cells In Large Data-Sets,
2017
Purdue University
An Automated Workflow For Quantifying Rna Transcripts In Individual Cells In Large Data-Sets, Matthew C. Pharris, Tzu-Ching Wu, Xinping Chen, Xu Wang, David M. Umulis, Vikki M. Weake, Tamara L. Kinzer-Ursem
Department of Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Advanced molecular probing techniques such as single molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) or RNAscope can be used to assess the quantity and spatial location of mRNA transcripts within cells. Quantifying mRNA expression in large image sets usually involves automated counting of fluorescent spots. Though conventional spot counting algorithms may suffice, they often lack high-throughput capacity and accuracy in cases of crowded signal or excessive noise. Automatic identification of cells and processing of many images is still a challenge. We have developed a method to perform automatic cell boundary identification while providing quantitative data about mRNA transcript levels across many …
Mutagenesis Of Human Alpha-Galactosidase A For The Treatment Of Fabry Disease,
2017
CUNY Graduate Center
Mutagenesis Of Human Alpha-Galactosidase A For The Treatment Of Fabry Disease, Erin Stokes
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of the enzyme, α-galactosidase A, which results in the accumulation of the lipid substrate. This accumulation results in obstruction of blood flow in patients and early demise at approximately 40-60 years of age. There is currently only one FDA approved treatment (Fabrazyme) classified as an enzyme replacement therapy. However, approximately 88% of patients experience a severe immune response that, rarely, can be fatal and is a huge cost burden at average $250,000 a year per patient. The structure of α-galactosidase A has been previously determined to be a …
Potential Modifications To Enzyme Replacement Therapy In Anderson-Fabry Disease,
2017
CUNY Graduate Center
Potential Modifications To Enzyme Replacement Therapy In Anderson-Fabry Disease, Mariam Meghdari
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Mutations in the GLA gene that encodes the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A (αGal) result in the sphingolipidoses named Fabry disease. This enzymatic defect is inherited as an X-linked recessive disorder and is associated with a progressive deposition of glycosphingolipids, including globotriaosylceramide (GB3), galabioasylceramide, and blood group B substance in the cell. In affected males, and in some females, this leads to early death due to occlusive disease of the heart, kidney, and brain. This disease is currently treated by infusions of αGal, prolonging patients’ lives but producing antibodies against the enzyme reducing the treatment efficacy. Treatment also causes numerous and …
Insight Into The Interaction Between The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (Pparγ) And Adipocyte Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (A-Fabp),
2017
CUNY Graduate Center
Insight Into The Interaction Between The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (Pparγ) And Adipocyte Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (A-Fabp), Qian Wang
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
The Adipocyte Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (AFABP) is mainly expressed in fat cells. It can bind fatty acids and other lipophilic substances such as eicosanoids and retinoids. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor protein that requires ligand binding to regulate the specific gene transcription. PPARγ is expressed at extremely high levels in adipose tissue, macrophages, and the large intestine, where it controls lipid adipogenesis and energy conversion. Moreover, it has been found that AFABP and PPARγ can form a complex in vivo. It is proposed that AFABP carries the ligand and enters into the nucleus where it …
Differential Uptake Of Gold Nanoparticles By 2 Species Of Tadpole, The Wood Frog (Lithobates Sylvaticus) And The Bullfrog (Lithobates Catesbeianus),
2017
Gettysburg College
Differential Uptake Of Gold Nanoparticles By 2 Species Of Tadpole, The Wood Frog (Lithobates Sylvaticus) And The Bullfrog (Lithobates Catesbeianus), Lucas B. Thompson, Gerardo L.F. Carfagno, Kurt Andresen, Andrea J. Sitton, Taylor B. Bury, Laura L. Lee, Kevin T. Lerner, Peter P. Fong
Biology Faculty Publications
Engineered nanoparticles are aquatic contaminants of emerging concern that exert ecotoxicological effects on a wide variety of organisms. We exposed cetyltrimethylammonium bromide–capped spherical gold nanoparticles to wood frog and bullfrog tadpoles with conspecifics and in combination with the other species continuously for 21 d, then measured uptake and localization of gold. Wood frog tadpoles alone and in combination with bullfrog tadpoles took up significantly more gold than bullfrogs. Bullfrog tadpoles in combination with wood frogs took up significantly more gold than controls. The rank order of weight-normalized gold uptake was wood frogs in combination > wood frogs alone > bullfrogs in combination …
Translational Fidelity, Mistranslation, And The Cellular Responses To Stress,
2017
The Ohio State University
Translational Fidelity, Mistranslation, And The Cellular Responses To Stress, Kyle Mohler, Michael Ibba
Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research
