Online Tomato Sorting Based On Shape, Maturity, Size, And Surface Defects Using Machine Vision,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Online Tomato Sorting Based On Shape, Maturity, Size, And Surface Defects Using Machine Vision, Omid Omidi Arjenaki, Parviz Ahmadi Moghaddam, Asad Moddares Motlagh
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Online sorting of tomatoes according to their features is an important postharvest procedure. The purpose of this research was to develop an efficient machine vision-based experimental sorting system for tomatoes. Relevant sorting parameters included shape (oblong and circular), size (small and large), maturity (color), and defects. The variables defining shape, maturity, and size of the tomatoes were eccentricity, average of color components, and 2-D pixel area, respectively. Tomato defects include color disorders, growth cracks, sunscald, and early blight. The sorting system involved the use of a CCD camera, a microcontroller, sensors, and a computer. Images were analyzed with an algorithm …
Ecology, Toxicity, And Hydrolytic Activities Of Bacillus Thuringiensis In Forests,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Ecology, Toxicity, And Hydrolytic Activities Of Bacillus Thuringiensis In Forests, Fouad Al-Momani, Maher Obeidat
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The investigation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in 16 forest soil samples from Ajloun, northern Jordan, involved the isolation of 23 isolates toxic to the third instar dipteran larvae of Drosophila melanogaster and 7 isolates toxic to the third instar lepidopteran larvae of Ephestia kuehniella. The highest viable count of Bt was found in Ebeen forest soils (14.24 × 10^7 CFU g^{-1}), and the lowest viable count was found in Rasoun forest soils. The lethal concentration (LC_{50}) of Bt isolates indicated a variation in their toxicity to D. melanogaster and E. kuehniella larvae, with lower LC_{50} values for D. melanogaster suggesting …
Effects Of Thinning Intensity On The Growth Of Narrow-Leaved Ash (Fraxinus Angustifolia Subsp. Oxycarpa) Plantations,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Effects Of Thinning Intensity On The Growth Of Narrow-Leaved Ash (Fraxinus Angustifolia Subsp. Oxycarpa) Plantations, Emrah Çi̇çek, Faruk Yilmaz, Ali̇ Kemal Özbayram, Mehmet Efe, Murat Yilmaz, Ayhan Usta
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) is one of the important broadleaved tree species, and it is becoming more important in European forestry because of its valuable wood and fast growing ability. Despite its wide natural range and high economic value, there is little or very limited information about the effects of thinning on the growth and development of ash stands, especially in plantations. In this study, 2 thinning experiments were carried out to determine the effects of thinning intensity on the growth of diameter, height, basal area, and volume in narrow-leaved ash plantations over a 6-year period in Adapazarı, Turkey. In …
Forest Management Issues Of The Southern United States And Comparisons With Turkey,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Forest Management Issues Of The Southern United States And Comparisons With Turkey, Pete Bettinger, Jacek Siry, Chris Cieszewski, Krista L. Merry, Hayati̇ Zengi̇n, Ahmet Yeşi̇l
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Most of the forest area in the southern United States has been cleared, regrown, purchased, and sold several times over the last 200 years, and forest management practices generally focus on wood production. Agricultural expansion, use, and the abandonment of land have been the major forces behind land use change, and now human population expansion is a major issue. The land tenure system of the United States has allowed individuals and companies to acquire, use, and sell land since the time of European colonization; thus, private ownership of land dominates the southern region. However, new private, corporate, nonindustrial entities have …
Free Vibration Of Both-Ends Clamped Wooden Beams: Is It Potentially Applicable As An In Situ Assessment Method?,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Free Vibration Of Both-Ends Clamped Wooden Beams: Is It Potentially Applicable As An In Situ Assessment Method?, Mehran Roohnia, Abdolsaber Yaghmaeipour, Yoshitaka Kubojima, Ajang Tajdini
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Considerable errors caused by shear deflection and rotary inertia in both-ends clamped flexural vibration make the modulus of elasticity hardly obtainable in flexurally excited beams with similar ending conditions. As both-ends clamped beams and columns are necessarily quality controlled in situ within the building structures, this study has attempted to identify some initial requirements for the dynamic responses of a sound both-ends clamped beam under flexural vibration. Accordingly, the dynamic responses of the both-ends clamped wooden beams in radial and tangential flexural vibration were compared to beams in a free-free condition while stepwise increasing axial compressions were applied to the …
