Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons^™

The Role Of Crassostrea Virginica Hemocytes In Shell Formation: Ex Vivo Mineral Deposition By Cultured Hemocytes, Emily A. Untener, Douglas C. Hansen, Karolyn Hansen

Biology Faculty Publications

Abstract of Technical Paper Presented at the 103rd Annual Meeting National Shellfisheries Association Baltimore, Maryland March 27–31, 2011

Mercury In The Pelagic And Benthic Food Webs Of The Great Salt Lake, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Erin Fleming, Caleb Izdepski, Jodi Gardberg

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Twin-Screw Extrusion Processing Of Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (Ddgs)-Based Yellow Perch (Perca Flavescens) Feeds, Ferouz Y. Ayadi, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan, Michael L. Brown

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Increases in global aquaculture production, compounded with limited availabilities of fish meal for fish feed, has created the need for alternative protein sources. Twinscrew extrusion studies were performed to investigate the production of nutritionally balanced feeds for juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Five isocaloric (~3.06 kcal/g) ingredient blends, adjusted to a target protein content of 36.7% db, were formulated with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) at an initial moisture content of 5–7%db, with appropriate amounts of fish meal, fish oil, whole wheat flour, corn gluten meal, and vitamin and mineral premixes. …

Effects Of Dietary Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles And Soybean Meal On Extruded Pellet Characteristics And Growth Responses Of Juvenile Yellow Perch, Travis W. Schaeffer, Michael L. Brown, Kurt A. Rosentrater

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

A 126-d feeding trial was performed to investigate graded combinations of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and soybean meal (SBM) in diets formulated for yellow perch Perca flavescens. Six experimental diets contained DDGS and SBM at 0 and 31.5% (dry matter basis), respectively (0/31.5 diet), 10 and 26% (10/26), 20 and 20.5% (20/20.5), 30 and 15% (30/15), 40 and 9.5% (40/9.5), and 50 and 4% (50/4) to obtain similar levels of crude protein (mean ± SE = 30.1 ± 0.2%), crude lipid (16.7 ± 0.7%), and digestible energy (13.5 ± 0.2 kJ/g). Fourteen fish (initial individual weight = 19.1 …

Phylogeography Of The Reef Fish Cephalopholis Argus(Epinephelidae) Indicates Pleistocene Isolation Across The Indo-Pacific Barrier With Contemporary Overlap In The Coral Triangle, Michelle R. Gaither, Brian W. Bowen, Tiana-Rae Bordenave, Luiz A. Rocha, Stephen J. Newman, Juan A. Gomez, Lynne Van Herwerden, Matthew T. Craig

Fisheries Research Articles

Background

The Coral Triangle (CT), bounded by the Philippines, the Malay Peninsula, and New Guinea, is the epicenter of marine biodiversity. Hypotheses that explain the source of this rich biodiversity include 1) the center of origin, 2) the center of accumulation, and 3) the region of overlap. Here we contribute to the debate with a phylogeographic survey of a widely distributed reef fish, the Peacock Grouper (Cephalopholis argus; Epinephelidae) at 21 locations (N = 550) using DNA sequence data from mtDNA cytochrome b and two nuclear introns (gonadotropin-releasing hormone and S7 ribosomal protein).

Results

Population structure was significant …

Invertebrate Zooid Polymorphism: Hydractinia Polyclina And Pagurus Longicarpus Interactions Mediated Through Spiralzooids, Charlotte M. Regula-Whitefield

All Theses And Dissertations

Evaluating the net interaction between symbionts can be challenging when one participant is a colonial animal with polymorphic zooids, because each zooid type has unique functions. The colonial hydroid Hydractinia polyclina has three distinct zooid types, each of which contributes particular components to the interaction with host hermit crabs. Of these three zooid types, the function of spiralzooids is not well understood. Previously, spiralzooids have been proposed to contribute a strong negative interaction component by directly reducing their host hermit crab’s reproductive output. However, this hypothesis is not supported by past or current data. I propose that spiralzooids instead function …

Diel Distribution And Movement Of Sound Scattering Layer In Kuroshio Waters, Northeastern Taiwan, Ming-An Lee, Ming-Hsiu Chao, Jinn-Shing Weng, Yang-Chi Lan, Hsueh-Jung Lu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

A 26-hr acoustic observation was carried out on board of the “Ocean Research II” in the Kuroshio waters at 123°09.027'E, 25°05.019'N from August 4 to 5, 2007. Acoustic volume scattering strengths (SVs) were collected by a scientific echo sounder (EK500, 38 kHz) and diel variations of sound scattering layer were analyzed. The maximum SV of surface scattering layers (SSL) around 20~80 m was observed after dawn, and mean SVs of SSL in nighttime was about -68 dB, 8 dB higher than that of daytime. Two deep scattering layers (DSL) were found in daytime at depth of 400~500 m and 600~700 …

