An Efficient Multiplex Pcr Assay For Early Detection Of Agrobacterium Tumefaciens In Transgenic Plant Materials,
2013
TÜBİTAK
An Efficient Multiplex Pcr Assay For Early Detection Of Agrobacterium Tumefaciens In Transgenic Plant Materials, Li Yang, Changchun Wang, Lihuan Wang, Changjie Xu, Kunsong Chen
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR) is a variant of conventional PCR in which 2 or more target sequences are amplified by more than 1 pair of primers in a single reaction mixture. In this study, an efficient MPCR assay was established and optimized for the quick detection of Agrobacterium-derived plant transformants. The neomycin phosphotransferase II gene fragment (nptII; target gene) and the chromosomal virulence gene ChvA fragment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (external reference gene) were amplified simultaneously with 2 pairs of corresponding primers. The MPCR results showed that 9 out of 10 kanamycin-resistant lines tested were transformed with the foreign …
Selection Of Potential Autochthonous Starter Cultures From Shalgam, A Traditional Turkish Lactic Acid-Fermented Beverage,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Selection Of Potential Autochthonous Starter Cultures From Shalgam, A Traditional Turkish Lactic Acid-Fermented Beverage, Hasan Tangüler, Hüseyi̇n Erten
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The present study was done to select the potential autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for the production of shalgam, which is a traditional Turkish lactic acid-fermented beverage. Eighteen LAB belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Pediococcus, and Leuconostoc isolated previously from shalgam samples produced in the university laboratory and by small- and large-scale producers in industry were used. Pasteurized black carrot juice was inoculated individually with these selected LAB strains and fermented for 10 days. The strains of Lb. plantarum gave the highest numbers during fermentations with a range of 9.40-9.16 log cfu mL^{-1}. Lb. plantarum^{bx} produced the highest total …
Support Vector Machines In Wood Identification: The Case Of Three Salix Species From Turkey,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Support Vector Machines In Wood Identification: The Case Of Three Salix Species From Turkey, Kemal Turhan, Bedri̇ Serdar
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The aim of this study was to use a support vector machine (SVM) for the first time as a predictive method for differentiating species of Salix wood through the biometric analysis of their anatomy using wood taken from basal disks of 3 species. The purpose of a SVM is to construct optimal decision boundaries among classes in a decision plane. A decision plane separates a set of objects having different class memberships. In this study, the decision plane has 3 different wood species. Timely and accurate identification of tree species can be crucial in forestry. The similarity of structures in …
Effects Of Winter Green Manuring On Organic Cucumber Production In Unheated Greenhouse Conditions,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Effects Of Winter Green Manuring On Organic Cucumber Production In Unheated Greenhouse Conditions, Yüksel Tüzel, Hale Duyar, Gölgen Bahar Özteki̇n, Özlem Kiliç, Di̇lek Anaç, Ni̇lgün Madanlar, Zeynep Yoldaş
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The effects of winter green manure crops on organic cucumber production were determined in unheated greenhouse conditions in order to integrate soil building and conservation practices, which are critically important in greenhouse production without crop rotation. The study was conducted between 2006 and 2008 to compare (1) pea (Pisum sativum L.), (2) Italian rye-grass (Lolium multiflorum L.), and (3) common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) as winter green manure plants. These treatments were compared with a control without green manuring (4). All of the plots were divided into halves, and poultry manure was applied as 0 (-PM) and 0.75 kg m^{-2} …
Interactive Effects Of Seed Size And Drought Stress On Growth And Allocation Of Quercus Brantii Lindl. Seedlings From Two Provenances, Roghayeh Zolfaghari, Payam Fayyaz, Mona Nazari, Fernando Valladares
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Quercus brantii is an important tree species in Zagros forests. Summer drought imposes severe limitations in Q. brantii forests, making reforestation with this species in general very difficult. This is further complicated by the limited ecophysiological information for this species. To improve our understanding of factors affecting the drought tolerance of Q. brantii at early critical life stages, we explored the influence of seed size and provenance on growth and survival of Q. brantii seedlings under drought. As expected, drought reduced growth and survival and increased the root-to-shoot ratio, with larger acorns rendering more vigorous growth than small ones. There …
