Nutritional Epidemiology Commons^™

Diet Quality As Assessed By The Healthy Eating Index-2020 Among Individuals Diagnosed With And Without Type 2 Diabetes, Minghao Zhou, Hairui Yu, Renee Underwood, Hongning Cai, Tung Sung Tseng, Susu Luo

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

Background: Dietary management is key to preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, few studies have examined differences in Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020) scores and components among individuals with and without diagnosed T2DM. This study aimed to assess gender differences in HEI-2020 scores and its 13 components by T2DM status. Methods: Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2011 to 2018, this cross-sectional study analyzed 19,464 adults. Diagnosed T2DM was identified via self-report or diabetes medication use. Diet quality was assessed using the HEI-2020, scored from 0 to 100, with a higher HEI score indicates …

The Role Of Local Protein Sources In Nutritious And Balanced Complementary Feeding For The Prevention Of Stunting In Infants Aged 6-24 Months, Kysara Aureldy Davonso Matualage, Leonardo Tedjaprasadja, Chy'as Diuranil Astrid Permataputri

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Stunting remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, with prevalence rates still above national targets. The complementary feeding period (6–24 months) is a critical window for prevention, during which inadequate protein intake significantly contributes to impaired linear growth. Local animal protein sources offer an accessible and sustainable strategy to improve dietary quality. This study aims to review scientific evidence on the role of local animal protein sources in nutritionally balanced complementary feeding for the prevention of stunting in Indonesian infants aged 6–24 months. A literature review was conducted by systematically searching scientific databases for studies published between 2020 and …

Development And Nutritional Evaluation Of Plantain–Soy Composite Flour Blends As Complementary Foods For The Management Of Protein-Energy Malnutrition, Jelili A. Quadri Dr., Azeesat O. Adebiyi-Olabode Dr, Anifat B. Saka Mrs., Debbie M. Esekhade Miss

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) continues to be a critical problem in public health, especially in developing nations where sources of affordable nutrient-dense foods are unavailable. Plantain is one of the staple foods rich in carbohydrates but deficient in protein, while soybeans are protein-rich legumes. A blend of these local foods in composite flour will increase the nutritional value of plantain-based foods without compromising their sensory properties. The objective of this study was to formulate plantain-soy composite flour blends at various substitution rates and determine their composition and sensory characteristics. Unripe plantain and soybean were milled into flour and mixed in …

Factors Associated With The Incidence Of Hypertension In Young Adults (20–24 Years) In Central Kalimantan Province (Analysis Of Ski 2023 Data), Indira Paramesti, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika, Diah Mulyawati Utari, Kusharisupeni Joko Suyono

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Hypertension has been identified as a major public health problem leading to premature death and contributing to the development of various non-communicable diseases. In recent years, it has occurred not only among older populations but also among young adults. Hypertension at a young age can result in earlier organ damage, leading to a more rapid decline in quality of life and productivity. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with the incidence of hypertension among young adults aged 20–24 years in Central Kalimantan Province in 2023. A cross-sectional design was employed, utilizing secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian …

A Comparison Of Iron-Folic Acid Supplement Consumption Among Female Undergraduate Students In Health And Non-Health Majors At The University Of Indonesia In 2026, Naila Afifah, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika, Triyanti Triyanti, Deasy Martini

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Iron-Folic Acid Tablets (IFAT) are recommended to prevent anemia among adolescent girls and women of reproductive age. However, IFAT consumption remains a concern among female college students, with previous research reporting differences in non-adherence between female health and non-health students at the University of Jember. This study aimed to analyze IFAT consumption behavior and its associations with residential status, attitudes, mother’s education, IFAT side effects, IFAT accessibility, media, family support, peer support, and healthcare provider support among female undergraduate students in health and non-health majors at the University of Indonesia in 2026. A cross-sectional study with purposive sampling was conducted …

Association Of Chrononutrition Behaviors And Other Factors With Nutritional Status Among Dormitory Students Of Universitas Indonesia In 2026, Hana Maulani Putra, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika, Trini Sudiarti, Fathimah Sulistyowati Sigit

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Overweight and obesity remain major public health concerns in Indonesia and may be influenced by various factors, including chrononutrition behaviors related to meal timing and eating frequency, snacking habits, physical activity, sleep patterns, stress levels, ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption, allowance, and sex. Students living in dormitories may experience lifestyle changes associated with greater independence, which can affect their nutritional status. This study aimed to analyze the association between chrononutrition behaviors and other factors with the nutritional status of dormitory students at Universitas Indonesia in 2026. This cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2026. Participants were recruited using purposive …

Dominant Factors Associated With The Risk Of Chronic Energy Deficiency (Ced) Among Pregnant Women In East Nusa Tenggara Province (Analysis Ski Data 2023), Keisa Dwinta Mailova, Triyanti Triyanti, Tria Astika Endah Permatasari