Measurement And Modeling Of Three Dimensional Target Strength Of Fish For Horizontal Scanning Sonar, Muhammad Kurnia, Kohji Iida, Tohru Mukai

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper discusses the three-dimensional target strength (3DTS) of fish for a horizontal scanning sonar. Experiments were conducted in a tank using a defrosted Japanese mackerel. Measurements were made by changing the horizontal incident angle of a 50 kHz acoustic beam and the pitch angle of a tethered fish. Following the experiment, morphological characteristics, including the swimbladder size and shape, were measured using soft X-ray and digitized. The theoretical 3DTS was estimated using the prolate spheroid model and compared with the measured 3DTS. Results showed that the TS strongly depended on the fish orientation. The maximum and minimum TS were …

Spatial Estimation Of Euphausiid Biomass Along The Pacific Coast Of Eastern Hokkaido, Japan In Early Summer Of 2008, Naoki Tojo, Kenji Minami, Ryuichi Matsukura, Yohei Kawauchi, Tetsuichiro Funamoto, Masayuki Chimura, Akira Nishimura, Kazushi Miyashita

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This study focused on euphausiid distribution and biomass estimation over the coastal shelf of the Pacific coast of Hokkaido Japan in early summer 2008. Acoustic data were obtained in both day (6:00-18:00) and night (18:00-6:00) using a quantitative echosounder (EK60, Simrad) with two frequencies (120 and 38 kHz). Echoes of euphausiids were specified based on the ΔMVBS, calculated with seasonal theoretical target strength of Euphausia pacifica. The best-fit kriging models were used to quantitatively interpolate euphausiid distribution. The detected euphausiid biomass reached 38,278 t (> 15 gWWm-2), suggesting abundant prey for large fishes over study area. On the other hand, …

Preface, Kohji Iida, Ming-An Lee, Masahiko Furusawa

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

No abstract provided.

Technology Evolution And Advances In Fisheries Acoustics, Dezhang Chu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Application of sonar technology to fisheries acoustics has made significant advances over recent decades. The echosounder systems evolved from the simple analog single-beam and single-frequency systems to more sophisticated digital multi-beam and multi-frequency systems. In this paper, a brief review of major technological advances in fisheries acoustics is given, as well as examples of their applications.

Echo Integration Near The Seabed, Masahiko Furusawa

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The echo integration (EI) method has long been used for fish abundance estimations. The method is applicable to any type of fish distribution and the analysis is easy to perform by advanced software. For fish near the seabed, however, sometimes it is difficult to perform an analysis because of so-called dead zones. In this paper, the EI near the seabed is considered, reviewing past studies and introducing some new ideas such as an unsampled zone. For the consideration, close inspection of the EI theory is necessary and a section is devoted to the purpose. As an application of the EI …

Effect Of Depth-Dependent Target Strength On Biomass Estimation Of Japanese Anchovy, Hiroto Murase, Atsushi Kawabata, Hiroshi Kubota, Masayasu Nakagami, Kazuo Amakasu, Koki Abe, Kazushi Miyashita, Yoshioki Oozeki

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Effect of the depth-dependent target strength (TS) on biomass estimation of Japanese ahcovy was examined by using following four TS models: (1) TS = 20logLt-71.9, (2) TS = 20logLt-72.5, (3) TS = 20logLt-(20/3)log(1+z/10)-67.6 and (4) TS = 20logLt-(20/3)log(1+z/10)-64.7, where Lt and z represent total length (cm) and depth (m), respectively. (1) and (2) have been used in conventional fisheries resources surveys; (3) and (4) take account of depth-dependent TS. Because (1)-(3) were based on in-situ measurement, pitch angles of individuals used in the models were not known. Pitch angle is assumed 0° (±10° std) in (4). Biomass estimated by (3) …

Fish Acoustics: Physics-Based Modeling And Measurement, Davis Benjamin Reeder

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The U.S. Office of Naval Research has sponsored research in the area of marine organism acoustics for many years. The research program has included development of theoretical physics-based acoustic scattering models of single animals, high-resolution laboratory measurements of scattering by individual animals, and at-sea field experiments. The program has been focused on the backscattered signal, but has also included investigation of the forward-scattered signal. Downward-looking acoustic surveys using ship borne echosounders rely on the backscattered signal and provide non-invasive, non-destructive, rapid, high-resolution, large area survey capability compared to traditional net tows. Horizontally-oriented acoustic surveys provide the opportunity to investigate both …