Withdrawal Force Capacity Of Mortise And Loose Tenon T-Type Furniture Joints,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Withdrawal Force Capacity Of Mortise And Loose Tenon T-Type Furniture Joints, Mohammad Derikvand, Jerzy Smardzewski, Ghanbar Ebrahimi, Mosayeb Dalvand, Sadegh Maleki
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The main goal of this study was to determine the effect of wood species and loose tenon length on the withdrawal force capacity of mortise and loose tenon (M<) T-type furniture joints. The specimens were manufactured from oak (Quercus alba), beech (Fagus orientalis L.), poplar (Populus deltoides), sycamore (Platanus orientalis), fir (Abies alba), and white walnut (Juglans cinerea), and the tenon species selected was oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.). The length of the tenon was determined on the basis of the length glued into the horizontal member of the joint. The lengths in the present study were 10, 20, and …
The Determination Of Indicator Plant Species For Steppe Rangelands Of Nevşehir Province In Turkey,
2013
TÜBİTAK
The Determination Of Indicator Plant Species For Steppe Rangelands Of Nevşehir Province In Turkey, Sabahaddi̇n Ünal, Zi̇ya Mutlu, Özteki̇n Urla, Bi̇lal Şahi̇n, Ali̇ Koç
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Monitoring and interpretation of the changes to the vegetation of rangelands are key functions for ecological models and sustainable management. Field work was well organized to generally represent the rangelands in the province of Nevşehir, in Central Anatolia, Turkey, in the year 2008. A modified wheel-point method with a loop was used to detect the basal cover of species of vegetation. There were 185 species in 31 sample sites throughout Nevşehir Province. Ordination analysis was performed with the Integrated System for Plant Dynamics software package, which includes detrended correspondence analysis and sample-centered principal components analysis. A gradient analysis showed that …
Role Of Foliar Feeding Of Micronutrients In Yield Maximization Of Cotton In Punjab,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Role Of Foliar Feeding Of Micronutrients In Yield Maximization Of Cotton In Punjab, Muhammad Yaseen, Wazir Ahmed, Muhammad Shahbaz
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Deficiency of micronutrients, particularly of zinc, boron, and iron, in calcareous soils is of great concern. Results indicate a reduction in yield of seed-cotton due to an imbalance of nutrients, particularly micronutrients, on calcareous soils in the last decade. About 90% of Pakistani soils are deficient in micronutrients, particularly zinc, boron, and iron. This paper highlights efforts to overcome these deficiencies in cotton through foliar feeding of micronutrients. The results of this study indicated a marked improvement in seed-cotton yield with foliar application of a spray containing Zn, B, Mn, Cu, and Fe on cotton crops grown on calcareous soils …
Phytochemical Characteristics Of Grafted Watermelon On Different Bottle Gourds (Lagenaria Siceraria) Collected From Mediterranean Region Of Turkey, Eli̇f Çandir, Hali̇t Yeti̇şi̇r, Fati̇h Karaca, Durmuş Üstün
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The objective of this study is to determine the sugar, organic acid, and carotenoid content of Crimson Tide watermelons grafted onto bottle gourd genotypes collected from the Mediterranean region of Turkey. The experiment was carried out during the 2008 and 2009 growing season. Grafting on the local bottle gourd rootstocks improved the total soluble solid (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), TSS/TA ratio, sugar, organic acid, and carotenoid (beta-carotene and lycopene) contents of Crimson Tide fruits. Grafting also altered the ratios among the sugars of Crimson Tide watermelon fruits. Among the Crimson Tide/rootstock (CT/rootstock) combinations, the CT/09-01 and CT/07-06 graft combinations with …
Pcr Detection Of Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Radicis-Lycopersici And Races Of F. Oxysporum F. Sp. Lycopersici Of Tomato In Protected Tomato-Growing Areas Of The Eastern Mediterranean Region Of Turkey, Ayşegül Çolak, Mehmet Bi̇çi̇ci̇
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Fusarium crown and root rot (caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, FORL) and Fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, FOL) are the most important diseases to affect tomatoes in protected growing conditions in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. These diseases cause significant yield losses in this region. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies were used to characterize 87 isolates from Adana and Mersin provinces, representative of different locations. Among them, 60% and 40% of the plants were determined to have FORL and FOL, respectively. FORL and FOL race 3 are the dominant pathogens in this region. …