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) is a long-term condition of energy deficiency resulting from inadequate nutrient intake. CED in pregnant women has negative effects on both maternal and fetal health. East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) Province is one of the regions with the highest prevalence of CED among pregnant women in Indonesia, with national data from 2023 showing a prevalence rate of 28%. This study aims to identify the dominant factors associated with the risk of CED in pregnant women in NTT. The study design is cross-sectional, utilizing secondary data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI), involving a sample of 215 …

Millets As A Preventive Dietary Intervention For India’S Nutrition Transition: A Narrative Review Of Glycaemic And Micronutrient Evidence, Kundan Kaushal, Manisha Upadhyay, Shambhu Nath Dubey, Indrajeet Kumar Jha

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

India’s nutrition profile reflects a nutrition transition rather than a single narrative: a rapidly escalating burden of diet-related non-communicable disease, including an estimated 101 million people with diabetes, coexists with a severe and worsening burden of micronutrient deficiency, with anaemia affecting 57% of women and 67.1% of children. This narrative review examines millets, small-seeded cereals historically marginalised in Indian diets in favour of rice and wheat, as a preventive dietary intervention with plausible relevance to both ends of this transition. Evidence was drawn from peer-reviewed systematic reviews and meta-analyses, national survey data and documented delivery interventions, identified through searches of …

Evaluating Variety- And Market-Class-Specific Effects Of Dietary Pulses On Human Health, Jiayu Tang

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

While pulses are globally recognized for their high levels of dietary fibers, protein, and polyphenols, research often focuses on characterizing the physiological effects of a single variety. This approach overlooks the substantial genetic and compositional diversity that exists across pulse varieties and individual market classes, which can differ extensively in nutrient content and structure. These compositional differences have the potential to produce distinct physiological and microbial responses in humans, yet variety- and market-class-specific effects remain poorly characterized.

This thesis uses two complementary research methodologies to investigate the health-relevant effects of different pulse varieties and market classes, providing foundational knowledge to …

Food Fortification Strategies To Address Micronutrient Deficiencies In Cambodia: A Scoping Review Of Policy Implementation, Industry Capacity, And Public Health Outcomes, Sokha Yem, Sreypeov Tun, Sokunthea Kem

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Background: Micronutrient deficiencies remain a major public health challenge in Cambodia, with iron deficiency anaemia, iodine deficiency disorders, zinc deficiency, and vitamin A deficiency disproportionately affecting women of reproductive age and children under five. Food fortification—the deliberate addition of essential micronutrients to commonly consumed foods—has been widely recognised as a cost-effective population-level intervention to address nutritional gaps. Objective: To systematically map and synthesise existing evidence on food fortification strategies in Cambodia, focusing on policy implementation, industry production capacity and compliance, regulatory enforcement, and public health outcomes. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework and …

The Effect Of Education Using The Lecture Method And Puzzle Games On The Level Of Knowledge And Attitude Toward Balanced Nutrition Among Students Of Sdn Pakintelan 01 In Gunung Pati District, Semarang City, Erlin Nurlina, Syifa Qolbiyah Nasir

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Fulfilled nutritional needs play an important role at school age. The beginning of nutritional problems occurs due to knowledge factors, so it is necessary to implement efforts to provide information about balanced nutrition. Nutrition education research using lecture and puzzle game methods was conducted at SDN Pakintelan 01 aimed at determining changes in the level of knowledge and attitudes of students regarding balanced nutrition. The type of research is Quasy Experiment and uses a pretest-post test design with control group design. The sampling technique uses stratified random sampling. The number of samples of the control group given education (lecture method) …

Fiber Content, Total Sugar, And Glycemic Index Of Jackfruit Seed And Pigeon Pea Flour Snack Bar, Dhiyaa Septi Kirana, Tesa Rafkhani

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Indonesia is the 7th leading cause of death. Diets high in sugar and glycemic index, and low in fiber are known to trigger hyperglycemia. Snack bars high in fiber and low in glycemic index are known to reduce blood glucose levels. This research aims to determine a snack bar formulation made from jackfruit seed and pigeon pea flour and analyze fiber content, total sugar, and glycemic index value. This study used a completely randomized design analyzing three different proportions of jackfruit seed and pigeon pea flour, namely F1 (30%:70%), F2 (40%:60%), and F3 (50%:50%) with two …

The Relationship Between Consumption Frequency And Energy Intake Of Ultra-Processed Food And Obesity Based On Body Fat Percentage Among Fph Ui Students In 2025, Sarah Keisya Budiargo, Triyanti Triyanti, Asih Setiarini, Dieta Nurrika

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Obesity is the accumulation of excessive body fat and increases the risk of various non-communicable diseases. Obesity prevalence among FPH UI students based on health examination data in 2022-2024 has reached 13.6%, exceeding the public health concern threshold and requiring more accurate measurement than Body Mass Index. This study aimed to determine the relationship between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption frequency and energy intake with obesity incidence based on body fat percentage among 147 FPH UI students in 2025. This cross-sectional study utilized the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) based on NOVA classification to assess UPF intake. Body fat percentage was …

