Social Media As A Window Into Human-Wildlife Interactions And Zoonotic Disease Risk: An Examination Of Wild Pig Hunting Videos On Youtube,
2021
Warner College of Natural Resources
Social Media As A Window Into Human-Wildlife Interactions And Zoonotic Disease Risk: An Examination Of Wild Pig Hunting Videos On Youtube, Hailey E. Mclean, Lauren M. Jaebker, Aaron M. Anderson, Tara L. Teel, Alan D. Bright, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Keith M. Carlisle
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) damage agriculture and the environment, as well as transmit diseases to animals and people. Hunters are particularly vulnerable to zoonotic disease risks when harvesting wild pigs. Management agencies have endeavored to inform the public about disease risks associated with wild pigs and best practices for mitigating such risks. However, the extent that this guidance has reached hunters and influenced their practices is unclear. We approached this topic through an analysis of wild pig hunting videos on YouTube. We found evidence of relatively few behaviors and communications regarding disease risks and best practices for personal …
Relative Acceptance Of Brodifacoum Pellets And Soft Bait Sachets By Polynesian Rats (Rattus Exulans) On Wake Atoll,
2021
USDA APHIS National Wildlife Research Center
Relative Acceptance Of Brodifacoum Pellets And Soft Bait Sachets By Polynesian Rats (Rattus Exulans) On Wake Atoll, Peter J. Kappes, Shane R. Siers
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Removing invasive rats from island ecosystems using rodenticides has proven conservation benefits and is an important management tool for conserving and restoring island ecosystems. However, rodenticide-based eradications can fail if not all rats consume enough bait to result in lethal toxicosis. A recent post-operational review of a failed attempt to eradicate rats from Wake Atoll suggested that some individuals may not have ingested a lethal dose of rodenticide due to potential dietary and/or sensory preferences developed via regular access to anthropogenic food sources. These food sources may be higher in fats and oils, possessing different sensory properties (e.g., softer, chewier, …
Strategic Considerations For Invasive Species Managers In The Utilization Of Environmental Dna (Edna): Steps For Incorporating This Powerful Surveillance Tool,
2021
National Invasive Species Council Staff
Strategic Considerations For Invasive Species Managers In The Utilization Of Environmental Dna (Edna): Steps For Incorporating This Powerful Surveillance Tool, Jeffrey Morisette, Stanley Burgiel, Kelsey Brantley, Wesley M. Daniel, John Darling, Jeanette Davis, Thomas Franklin, Keith Gaddis, Margaret Hunter, Richard Lance, Tracy Leskey, Yale Passamaneck, Antoinette Piaggio, Brian Rector, Adam Sepulveda, Melissa Smith, Carol A. Stepien, Taylor Wilcox
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Invasive species surveillance programs can utilize environmental DNA sampling and analysis to provide information on the presence of invasive species. Wider utilization of eDNA techniques for invasive species surveillance may be warranted. This paper covers topics directed towards invasive species managers and eDNA practitioners working at the intersection of eDNA techniques and invasive species surveillance. It provides background information on the utility of eDNA for invasive species management and points to various examples of its use across federal and international programs. It provides information on 1) why an invasive species manager should consider using eDNA, 2) deciding if eDNA can …
Reproductive Trade-Offs In The Colorado Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis Neotesselatus): An Examination Of The Relationship Between Clutch And Follicle Size,
2021
Colorado State University
Reproductive Trade-Offs In The Colorado Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis Neotesselatus): An Examination Of The Relationship Between Clutch And Follicle Size, Hannah E. Caracalas, S. S. French, S. B. Hudson, B. M. Kluever, A. C. Webb, D. Eifler, A. J. Lehmicke, Lise M. Aubry
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Life history theory predicts that there should be an inverse relationship between offspring size and number, because individuals cannot simultaneously maximize both when resources are limited. Although extensively studied in avian species, the occurrence and determinants of reproductive tradeoffs in oviparous reptiles are far less understood, particularly in parthenogenetic species. We studied this trade-off in the Colorado Checkered Whiptail, Aspidoscelis neotesselatus, a female-only parthenogenetic lizard. Using data previously collected in 2018 and 2019, we tested for clutch and egg size trade-offs and determined whether this relationship could be influenced by female size and aspects of physiological condition. Physiological condition …
