Inferring Phylogenetic Relationships In The Common Vole (Microtus Arvalis) Based Onmitochondrial And Nuclear Sequence Diversities, Derya Çeti̇ntürk, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t, Ercüment Çolak, Georgi̇ Markov, Dusko Cirovic, Mihály Márton
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The common vole Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1778) is the most widespread Microtus species. It has two forms - the European arvalis form (2n: 46, NF: 84) and the Asian obscurus form (2n: 46, NF: 72). The present study aimed to clarify the taxonomic status of M. arvalis populations distributed in Eastern Turkey, Europe and Asia by analysing two mitochondrial (CYTB and COX1) and one nuclear (IRBP) markers. Phylogenetic dendrograms (median-joining networks and Bayesian trees) constructed using the mitochondrial markers clearly separated the Anatolian population from the European and Asian populations. Contrarily, any explicit differentiation was not shown in IRBP analyses. …
Status And Distribution Of The Striped Hyaena, Hyaena Hyaena, In Turkey: An Updatedassessment (Carnivora: Mammalia),
2021
TÜBİTAK
Status And Distribution Of The Striped Hyaena, Hyaena Hyaena, In Turkey: An Updatedassessment (Carnivora: Mammalia), Mühsi̇n Çoğal, Yasi̇n İlemi̇n, Mustafa Sözen
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The Striped Hyaena, Hyaena hyaena, extends its distribution in the north into Turkey, where it has always been rare. In a status assessment conducted by Kasparek et al. in 2004, it was shown that the species is at the brink of extinction. We compiled information from different sources including a press survey and camera trapping in different parts of the country. The situation has even deteriorated since then. The population has strongly decreased, in particular, in the Marmara and Mediterranean regions, and presently the species survives in Western Anatolia only in some small relict populations in Manisa, İzmir, Muğla, and …
Diversity Of Bats In Three Selected Forest Types In Peninsular Malaysia,
2021
TÜBİTAK
Diversity Of Bats In Three Selected Forest Types In Peninsular Malaysia, Nursyereen Mohd Nasir, Dzulhelmi Muhammad Nasir, Rosli Ramli
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Bats, occupying a variety of habitats, play important roles in the tropical forest. Through this study, comparisons on bat species richness and evenness in primary forest, secondary forest, and urban forest were made. Sampling was conducted between 18:30 PM and 06:30 AM using 10 mist-nets and four harp traps for three consecutive nights at the primary and secondary forest of Ulu Gombak Forest Reserve and urban forest in the Universiti Malaya Botanical Garden. This study progressed from February 2012 until April 2014. A total number of 1226 individuals representing 46 species were managed to be captured throughout the period of …
First Report Of The Chilli Thrips, Scirtothrips Dorsalis Hood, 1919 (Thysanoptera:Thripidae) In Turkey,
2021
TÜBİTAK
First Report Of The Chilli Thrips, Scirtothrips Dorsalis Hood, 1919 (Thysanoptera:Thripidae) In Turkey, Ekrem Atakan, Serkan Pehli̇van
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, 1919 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) was reported for the first time in Adana Province, Turkey in October, 2020 on blueberries [Vaccinium myrtillus L. (Ericaceae)]. Its heavy infestation was detected on the vegetative parts of the blueberries. In this short communication, a brief summary of its diagnosis and damage as well as its economic importance in the region is provided.