The Relationship Between Obesity Among Children And Adolescents With Dietary Intake And Physical Activity: A Scoping Review, Devi Dwi Yolani, Tania Okta Wardhani, Rani Aqilah Ni’Matul Maula, Almira Sitasari, Tri Siswati

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Childhood and adolescent obesity remain a significant public health issue worldwide. This review summarizes research on the relationship among obesity, physical activity, and diet. This study aims to investigate the relationship between children's and adolescents' obesity, their physical activity levels, and diet. A scoping review was conducted by assessing 81 research journal articles from 2014 to 2023 from electronic databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed. The search strategy used Boolean operators as follows: (“child*” OR “adolescent”) AND (“obesity”) AND (“diet” OR “food intake”) AND (“physical activity”), selected based on the inclusion criteria of children and adolescents aged 1-18 years …

Integrating Nutrition Education To Improve The Effectiveness And Sustainability Of Makan Bergizi Gratis Programs, Akifa Laila Rusyda, Dewi Firda Sari, Ida Fransiska Pandiangan, Putri Mulifajar Gintings

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

The Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) program represents Indonesia's strategic effort to strengthen human capital by addressing malnutrition among school-aged. However, evidence suggests that school feeding alone is insufficient without structured nutrition education to promote sustained behavioral change. The present study examines opportunities and feasibility for embedding nutrition education within MBG implementation. Two-stage design was performed, including curriculum content reviews and qualitative case study design. A systematic curriculum content analysis was conducted across the school-based curriculum (KTSP) (2006), K-13 curriculum (2013 – 2017), and the Merdeka curriculum (2022 - present), using predefined nutrition competencies and behavioral domains as analytical frameworks. Purposive …

The Effects Of Ultra-Processed Food Consumption On Cancer Development, Bailey G. Ottmann

Emerging Writers

The dramatic rise in ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption worldwide has sparked growing concerns about its impact on cancer development and human health. UPFs contain high levels of added sugars, unhealthy fats, chemical additives, dyes, and toxic compounds formed during cooking and processing. This study investigates the relationship between UPF consumption and cancer through a review of primary and secondary sources, alongside an observational survey conducted among 15 healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, and nursing educators. Survey findings indicate that 53% of participants observed higher cancer prevalence in patients consuming large amounts of UPFs, with colorectal cancer most frequently reported. The …

Associations Between Nutrition-Related Chronic Disease And Food Insecurity: Data From The California State University, Elizabeth Ochoa

Master's Theses

Food insecurity is a growing public health concern consistently associated with elevated rates of nutrition-related chronic disease (NRCD) across the general population. Despite young adulthood being a critical window for dietary pattern formation, this relationship remains minimally explored among college students. This thesis examined associations between food insecurity and NRCD diagnosis, including hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease, among undergraduate students across the California State University (CSU) system. Cross-sectional data were drawn from the Spring 2021 CSU National College Health Assessment, administered across all 23 campuses. After exclusions, the analytical sample comprised 13,762 students. Bivariate analyses assessed relationships between key …

Assessing The Effectiveness Of A Habit Recording Tool To Improve Mental Health Of University (Auc) Students, Noran Nounou

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: According to previous research, the mental health of university students has become an alarming public health concern worldwide. Most of the mental disorders begin among young adults, attributed to the transition to university and increased financial and societal pressure. Despite the important effect of daily habits on mental health, there still remain research gaps in Egypt in exploring their effect among university students and exploring the potential opportunities to support their well-being. Objectives: To assess depression rates among AUC students and to evaluate the effectiveness of a newly designed habit recording board, Make an Impact (MAI) to improve depression …

Biological Dental Hygiene: Principles, Educational Pathways, And Clinical Practice Considerations, Tara Newcomb

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

Dental hygiene practice is rapidly evolving in response to emerging evidence on the oral–systemic health connection, advances in preventive technologies, and increased emphasis on individualized, minimally invasive care. A commitment to lifelong learning and continuing professional development is essential for maintaining clinical competence and integrating new scientific knowledge into practice. Biological dental hygiene has emerged as a complementary framework that emphasizes whole-body health, biocompatibility, reduction of toxic exposures, and prevention-centered care. This approach expands traditional dental hygiene practice by incorporating enhanced risk assessment, salivary diagnostics, targeted preventive strategies, as well as patient education focused on nutrition, inflammation reduction, and systemic …

Microplastics, Nanoplastics, And Obesity: Current Evidence And Biological Mechanisms, Maram Albandak, Sanam Rabeeah, Ahmad Mahdi Zahidi, David A. Johnson

Department of Medicine Faculty Publications

Obesity is a rapidly growing global health concern. The pathogenesis is complex and cannot be fully explained by lifestyle factors alone. The increasing attention towards this concern has finally been directed towards environmental contributors which may influence metabolic regulation. Microplastics and nano-plastics (MNPs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that have recently been detected in food, drinking water, air, and human biological samples, raising concerns about their potential role in metabolic disorders, including obesity. Chronic exposure to MNPs may interfere with metabolic homeostasis through multiple biological pathways. Emerging evidence, including both experimental and animal studies, reports alterations in lipid metabolism, body weight, …