Differing Alterations Of Odor Volatiles Among Pathogenic Stimuli,
2021
Monell Chemical Senses Center
Differing Alterations Of Odor Volatiles Among Pathogenic Stimuli, Patrick Millet, Talia Martin, Maryanne Opiekun, Gary K. Beauchamp, Bruce A. Kimball
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Alterations of the volatile metabolome (the collection of volatiles present in secretions and other emanations) that occur in response to inflammation can be detected by conspecifics and chemometric analyses. Using a model system where mouse urinary metabolites are altered by treatment with lipopolysaccharide (found in the outer cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria), we hypothesized that alteration of body odor volatiles will vary according to the pathogen responsible for inducing the inflammation. We tested this hypothesis by treating mice with different immunogens that engage different immune signaling pathways. Results suggest that alterations of body odor volatiles resulting from inflammation do contain …
Influenza A Virus Surveillance, Infection And Antibody Persistence In Snow Geese (Anser Caerulescens),
2021
USDA APHIS National Wildlife Research Center
Influenza A Virus Surveillance, Infection And Antibody Persistence In Snow Geese (Anser Caerulescens), Susan A. Shriner, J. Jeffrey Root, Jeremy W. Ellis, Kevin T. Bentler, Kaci K. Vandalen, Thomas Gidlewski, Sarah N. Bevins
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Some snow geese (Anser caerulescens) migrate between Eurasia and North America and exhibit high seroprevalence for influenza A viruses (IAVs). Hence, these birds might be expected to play a role in intercontinental dispersal of IAVs. Our objective in this manuscript was to characterize basic incidence and infection characteristics for snow geese to assess whether these birds are likely to significantly contribute to circulation of IAVs. Thus, we 1) estimated snow goose infection prevalence by summarizing > 5,000 snow goose surveillance records, 2) experimentally infected snow geese with a low pathogenic IAV (H4N6) to assess susceptibility and infection dynamics and …
Social Structure Defines Spatial Transmission Of African Swine Fever In Wild Boar,
2021
USDA National Wildlife Research Center
Social Structure Defines Spatial Transmission Of African Swine Fever In Wild Boar, Kim M. Pepin, Andrew J. Golnar, Tomasz Podgórski
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
The spatial spread of infectious disease is determined by spatial and social processes such as animal space use and family group structure. Yet, the impacts of social processes on spatial spread remain poorly understood and estimates of spatial transmission kernels (STKs) often exclude social structure. Understanding the impacts of social structure on STKs is important for obtaining robust inferences for policy decisions and optimizing response plans. We fit spatially explicit transmission models with different assumptions about contact structure to African swine fever virus surveillance data from eastern Poland from 2014 to 2015 and evaluated how social structure affected inference of …
Distal Excurrent Ducts And Penile Morphology Of The Urogenital System In The Mississippi Mud Turtle, Kinosternon Subrubrum Hippocrepis (Chelonia:Kinosternidae),
2021
Arkansas State University
Distal Excurrent Ducts And Penile Morphology Of The Urogenital System In The Mississippi Mud Turtle, Kinosternon Subrubrum Hippocrepis (Chelonia:Kinosternidae), Stanley E. Trauth, Michael V. Plummer
Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science
We examined the distal excurrent ductal morphology and penile anatomy of the urogenital system in the Mississippi Mud Turtle, Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis, from a small sample of individuals collected in Arkansas in order to provide additional information regarding turtle urogenital anatomy. Specifically, we focused on the basic anatomy and histology of distal excurrent ducts (ductus deferens and ureter), associated structures (urogenital papillae), and penile histology in this kinosternid turtle. In addition, we provide an overview of the gross urogenital anatomy in this turtle, given that little detailed information exists on this topic in the chelonian literature.