Adhesion Properties Of Some Protective Layers Exposed To Outside Weather Conditions For Five Years,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Adhesion Properties Of Some Protective Layers Exposed To Outside Weather Conditions For Five Years, Mehmet Budakçi, Ci̇hat Taşçioğlu
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
In this study, the long-term (5-year) performances of 2 varnish systems, semitransparent alkyd-based brown stain (SABBS) and alkyd-based clear varnish (ABCV), were evaluated on preservative-treated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood. Prior to varnish application, specimens were impregnated with 2 different types of wood preservative. The experimental variables were varnish type, layer thickness, and wood preservative. ASTM D 1641 was followed for exposing wood specimens to outdoor conditions. The effects of long-term exposure on adhesion properties of applied varnish systems were tested according to ASTM D 4541. Long-term outdoor exposure resulted in 4.2% and 33.9% reductions in the adhesion properties …
Mapping Of Thermal Comfort For Outdoor Recreation Planning Using Gis: The Case Of Isparta Province (Turkey),
2013
TÜBİTAK
Mapping Of Thermal Comfort For Outdoor Recreation Planning Using Gis: The Case Of Isparta Province (Turkey), Mehmet Topay
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
This study presents a model for the physical planning process of thermal comfort (TC), which is very important for outdoor recreation planning, using thermal perception maps (TPMs). For this purpose, a TPM of Isparta Province was produced according to the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) index from climatic data of the province. To determine the TC structure of the province, climatic data were collected from 16 meteorology stations. The RayMan 1.2 program was used to obtain the monthly PET values of the stations, and the inverse distance weighted interpolation technique in geographic information system (GIS) software was used to produce monthly …
Changes In The Forage Yield And Quality Of Legume–Grass Mixtures Throughout A Vegetation Period,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Changes In The Forage Yield And Quality Of Legume–Grass Mixtures Throughout A Vegetation Period, Sebahatti̇n Albayrak, Mevlüt Türk
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The aim of the present study was to determine the changes in the forage yield and quality of binary and ternary mixtures of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leys.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) throughout a vegetation period. Plots were established in 2008 in Isparta, Turkey, in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Four cuttings were done during the 2009 and 2010 vegetative periods. The levels of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and relative feed value (RFV) were determined …
Toxicity Of Native Bacillus Thuringiensis Isolates On The Larval Stages Of Pine Processionary Moth Thaumetopoea Wilkinsoni At Different Temperatures, Semi̇h Yilmaz, Sali̇h Karabörklü, Uğur Azi̇zoğlu, Abdurrahman Ayvaz, Mi̇kai̇l Akbulut, Musa Yildiz
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams, is an important defoliating lepidopteran pest of pine trees. The aim of this study was to determine the required spore-crystal concentration of local Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) isolates, optimal ambient temperature, and larval stage to control this troublesome forest pest. The susceptibility of T. wilkinsoni larvae decreased with older stage and lower temperatures. The optimum temperature was found to be 15 °C or higher for the control of early larval stages. At the highest spore-crystal concentration (500 µg g^{-1}), the most effective isolate (SY49.1) caused 83% mortality for the second-stage larvae at 5 °C. However, …
Interactions Of Meloidogyne Incognita, Xanthomonas Campestris, And Rhizobium Sp. In The Disease Complex Of Chickpea,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Interactions Of Meloidogyne Incognita, Xanthomonas Campestris, And Rhizobium Sp. In The Disease Complex Of Chickpea, Zaki Anwar Siddiqui, Munavvar Fatima, Subha Alam
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The effects of Meloidogyne incognita, Xanthomonas campestris, and Rhizobium sp., alone or in combination, on the disease complex in chickpea were examined. Individual inoculation with M. incognita and X. campestris caused significant reductions in plant growth, while inoculation with Rhizobium sp. resulted in a significant increase in plant growth. Inoculation with M. incognita and X. campestris together caused a greater reduction in plant growth than the damage caused by each of them alone. Application of M. incognita or X. campestris prior to Rhizobium sp. caused a greater reduction in plant growth than Rhizobium sp. applied prior to M. incognita or …