Positioning Entomopathogenic Nematodes For The Future Viticulture: Exploring Their Use Against Biotic Threats And As Bioindicators Of Soil Health, Raquel Campos-Herrera, Ignacio Vicente-Díez, Rubén Blanco-Pérez, Maryam Chelkha, María Del Mar González-Trujillo, Miguel Puelles, Rasa Cepulité, Alicia Pou
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Vineyards face several biotic threats that compromise the grape quality and quantity. Among those that cause relevant economic impact and have worldwide distribution are the oomycete Plasmopara vitícola, the fungi Erysiphe necator and Botrytis cinerea, and the arthropods Lobesia botrana, Tetranychus urticae, and Phylaenus spumarius (principal vector of the bacterial disease Xylella fastidiosa in Europe). Their management relies primarily on agrochemicals with short persistence; widespread use of these chemicals causes environmental and human health problems. The challenge of sustainable viticulture is to provide ecologically sound alternatives. In this regard, the application of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and natural products derived from …
The Lure Of Hidden Death: Development Of An Attract-And-Kill Strategy Against Wireworms Combining Semiochemicals And Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Diana La Forgia, Pamela Bruno, Raquel Campos-Herrera, Ted Turlings, Francois Verheggen
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Wireworms are polyphagous soil-dwelling pests that are hard to control. Attract-and-kill strategies, combining attractive semiochemicals with biocontrol agents, have great promise to control insect pests. We hypothesized that the combination of plant semiochemicals and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in an attract-and-kill system could greatly enhance the nematodes' efficiency against wireworms. We evaluated the potential of alginate beads loaded with plant extracts and EPNs to control Agriotes obscurus. We tested the efficiency to kill wireworms or to reduce their feeding activity when combining potato tuber extracts as attractants with any of seven different EPN populations. While a direct application of EPNs on …
Assessment Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes And Their Symbiotic Bacteria To Control The Stink Bugs Euschistus Heros And Dichelops Melacanthus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) In The Soybean-Corn Succession System, Samanta Letícia Lopes Nanzer, Gustavo Henrique Recchia, Julie Giovanna Chacon-Orozco, Raphael Satochi Abe Silva, Jorge Franco Maringoli Cardoso, Luis Garrigós Leite
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The Neotropical brown stink bug Euschistus heros and the green-belly stink bug Dichelops melacanthus are the most important pests today for the succession system of soy-corn in Brazil. Dichelops melacanthus attacks the emerging shoot (epicotyl) of corn plants at the seedling stage of their development, remaining and reproducing on the straw over generations. Euschistus heros, on the other hand, feeds directly on the grains and lodge under fallen leaves after the soybean harvest, due to the absence of another crop host. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are capable of killing insects due to their ability to search for the host in the …
Indiscriminate Ingestion Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes And Their Symbiotic Bacteria By Aedes Aegypti Larvae: A Novel Strategy To Control The Vector Of Chikungunya, Dengue And Yellow Fever., Farooq A. Shah, Mostafa M. Abdoarrahem, Colin Berry, Mustapha Touray, Selçuk Hazir, Tariq M. Butt
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Third and fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti actively ingested entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and their symbiotic bacteria, resulting in larval mortality. All six EPN species evaluated in this study were pathogenic to Ae. aegypti but varied significantly in their virulence. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae were most virulent, H. megidis and S. kraussei showed the least virulence, whereas H. downesi and S. feltiae had intermediate virulence. Larval mortality was dose dependent for all EPN species. When using a dose of 100 infective juveniles (IJs) per larva, H. bacteriophora and S. carpocapsae caused 90%-100% mortality, whereas H. downesi and S. feltiae …
Compatibility Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes With Plant Extracts And Post-Exposure Virulence Test Under Laboratory Condition,
2021
TÜBİTAK
Compatibility Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes With Plant Extracts And Post-Exposure Virulence Test Under Laboratory Condition, Adeola Abiola Oso, Tshimangadzo Ramakuwela, Anofi Omotayo Tom Ashafa
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The efficacy of both botanical pesticides and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) is largely dose-dependent and driven by environmental conditions. Combination of the EPNs and botanicals may enhance their efficacy; thus, we investigated the compatibility of the medicinal plants Alepidea amatymbica and Elephantorrhiza elephantina with five locally isolated EPN strains, three Steinernema (S. khoisanae, S. biddulphi and S. innovationi) and two Heterorhabditis (H. bacteriophora and Heterorhabditis sp. SGI 244). The experiments were designed to evaluate EPNs survival in plant extracts extracted using water and ethanol at 1%, 0.75%, 0.50%, 0.25% and 0.125% concentrations and nematode viability post-exposure. A concentration of 1000 IJs/mL …
Determining Some Biological Parameters Of Aenasius Arizonensis (Girault)(Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) On Cotton Mealybug And The Rate Of Parasitism In Fieldconditions, Doğancan Kahya, Asi̇me Fi̇li̇z Çalişkan Keçe, Mehmet Ri̇fat Ulusoy