The Human—Long-Tailed Macaque (Macaca Fascicularis) Interface At Don Chao Poo Forest, Phana, Thailand,
2021
Central Washington University
The Human—Long-Tailed Macaque (Macaca Fascicularis) Interface At Don Chao Poo Forest, Phana, Thailand, Ashton M. Asbury
All Master's Theses
When provisioned food is available, human-macaque coexistence may result in altered macaque behaviors and the possibility of bidirectional disease transmission through interspecies contact. Don Chao Poo forest in Thailand is a conservation site where ~ 1,000 long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) live and interact with people, which includes being provisioned by volunteers and visitors. Phana macaques are habituated to human presence as a result of their frequent interactions with people. I tested whether 1) men and women are equally likely to have contact interactions with macaques, 2) adult and immature macaques are equally likely to have contact interactions with …
Change In The Behaviors And Spatial Use Of Canada Lynx (Lynx Canadensis) Over Time At John Ball Zoo,
2021
Grand Valley State University
Change In The Behaviors And Spatial Use Of Canada Lynx (Lynx Canadensis) Over Time At John Ball Zoo, Hailee Cederquist
Student Summer Scholars Manuscripts
Felines are popular attractions at zoos across the country, even more so when young animals are involved. As such caretakers strive to ensure that their animal’s needs are met, and individuals display healthy behaviors and activity levels in comparison to their wild counterparts (Mcphee & Carlstead, 2010). However, cats, being wide-ranging carnivores, are known to be prone to stereotypical behaviors which can be detrimental to an animal’s health (Clubb & Mason, 2003). At John Ball Zoo in Grand Rapids, Michigan, we observed the behaviors and spatial use of 3 Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) during the summer of 2020; an adult …
Conservation Status And Natural History Of Ctenomys, Tuco-Tucos In Bolivia,
2021
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Conservation Status And Natural History Of Ctenomys, Tuco-Tucos In Bolivia, Scott Lyell Gardner, Sebastian Botero-Cañola, Enzo Aliaga Rossel, Altangerel Tsogtsaikhan Dursahinhan, Jorge A. Salazar-Bravo
Scott L. Gardner Publications
The genus Ctenomys consists of about 70 species and in addition to the Geomyidae of the Nearctic, Neotropical tuco-tucos represent a well-documented case of diversification in the subterranean biotype. Here we will: i) Provide an updated summary of the natural history of the 12 species of extant tuco-tucos from Bolivia; ii) Update information on distributions of each species; and iii) Using ecological niche modeling, evaluate recent and projected habitat transformation or habitat degradation within the known range of each species to provide a preliminary assessment of the preservation or conservation status of ctenomyids within Bolivia. We follow Gardner et al. …
Evaluation On Reducing Toxicity Of Fluoxastrobine With Doped Tio$_{2}$ Nanoparticles,
2021
TÜBİTAK
Evaluation On Reducing Toxicity Of Fluoxastrobine With Doped Tio$_{2}$ Nanoparticles, Abbas Güngördü, Nesri̇n Özmen, Sema Erdemoğlu, Duygu Özhan Turhan, Meltem Asi̇ltürk, Emrah Akgeyi̇k, Murat Özmen
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In this study, toxic effects caused by the degradation of fluoxastrobin, which is a commonly used fungicide where newly synthesized manganese or sulfur-doped TiO$_{2}$ nanoparticles exist were evaluated. The characterization study of nanoparticles was performed by scanning an electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry, Brunau-Emmet-Teller analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and UV-Vis (ultraviolet-visible) reflectance spectra. Subsequently, the photocatalytic performance of nanoparticles, their toxicity, and the photocatalytic degradation products of fluoxastrobin with the same nanoparticles were tested during the two development stages of Xenopus laevis. The LC$_{50}$s of fluoxastrobin were determined on test organisms, and a 5 mg L$^{-1}$ fluoxastrobin was selected to …
Do Castanea Sativa Wild Provenances Influence Dryocosmus Kuriphilus Yasumatsu(Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) Infestations?,
2021