Assessment Of Community Level Physiological Profiles And Molecular Diversity Of Soil Bacteria Under Different Cropping Systems,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Assessment Of Community Level Physiological Profiles And Molecular Diversity Of Soil Bacteria Under Different Cropping Systems, Biswapriya Das, Kalyan Chakrabarti
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Community level physiological profiles (CLPP) and molecular diversity of bacteria in soil under rice–rice (RR), rice-fallow (RF), rice-wheat (RW), legume (LG), mango orchard (MO), and grass land (GL) cropping systems occurring in South West Bengal, India (22^°22'N latitude and 86^°26^'E longitude) were studied. The soils were mostly acidic (pH 5.4 to 6.85). The GL soil recorded the highest organic carbon (20.23 g kg^{-1}) and total nitrogen (1.96 g kg^{-1}). The RF soil was the most acidic and had the poorest nutrient contents. The CLPP, as studied by carbon source utilization in BIOLOG Ecoplates, revealed that the bacteria in soils under …
Site Index Conversion Equations For Mixed Stands Of Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.) And Oriental Beech (Fagus Orientalis Lipsky) In The Black Sea Region, Turkey, Aydin Kahri̇man, Hakki Yavuz, İlker Ercanli
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The site index conversion equations are important for estimating the site index of one tree species from the site index of another tree species in mixed stands. In this study, data were obtained from 162 sample plots in mixed stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) from the Black Sea Region in the north of Turkey. The breast height ages and height of the site trees were measured and the site index was estimated by these data. Geometric linear regression was used to estimate the parameters of a linear model relating to site indices …
Physicochemical And Rheological Characteristics Of Alcohol Free Probiotic Boza Produced Using Lactobacillus Casei Shirota: Estimation Of Apparent Viscosity Of Boza Using Non-Linear Modeling Techniques, İsmet Öztürk, Safa Karaman, Fati̇h Törnük, Osman Sağdiç
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The effects of fermentation with 2 different starter culture mixtures composed of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on some physicochemical, microbiological, sensorial, and rheological characteristics of boza, a traditional fermented Turkish beverage, during storage for 10 days at 8 ^°C were investigated. Lb. casei Shirota adapted in boza well and provided the boza with a probiotic property. At the beginning of storage, the Lb. casei Shirota count of boza was 6.83 log cfu mL^{-1}, while total LAB counts were 8.01 and 8.11 log cfu mL-1 for S1 and S2 samples, respectively. A decrease in pH values was observed when the counts …
Intercepted Rainfall In Abies Fabri Forest With Different-Aged Stands In Southwestern China,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Intercepted Rainfall In Abies Fabri Forest With Different-Aged Stands In Southwestern China, Xiangyang Sun, Genxu Wang, Yun Lin, Linan Liu, Yang Gao
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Interception is one of the most important hydrological processes. Most investigations merely focus on canopy interception, but forest floor interception should also be considered. The stand age also influences interception. To explore the interception characteristics of Abies fabri with different stand ages, canopy, stem, and forest floor, interceptions were evaluated during the rainy season of 2009 (from May to October 2009). The total interception rates were found to be 28.8%, 25.5%, and 31.3% for young, middle-aged, and mature forest stands, respectively. Forest floor interception accounted for 19.1%, 18.1%, and 10.0% of the total interception, respectively. We concluded that the differences …
Effects Of Posttreatment With Alkaline Copper Quat And Copper Azole On The Mechanical Properties Of Wood-Based Composites,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Effects Of Posttreatment With Alkaline Copper Quat And Copper Azole On The Mechanical Properties Of Wood-Based Composites, Ci̇hat Taşçioğlu
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The static bending strengths, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity of 5 commercial wood-based composites [softwood plywood (SWP), hardwood plywood (HWP), medium density fiber-board (MDF), oriented strand board (OSB), and particleboard (PB)] were measured after a postmanufacture treatment of vacuum-impregnation with alkaline copper quat (ACQ) and copper azole (CA) (target retentions: 0.65, 1.30, and 2.60 kg^{ m-3} for ACQ; 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 kg ^{m-3} for CA). Of the composites tested, SWP exceptionally sustained no damage to its bending strengths, regardless of preservative types and retentions. Others (HWP, MDF, OSB, and PB) were necessarily affected to some degree by …
The Efficacy Of Crude Aqueous Extracts Of Some Plants As Grain Protectants Against The Stored Grain Mite, Rhizoglyphus Tritici,
2013
TÜBİTAK