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is the primary parasitoid of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Some biological parameters of this parasitoid have not been fully understood. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine biological parameters of A.arizonensis at 25 °C, 65% R.H, 16 : 8 L : D with age-stage two-sex life table and effectiveness of this parasitoid in field conditions in Turkey. The results showed that pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods of A. arizonensis were calculated as 1.5, 26, and 3.1 days, respectively. In addition, total mean longevity was determined as 31 days for female and 18 days for …
Susceptibility Of Agriotes Larvae (Coleoptera: Elateridae) To "Stress And Kill" Strategies Using Spinosad And The Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium Brunneum., Pierre Antoine Bourdon, Ian Baxter, Giselher Grabenweger, Tariq Mahmud Butt
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Wireworms (Agriotes obscurus, Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes sordidus) are major pests of arable crops. Damage caused by these subterranean pests has increased following the withdrawal of many traditional synthetic insecticides. Wireworms are susceptible to entomopathogenic fungi belonging to the genus Metarhizium. The aim of this study was to determine if exposure of different wireworm species to sublethal doses of the insecticide spinosad altered their susceptibility to different strains of Metarhizium brunneum. Of the three wireworm species studied, A. obscurus was the most susceptible species to the isolates of M. brunneum tested, while A. lineatus and A. sordidus were not affected by …
Larvicidal, And Cytoxicity Of Lepidium Sativum L. Seed Extract Against Culex Pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae),
2021
TÜBİTAK
Larvicidal, And Cytoxicity Of Lepidium Sativum L. Seed Extract Against Culex Pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae), Lamya Ahmed Al- Keridis, Rania Ali El Hadi Mohamed, Nael Abutaha, Fahd A. Almekhlafi, Amin A. Al-Doaiss, Thikra A. N. Almashaan
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In this work, we investigated the larvicidal, ovicidal, and histopathological alterations induced by Lepidium sativum seed extracts in Culex pipiens. Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvents were used for the seed extraction. Only ethyl acetate seed extract was active against the third instar mosquito larvae of Cx. pipiens. The ethyl acetate extract had an LC$_{50}$ of 27.03 ?g/mL. Egg hatchability was between 95% (25 μg/mL) and 5% (200 μg/mL). The ethyl acetate treated larvae showed protruding epithelial cells, and degraded microvilli. The total phenolic content was 0.3 ± 0.0 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g in the ethyl acetate extract. …
Data Repository For "North American Porcupine Distribution In The Pacific Northwest And Evaluation Of A Non-Invasive Monitoring Technique",
2021
Humboldt State University
Data Repository For "North American Porcupine Distribution In The Pacific Northwest And Evaluation Of A Non-Invasive Monitoring Technique", Cara L. Appel, Katie M. Moriarty, Sean M. Matthews, David S. Green, Stacy Anderson, Evan King, J Scott Yaeger, Jeremy Brown, Claire Bortot, Tim Bean
Research Data Sets
North American Porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) have a broad geographic distribution across much of the continent, but recent evidence suggests that their populations may be declining in some areas, including the Pacific Northwest. Estimating baseline historical and contemporary distributions of Porcupines is necessary for initiating monitoring efforts and, if necessary, informing strategic conservation actions. We compiled 1905 occurrence records of Porcupines in Washington, Oregon, and northern California from 1908 to 2018. Using maximum entropy modeling (Maxent), we created historical and contemporary distribution models based on Porcupine records from 1981–2010 and 2012–2018, respectively, to match the temporal scale of available …
Dung Beetle (Scarabaeinae) Diversity Of The Highest Elevation In West Africa: The Nimba Mountain Range,
2021
Western Kentucky University
Dung Beetle (Scarabaeinae) Diversity Of The Highest Elevation In West Africa: The Nimba Mountain Range, Jacob Bowen
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
The Nimba Mountain Range in Guinea, Ivory Coast, and Liberia is within the Upper Guinean Forests, a critical biodiversity hotspot highly threatened by various human activities. The region is home to many endemic species including the viviparous Nimba toad, Nimba otter-shrew, and the discrete Bossou chimpanzee population. Dung beetles can act as a focal taxon from which extrapolation to the diversity of other taxa and ecosystem health can be made. Elevational trends in dung beetle diversity were investigated on the Nimba Mountain Range and in the nearby Bossou Chimpanzee reserve in Guinea. Dung beetle species diversity surveys aimed to document …
Comparing Interrelated Stress Measures To Differentiate Acute And Chronic Stress In Urban Freshwater Turtles,
2021
Rollins College
Comparing Interrelated Stress Measures To Differentiate Acute And Chronic Stress In Urban Freshwater Turtles, Katherine Caldwell
Honors Program Theses