Vertical Distribution Of Walleye Pollock Juveniles Before And After The Period Of Transition For Feeding In Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan, Yohei Kawauchi, Osamu Shida, Hiroya Okumura, Naoki Tojo, Hiroki Yasuma, Kazushi Miyashita

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

We examined the vertical distributions of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma juveniles for two size groups (smaller and larger than 30 mm) during the period of transition for feeding (PTF) and after this period in Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan. Samplings were conducted in May and June in 2006 and 2007, and water temperature and salinity were measured. The correlation between juvenile sizes and distributed depth was observed using net sampling. From this result, size groups were divided by depth. In addition, the distribution and abundance of juveniles were examined using acoustic data. In the PTF (May), juvenile size increased with increasing …

In Situ And Ex Situ Target Strength Measurement Of Mesopelagic Lanternfish, Diaphus Theta (Family Myctophidae), Kouichi Sawada, Kazuhisa Uchikawa, Tomohiko Matsuura, Hiroya Sugisaki, Kazuo Amakasu, Koki Abe

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Acoustic target strengths (TS) of myctophid fish Diaphus theta were measured in situ at 70 kHz off the east coast of Hokkaido by tethering an acoustic-optical system (the Japanese Quantitative Echosounder and Stereo-video Camera System or J-QUESTχ) at a depth of 150 m from a research vessel. Fish length distributions were obtained from daytime hauls taken with a frame trawl after the TS measurement. Measured average TS () and a standard length (SL) in cm gave the empirical length - average TS relationship, = 20logSL70.6, assuming that the linear TS is proportional to the square of the SL. A laboratory …

Analysis Of The Me70 Multibeam Echosounder Data In Echoview??Urrent Capability And Future Directions, Myounghee Kang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The general features of the multibeam echosounder (Simrad, ME70) are covered and trends in recent research on using the sonar systems are stated. Echoview's current capability for analyzing ME70 data is precisely described in two categories: split beam data analysis and multibeam data analysis. In particular, the visualization and analysis of school in three dimensions and school tracking are illustrated using fish school echoes observed in Bering Sea during the summer of 2008 and 2009. Future software developments in Echoview may include: high resolution bathymetric algorithms to detect reliable sea bottom, advanced school detection in three dimensions even for ambiguous …

An Alignment Approach To Identify Fish With Encoding Hydroacoustic Signal To Acoustics Alphabet Squences, Shih-Yen Ku, Hsueh-Jung Lu, Chi-Ting Tseng, Ker-Chau Li, Long-Jin Wu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

1D sequence homologous alignment tool, like FastA (FASTALL) [8] or BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) [1], has been widely used in bioinformatics field and perform elegant and fast searching for the sequences developed from the same kinds of species. In other word, it can classify through determining the homologous similarity which is not totally similar in sequences of protein sequences, structure or nucleotide sequences. An approach is proposed in this paper called AA-FAST (abbreviation for Acoustics Alphabet-FAST) which takes advantage of alignment tool and significant sequence encoding method. In this experiment, it could not only determine 4 fish species …

Rna Interference In Marine And Freshwater Sponges: Actin Knockdown In Tethya Wilhelma And Ephydatia Muelleri By Ingested Dsrna Expressing Bacteria, Ajna S. Rivera, April L. Hill, Et. Al.

Biology Faculty Publications

Background: The marine sponge Tethya wilhelma and the freshwater sponge Ephydatia muelleri are emerging model organisms to study evolution, gene regulation, development, and physiology in non-bilaterian animal systems. Thus far, functional methods (i.e., loss or gain of function) for these organisms have not been available.

Results: We show that soaking developing freshwater sponges in double-stranded RNA and/or feeding marine and freshwater sponges bacteria expressing double-stranded RNA can lead to RNA interference and reduction of targeted transcript levels. These methods, first utilized in C. elegans, have been adapted for the development and feeding style of easily cultured marine and freshwater poriferans. …

Developing Mechanisms For The Transfer And/Or Adjustment Of Rock Lobster Shares Between Sectors In Western Australia And South Australia., Chris Reid

Fisheries Management Papers

The purpose of this report has been to investigate potential reallocation mechanisms for the transfer and/or adjustment of catch shares between sectors and the requirements to allow for their implementation, with particular reference to their application in the Western and South Australian rock lobster fisheries. While the report focuses on the commercial and recreational sectors of these fisheries, potentially all non-commercial fishing sectors could be included under a given mechanism in the same manner as that outlined for the recreational sector, subject to the appropriateness of allowing the sector’s allocation to be transferable