TÜBİTAK
Do Castanea Sativa Wild Provenances Influence Dryocosmus Kuriphilus Yasumatsu(Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) Infestations?, Mario Contarini, Luca Rossini, Romina Caccia, Silvia Morelli, Isacco Beritognolo, Muriel Gaudet, Fiorella Villani, Bruno Paparatti, Stefano Speranza
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The Asian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW), Dryocosmus kuriphilus, native to China was accidentally introduced into many countries worldwide, including Italy. Different susceptibilities have been reported in literature among cultivated plants belonging to different gene pools worldwide, but this aspect has not been sufficiently explored among wild chestnut populations. The aims of this multiyear study were (i) to assess differences in susceptibility to ACGW in wild C. sativa plants coming from different parts of Europe grown in an experimental plot in Central Italy, (ii) to preliminarily analyse the relationships between temperature, relative humidity and rain variables of winter and summer and …
What Are You Doing Here? Investigating On An Unexpected Association In Shallow Mediterranean Dark Caves Sheds Light On The Diet Of Marionia Blainvillea (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia), Egidio Trainito, Marco Fantin, Elisa Manganelli, Giulia Furfaro
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In a shallow dark cave along the coast of Capo Palinuro (Campania, Italy), the finding of an unusual aggregation of individuals belonging to Marionia blainvillea (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia) has allowed to identify a population of Cervera atlantica (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Alcyonacea) and to add this latter to the list of the hosts preyed by this tritoniid nudibranch. This association was confirmed by a second observation in a dark shallow cave in the Island of San Pietro (Sardinia, Italy). Moreover, a subsequent internet data mining shed light on the diet of M. blainvillea adding useful ecological notes on the scarcely known trophism characterizing …
Comparative Pharmacokinetics Of Puerarin In Pure Compound Form And Puerarin In White Kwao Krua Extract In Female Cynomolgus Monkeys,
2021
Faculty of Science
Comparative Pharmacokinetics Of Puerarin In Pure Compound Form And Puerarin In White Kwao Krua Extract In Female Cynomolgus Monkeys, Sureerat Namken
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Pueraria mirifica is an endemic Thai plant that puerarin is a major chemical found in this plant and shows several pharmacological activities in aging diseases. Although the pharmacokinetic data on puerarin have been reported in rodents, it is still inconclusive for the development of puerarin as phytopharmaceutical products for human use. This is because of the differences in anatomical and physiological characteristics between rodents and humans. Therefore, the comparative pharmacokinetics of puerarin in pure compound form (PUE) and puerarin in P. mirifica extract (PME) was conducted in female cynomolgus monkeys. PME at a dose of 826 mg/kg.BW (equivalent to 10 …
Dominance Or Leverage? An Analysis Of Female Power In Captive Varecia,
2021
Northern Illinois University
Dominance Or Leverage? An Analysis Of Female Power In Captive Varecia, Jessie E. Birckelbaw
Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations
Lemurs are unusual in that, unlike in most other primates, females have more power than males. This is evident by females receiving priority access to foods and preferred spaces, and frequent grooming. Rebecca Lewis provided a framework to analyze the basis of female power that distinguishes between true dominance and leverage. Dominance is defined as the physical ability to overpower an individual, whereas leverage is the ability to influence others based on intangible resources, such as social currency like grooming or the potential for mating. This study aimed to investigate female power in the critically endangered ruffed lemurs (genus Varecia). …
Occurrence Of Mesocarnivores In Montane
Sky Islands: How Spatial And Temporal Overlap
Informs Rabies Management In A Regional
Hotspot,
2021
University of Arizona