Effect Of Sewage Sludge On Metal Content Of Grassland Soil And Herbage In Semiarid Lands,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Effect Of Sewage Sludge On Metal Content Of Grassland Soil And Herbage In Semiarid Lands, Ösmetullah Arvas, Bi̇lal Keski̇n, İbrahi̇m Hakki Yilmaz
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Utilization for agriculture is one of the main disposal methods for sewage sludge. Subirrigated pastures are close to settlements and under intensive usage. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of sewage sludge on subirrigated pasture soil and plant metal concentrations, and the relationship between them. Activated sewage sludge was applied to surface grassland at 25, 50, 75, and 100 t ha^{-1} year^{-1} treatments for 2 years. The concentration of all metals in topsoil (0-20 cm) increased depending on application dosages, but only Zn concentration increased in subsoil (20-40 cm) consistently. While in the second year the …
Mitigation Effects Of Glycinebetaine On Oxidative Stress And Some Key Growth Parameters Of Maize Exposed To Salt Stress,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Mitigation Effects Of Glycinebetaine On Oxidative Stress And Some Key Growth Parameters Of Maize Exposed To Salt Stress, Cengi̇z Kaya, Osman Sönmez, Sali̇h Aydemi̇r, Murat Di̇ki̇li̇taş
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of glycinebetaine (GB) on oxidative stress and some key growth parameters in maize (Zea mays L. 'DK 647 F1') grown under saline conditions. Maize seedlings were grown in pots containing perlite. The experiment was designed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 levels (0 and 100 mM) of sodium chloride (NaCl) and 2 levels (25 and 50 mM) of GB sprayed onto leaves of maize seedlings. Saline stress caused a considerable decline in total dry matter, chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), peroxidase (POD; EC. 1.11.1.7), and …
Effects Of Agronomic Practices On The Physico-Chemical Properties Of Soil Waters In Rice Culture,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Effects Of Agronomic Practices On The Physico-Chemical Properties Of Soil Waters In Rice Culture, Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz, Guilhem Bourrie, Fabienne Trolard, Jean-Claude Mouret, Pierre Henry
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Lowland rice cultivation under hydromorphic conditions is a very dynamic system due to continuous rhizospheric interactions and these interactions are largely influenced by anthropic interventions. Understanding of continuous biogeochemical changes and the effects of environmentally friendly residue management practices on this system is crucial for the sustainability of rice culture. Two rice-cultivated plots with different residue management practices-one with buried residues and the other with burnt residues-were studied by in situ monitoring of the soil solution to understand the quick changes in the dynamic medium of rice culture. In this study, 2 multiparametric probes, each consisting of measurement cells and …
Development Of A Tractor Dynamic Stability Index Calculator Utilizing Some Tractor Specifications,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Development Of A Tractor Dynamic Stability Index Calculator Utilizing Some Tractor Specifications, Iman Ahmadi
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
To examine the effects of different geometries and mass specifications of a tractor operating across irregular sloping grounds on the lateral stability of this machine, a dynamic model was developed. In the proposed model, overturn and skid instabilities were studied and the tractor stability indexes were formulated (i.e. TSI_{overturn} and TSI_{skid}). Using a modified Excel spreadsheet package employing the parameters of the model, the TSIs were then determined. Finally, the effects of variation in the parameters of the model on TSIs were evaluated. The results of the analyses indicate that changing the tractor mass moment of inertias about the x- …
Effect Of Geographical Variation On The Sugar Composition Of The Oriental Beech (Fagus Orientalis Lipsky),
2013
TÜBİTAK
Effect Of Geographical Variation On The Sugar Composition Of The Oriental Beech (Fagus Orientalis Lipsky), Deni̇z Güney, Zehra Duygu Bak, Fatma Aydinoğlu, İbrahi̇m Turna, Fai̇k Ahmet Ayaz
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Geographical variation in soluble sugar concentrations in seeds from oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) trees of different origins in Turkey was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. The results demonstrated that the most significant soluble sugars, in order of importance, were sucrose, glucose, and fructose. All free sugars varied significantly (P < 0.05) within and among populations. In general, both total and soluble sugar levels tended to be higher in northern populations compared to southern ones. Cluster and discriminant analyses divided seed sources into 3 distinct groups corresponding to a north, south, and west division of oriental beech populations.