The Efficacy Of Crude Aqueous Extracts Of Some Plants As Grain Protectants Against The Stored Grain Mite, Rhizoglyphus Tritici, Muhammad Bashir, Muhammad Dildar Gogi, Muhammad Ashfaq, Dr. Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Ahsan Khan, Muhammad Ihsan
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Mites are one of the most notorious and destructive pests affecting stored grains, contaminating stored grain with toxins and reducing germination rates. Applying synthetic miticides is the sole method for providing knockdown control of mites; however, the continuous application of miticides results in the contamination of grain with highly persistent toxic residues, which pose a health hazard to humans. The present research evaluates the efficacy of crude aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica, Melia azedarach, Eucalyptus sp., Datura stramonium, and Citrullus colocynthis under laboratory conditions at 5 concentrations (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%) and 4 exposure periods (7, 14, 21, …
Utilization Of Color Parameters To Estimate Moisture Content And Nutrient Levels Of Peanut Leaves,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Utilization Of Color Parameters To Estimate Moisture Content And Nutrient Levels Of Peanut Leaves, Muharrem Keski̇n, Sema Karanlik, Serap Görücü Keski̇n, Yurtsever Soysal
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Leaf nutrient levels are traditionally quantified by laboratory chemical analysis, which is time-consuming and requires intensive labor and investment. The objective of this study was to predict the moisture content (MC) and nutrient content of peanut leaves from color parameters (CIE Lab) using a chromameter. This method is faster and requires less labor and investment compared to laboratory chemical analysis. Fifty peanut leaf samples were collected from a commercial peanut field. The samples were analyzed for MC, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu concentrations after color parameters were acquired by chromameter. A positive and high correlation …
Is Quercus Virgiliana A Distinct Morphological And Genetic Entity Among European White Oaks?,
2013
TÜBİTAK
Is Quercus Virgiliana A Distinct Morphological And Genetic Entity Among European White Oaks?, Cristian Mihai Enescu, Alexandru Lucian Curtu, Neculae Şofletea
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The existence of Quercus virgiliana Ten. is a subject of debate among botanists and silviculturists. It was considered a distinct species, sometimes as an intraspecific taxonomic unit of Q. pubescens L., or was not even recognized as a taxon or infrataxon. This disagreement with regard to the taxonomic classification is explained by the morphological similarities between Q. virgiliana and Q. pubescens, with a small overlap between particular leaf and fruit traits. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the macromorphological fruit and leaf descriptors in Romanian populations of pubescent oaks. We wanted to find which traits discriminate between …
Yield Gap Analysis—Rationale, Methods And Applications—Introduction To The Special Issue,
2013
Wageningen University
Yield Gap Analysis—Rationale, Methods And Applications—Introduction To The Special Issue, M.K. Van Ittersum, Kenneth Cassman
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Yield gap analysis is an increasingly popular concept. It is a powerful method to reveal and understand the biophysical opportunities to meet the projected increase in demand for agricultural products towards 2050, and to support decision making on research, policies, development and investment that is needed. This Special Issue presents the state-of-the-art about concepts, methods and applications of yield gap analysis. The methodological papers emphasize the need for agronomically sound and relevant analyses, from local to global scales. The fourteen papers provide examples of applications to different crops, climate zones and production conditions, at various spatial extents and with different …
Distinguishing Between Yield Advances And Yield
Plateaus In Historical Crop Production Trends,
2013
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Distinguishing Between Yield Advances And Yield Plateaus In Historical Crop Production Trends, Patricio Grassini, Kent M. Eskridge, Kenneth Cassman
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Food security and land required for food production largely depend on rate of yield gain of major cereal crops. Previous projections of food security are often more optimistic than what historical yield trends would support. Many econometric projections of future food production assume compound rates of yield gain, which are not consistent with historical yield trends. Here we provide a framework to characterize past yield trends and show that linear trajectories adequately describe past yield trends, which means the relative rate of gain decreases over time. Furthermore, there is evidence of yield plateaus or abrupt decreases in rate of yield …