Occurrence Of Mesocarnivores In Montane Sky Islands: How Spatial And Temporal Overlap Informs Rabies Management In A Regional Hotspot, Amanda M. Veals, John Koprowski, David L. Bergman, Kurt C. Vercauteren, David B. Wester
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Interspecific interactions among mesocarnivores can influence community dynamics and resource partitioning. Insights into these interactions can enhance understanding of local ecological processes that have impacts on pathogen transmission, such as the rabies lyssavirus. Host species ecology can provide an important baseline for disease management strategies especially in biologically diverse ecosystems and heterogeneous landscapes. We used a mesocarnivore guild native to the southwestern United States, a regional rabies hotspot, that are prone to rabies outbreaks as our study system. Gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), bobcats (Lynx rufus), and coyotes (Canis latrans) share large portions of their geographic ranges …
Welfare Performance Of Three Foothold Traps For
Capturing North American River Otters Lontra Canadensis,
2021
Pennsylvania Game Commission
Welfare Performance Of Three Foothold Traps For Capturing North American River Otters Lontra Canadensis, Matthew J. Lovallo, H. B. White, J. D. Erb, M. S. Peek, Thomas J. Deliberto
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Foothold traps are effective tools for the live capture and restraint of wildlife for management and research. Successful river otter Lontra canadensis restoration programs throughout North America used them extensively. Restoration programs used a variety of methods and models of foothold traps, but comprehensive efforts to describe and quantify injuries associated with river otter captures have been limited. We evaluated injuries of river otters caught in three commercially available models of foothold traps including the number 11 double long-spring with standard jaws, the number 11 double long-spring with double jaws, and the number 2 coil-spring trap. Based on examinations of …
Scaup Depredation On Arkansas Baitfish And Sportfish Aquaculture,
2021
Mississippi State University
Scaup Depredation On Arkansas Baitfish And Sportfish Aquaculture, Stephen A. Clements, Brian S. Dorr, J. Brian Davis, Luke A. Roy, Carole R. Engle, Katie C. Hanson-Dorr, Anita M. Kelly
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) and greater scaup (A. marila), hereafter scaup, consume a variety of aquatic invertebrates, plants, and occasionally small fish. Scaup have foraged on commercial aquaculture farms in the southern United States for decades. However, the types, abundance, and rate of fish exploitation by scaup on baitfish and sportfish farms are not well documented. Thus, information is needed to understand how fish and other foods influence scaup use of aquatic resources, and any potential economic effects of depredation of fish. From November–March in winters 2016–2017 and 2017–2018, we conducted 1,458 pond surveys to estimate …
Sars-Cov-2 Exposure In Wild White-Tailed Deer
(Odocoileus Virginianus),
2021
APHIS, USDA
Sars-Cov-2 Exposure In Wild White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), Jeffrey C. Chandler, Sarah N. Bevins, Jeremy W. Ellis, Timothy J. Linder, Rachel M. Tell, Melinda Jenkins-Moore, J. Jeffrey Root, Julianna B. Lenoch, Suelee Robbe-Austerman, Thomas J. Deliberto, Tom Gidlewski, Mia Kim Torchetti, Susan A. Shriner
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Widespread human SARS-CoV-2 infections combined with human–wildlife interactions create the potential for reverse zoonosis from humans to wildlife. We targeted white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) for serosurveillance based on evidence these deer have angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors with high affinity for SARS-CoV-2, are permissive to infection, exhibit sustained viral shedding, can transmit to conspecifics, exhibit social behavior, and can be abundant near urban centers. We evaluated 624 prepandemic and postpandemic serum samples from wild deer from four US states for SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Antibodies were detected in 152 samples (40%) from 2021 using a surrogate virus neutralization test. A subset of samples …