Effects Of Adding Crown Variables In Stem Taper And Volume Predictions For Black Pine,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Effects Of Adding Crown Variables In Stem Taper And Volume Predictions For Black Pine, Ramazan Özçeli̇k, Cafer Bal
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Crown characteristics are an important component of growth and yield models. The stem form of a tree depends to a large extent on the tree crown dimensions. However, there is no unified agreement on whether crown variables (crown ratio and crown length) should be incorporated into taper models for accurate predictions of diameter and volume. The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of improvement that the incorporation of crown variables into taper equations for black pine (Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) gives to diameter and stem volume predictions. Linear and nonlinear crown variable functions were …
The Effects Of Heartwood And Sapwood On Kraft Pulp Properties Of Pinus Nigra J.F.Arnold And Abies Bornmuelleriana Mattf.,
2013
TÜBİTAK
The Effects Of Heartwood And Sapwood On Kraft Pulp Properties Of Pinus Nigra J.F.Arnold And Abies Bornmuelleriana Mattf., Yasi̇n Ataç, Hüdaverdi̇ Eroğlu
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The effects of heartwood and sapwood on kraft pulp properties of Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold. and Abies bornmuelleriana Mattf. were investigated. The differences in terms of chemical composition and fiber properties between the heartwood and sapwood of these species were also examined. Heartwood had more holocellulose and extractive compared to sapwood. Moreover, heartwood fiber length was shorter than that of sapwood. Kraft cookings of heartwood and sapwood each species were separately done under fixed cooking conditions. The results indicated that heartwood pulp had lower pulp viscosity and total pulp yield than sapwood did. The tear index of sapwood unbeaten and beaten …
Control Of Lodging And Reduction In Plant Length In Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) With The Treatment Of Trinexapac-Ethyl And Sowing Density, Rasi̇m Ünan, İsmai̇l Sezer, Mevlüt Şahi̇n, Luis A. J. Mur
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
In this study, the effects of the plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl (TE) combined with different sowing densities on field-grown rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant length, lodging, and grain yield were evaluated over 2 growing seasons. Two different rice cultivars (Karadeniz and Osmancik-97), 3 different sowing densities (400, 500, and 600 seeds m^{-2}), and 4 different doses of TE (0, 100, 200, and 300 g ai ha^{-1}) were compared. The experiments were designed in a randomized block design in factorial ordering with 3 replicates. An increase in sowing density led to an increase of lodging, but it did not have a …
The Effect Of Mesotrione Applied With Adjuvants On Weed Control Efficacy And Forage Sorghum Tolerance,
2013
TÜBİTAK
The Effect Of Mesotrione Applied With Adjuvants On Weed Control Efficacy And Forage Sorghum Tolerance, Robert Idziak, Witold Skrzypczak, Hubert Waligóra, Zenon Woznica
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Field experiments were conducted over 2 years to determine the influence of timing, rate, and method of application of mesotrione on weed control, forage sorghum injury, and fresh weight biomass. Sucrosorgo 506 sorghum was treated with 120 and 80 g ha^{-1} of mesotrione with petroleum oil (PO) or methylated seed oil (MSO) plus 28% N urea-ammonium nitrate liquid fertilizer (UAN). Mesotrione was applied once between the 4- and 6-leaf stages of sorghum or split and applied between the 2- and 3-leaf and the 6- and 7-leaf stages in 2 equal applications, with or without adjuvants. Mesotrione at 120 g ha^{-1} …
Effects Of Mulch Practices On Fresh Ear Yield And Yield Components Of Sweet Corn,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Effects Of Mulch Practices On Fresh Ear Yield And Yield Components Of Sweet Corn, Burhan Kara, Beki̇r Atar
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The experiment was carried out in the vegetation seasons of 2010 and 2011. The main purpose of the study was to determine the effects of mulch practices (a control-unmulched treatment, a plastic mulch treatment, and a straw mulch treatment) on fresh ear yield and some yield-related traits of sweet corn according to 3 sowing dates: 1 April, 15 April, and 1 May, respectively. The main effects of sowing dates were significant for the harvest period, the emerging rate from soil, the fresh ear yield per hectare, and the yield components of the sweet corn. The emergence rate of sweet corn …