Faithful translation of mRNA into the corresponding polypeptide is a complex multistep process, requiring accurate amino acid selection, transfer RNA (tRNA) charging and mRNA decoding on the ribosome. Key players in this process are aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), which not only catalyse the attachment of cognate amino acids to their respective tRNAs, but also selectively hydrolyse incorrectly activated non-cognate amino acids and/or misaminoacylated tRNAs. This aaRS proofreading provides quality control checkpoints that exclude non-cognate amino acids during translation, and in so doing helps to prevent the formation of an aberrant proteome. However, despite the intrinsic need for high accuracy during translation, …
Molecular Mechanisms Of C-Terminal Eps15 Homology Domain Containing (Ehd) Protein Function,
2017
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Molecular Mechanisms Of C-Terminal Eps15 Homology Domain Containing (Ehd) Protein Function, Kriti Bahl
Theses & Dissertations
Endocytic trafficking is not only an essential process for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis but also plays a vital role in regulating diverse cellular processes such as signaling, migration and cell division. The C-terminal Eps 15 Homology Domain proteins (EHD1-4) play pivotal roles in regulating distinct steps of endocytic trafficking. Among the EHDs, EHD2 is disparate both in terms of sequence homology (70%) and its subcellular localization at the caveolae. The crystal structure of EHD2 has been solved and it contains an unstructured loop consisting of two proline-phenylalanine (PF) motifs: KPFRKLNPF. However, the other paralogs EHD1, …
Thermodynamic And Kinetic Analyses Of Iron Response Element (Ire)-Mrna Binding To Iron Regulatory Protein, Irp1,
2017
CUNY Hunter College
Thermodynamic And Kinetic Analyses Of Iron Response Element (Ire)-Mrna Binding To Iron Regulatory Protein, Irp1, Mateen A. Khan, William E. Walden, Elizabeth C. Theil, Dixie J. Goss
Publications and Research
Comparison of kinetic and thermodynamic properties of IRP1 (iron regulatory protein1) binding to FRT (ferritin) and ACO2 (aconitase2) IRE-RNAs, with or without Mn2+, revealed differences specific to each IRE-RNA. Conserved among animal mRNAs, IRE-RNA structures are noncoding and bind Fe2+ to regulate biosynthesis rates of the encoded, iron homeostatic proteins. IRP1 protein binds IRERNA, inhibiting mRNA activity; Fe2+ decreases IRE-mRNA/IRP1 binding, increasing encoded protein synthesis. Here, we observed heat, 5 °C to 30 °C, increased IRP1 binding to IRE-RNA 4-fold (FRT IRE-RNA) or 3-fold (ACO2 IRE-RNA), which was enthalpy driven and entropy favorable. Mn2+ (50 μM, 25 °C) increased IRE-RNA/IRP1 …
Dietary Phytochemicals As Inhibitors Of Primary Amine Oxidase,
2017
Technological University Dublin
Dietary Phytochemicals As Inhibitors Of Primary Amine Oxidase, Padraig Shanahan, Jeffrey O'Sullivan, Keith F. Tipton, Gemma Kinsella, Barry J. Ryan, Gary T. Henehan
Articles
Phytochemicals such as methylxanthines, catechins and polyphenols show health benefits in a range of diseases although their mechanism of action is not fully understood. Primary Amine Oxidase (PrAO) is widely recognised as a therapeutic drug target for the treatment of inflammatory, vascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Previous work in our laboratories showed that caffeine inhibited bovine PrAO activity with a Ki of 1.0mM. In the present study we examined a range of methylxanthines and catechins as inhibitors of bovine PrAO. The methylxanthines tested were caffeine, paraxanthine, theophylline, theobromine and 7-methylxanthine. Of these, only theobromine was an inhibitor with an IC50 of …
Metalloproteases Of The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane,
2017
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Metalloproteases Of The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane, Roman M. Levytskyy, Iryna Bohovych, Oleh Khalimonchuk
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
The inner mitochondrial membrane (IM) is among most protein-rich cellular compartments. The metastable IM sub-proteome where the concentration of proteins is approaching oversaturation creates a challenging protein folding environment with high probability for protein malfunction or aggregation. Failure to maintain protein homeostasis in such a setting can impair functional integrity of the mitochondria and drive clinical manifestations. The IM is equipped with a series of highly conserved, proteolytic complexes dedicated to the maintenance of normal protein homeostasis within this mitochondrial sub-compartment. Particularly important is a group of membrane-anchored metallopeptidases commonly known as m-AAA and i-AAA proteases, and the ATP-independent Oma1 …
The Role Of Interactions Of Long Non-Coding Rnas
And Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins In
Regulating Cellular Functions,
2017
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
The Role Of Interactions Of Long Non-Coding Rnas And Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins In Regulating Cellular Functions, Xinghui Sun, Mohamed Sham Shihabudeen Haider Ali, Matthew Moran
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as critical regulators of various biological processes and human diseases. The mechanisms of action involve their interactions with proteins, RNA and genomic DNA. Most lncRNAs display strong nuclear localization. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are a large family of RNA-binding proteins that are important for multiple aspects of nucleic acid metabolism. hnRNPs are also predominantly expressed in the nucleus. This review discusses the interactions of lncRNAs and hnRNPs in regulating gene expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels or by changing genomic structure, highlighting their involvements in glucose and lipid metabolism, immune response, DNA damage response, …