As urban areas grow in size and number, there are increasing impacts on the wildlife. While some species adapt, others cannot thrive in these conditions. Stress is the biological response to a stimulus that threatens homeostasis, which can be used to understand the condition of an individual. While acute stress is beneficial for survival, chronic stress can lead to deleterious impacts. A majority of turtles can be classified as declining in number or endangered, yet there is little understanding of their physiological stress response. This study examined how various stress measures—including corticosterone (CORT) in plasma, nails and leeches, metabolic measures, …
No Ape Left Behind: Orangutan Conservation Education Project,
2021
Central Washington University
No Ape Left Behind: Orangutan Conservation Education Project, Danna Boshak
All Graduate Projects
Orangutans are critically endangered and if action is not taken, their extinction is imminent. Zoological institutions worldwide serve as an educational means to engage the broader public in conservation awareness and action behaviors. The Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) created the Saving Animals From Extinction (SAFE) initiative to provide zoos with a platform to expand conservation efforts beyond their institutions. In collaboration with the Orangutan SAFE (OSAFE) education committee, the No Ape Left Behind: Orangutan Conservation Education Project develops educational activity resources that provide information about orangutan behavior and ecology as well as action items that individuals can take …
Using Audio Recording Devices And Multiseason Occupancy Modelling To Evaluate Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga Columbiana) Occurrence In Whitebark Pine Habitats Of Washington's Cascade Mountains,
2021
Central Washington University
Using Audio Recording Devices And Multiseason Occupancy Modelling To Evaluate Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga Columbiana) Occurrence In Whitebark Pine Habitats Of Washington's Cascade Mountains, Lauren Taracka
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The Clark’s nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana) and whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), both native to the harsh subalpine habitats of Washington’s Cascade Mountains, are being negatively impacted by white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), and climate change. As temperatures continue to warm, while many species at lower elevations can move upward in elevation to suit their temperature needs, subalpine species do not have that option. Whitebark pine is a keystone tree species - numerous animals consume its high fat, high energy seeds; it’s a nurse tree, providing shelter …
Phylogeography, Diversification, And Historical Demography Of The White-Toothed Rats (Berylmys) In Indochina,
2021
Northern Illinois University
Phylogeography, Diversification, And Historical Demography Of The White-Toothed Rats (Berylmys) In Indochina, Kristy Lee Tuttle
Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations
Berylmys, the White-toothed rats, and other members of the Rattus sl (Rattus, Maxomys, Leopoldamys, Niviventer, Bandicota, and Sundamys) evolved from 3-5 million years ago during a period of dynamic landscape change in Indochinese south Asia wherein climatically stable, warm forests of Miocene and Pliocene Indochina transitioned to a modern landscape regime. From the late Pliocene through the terminal Pleistocene, climate changes, ecological shifts, rising and falling sea levels, and tectonic uplift drove adaptive radiation within Rattus sl, in complex interactions that are still not completely understood. The goal of this study is to understand species relationships and population structure in …
Morphology Of Rathke’S Glands In The Alligator Snapping Turtle, Macrochelys Temminckii (Chelonia: Chelydridae),
2021
Arkansas State University
Morphology Of Rathke’S Glands In The Alligator Snapping Turtle, Macrochelys Temminckii (Chelonia: Chelydridae), Stanley E. Trauth
Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science
I examined the morphology of Rathke’s glands (RG) in the Alligator Snapping Turtle, Macrochelys temminckii, using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. This species possesses 4 pairs of RG (i.e., an axillary and three inframarginals) that are embedded beneath marginal bones and are named primarily according to the anatomical location of their orifices. These holocrine-type, exocrine, integumentary glands are anatomically and ultrastructurally similar to one another. Each gland contains a single and highly vascularized secretory lobule, which is bounded by a thick tunic of asymmetrically-arranged striated muscle bundles. Two types of secretory vacuoles were identified within the holocrine cells …
Energy Content Of Seeds Of Palmer’S Pigweed (Amaranthus Palmeri) In The Diet Of Scaled Quail (Callipepla Squamata) In Southeastern New Mexico,
2021
University of Arkansas at Monticello
Energy Content Of Seeds Of Palmer’S Pigweed (Amaranthus Palmeri) In The Diet Of Scaled Quail (Callipepla Squamata) In Southeastern New Mexico, John L. Hunt, Matthew E. Grilliot, Troy L. Best, Isaac C. Castillo, Paige E. Eddington, Faith A. Johnson, Tyneshia L. Kilgore, Jacob H. Courson
Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science
Palmer’s pigweed (Amaranthus palmeri) is a common grassland plant that occurs across much of North America. It is often considered a weed but is an important source of food for many game birds. We analyzed the energy content of seeds of Palmer’s pigweed obtained from the crops of scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) collected from plains-mesa sand-scrub habitat in Eddy and Lea counties, New Mexico. Seeds were dried for 48 hours at 60°C to remove moisture and then analyzed for gross caloric value (i.e., energy content) in an oxygen bomb calorimeter. Energy content of seeds of Palmer’s …
