Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

How Does Original And Disruptive Innovation Lead Modern Industrial System: Insights From Revolutionary Frontier Of Next-Generation Chip Manufacturing Technology, Jiang Yu, Yue Guo, Shiguang Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Original and disruptive innovation is the foundation for tackling key technological challenges and nurturing the development of new forms of productive forces. The breakthrough of FinFET (Fin field-effect transistor) technology, a frontier manufacturing process for chips, represents a typical example of original and disruptive innovation. This breakthrough extended Moore’s Law, catalyzed the transition of semiconductor manufacturing from 2D to 3D structures, and significantly advanced the global high-tech industry, positioning it at the core of international technological competition. This study reviews the breakthrough journey of FinFET technology, specifically focusing on its development stages from “scientific discovery—formation of new technological pathways—systematization of …

Beyond Innovation Paradox: Practices And Reflections On Promoting High-Quality Development Of Commercial Aerospace With Low Costs, Chao Zhang, Qianshu Shi, Binbin Meng, Quan Cheng, Jun Zhao, Weitao Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Commercial spaceflight, as a national strategic emerging industry, is critical for seizing the high ground of the space economy and fostering new quality productive forces through its low-cost and high-quality development. Currently, international enterprises represented by SpaceX have gained a leading advantage through technological breakthroughs and business model innovations, posing severe challenges to China’s aerospace security and development. This study first analyzes the evolutionary trajectory of low-cost development in commercial spaceflight, then delves into the “low-cost vs. high-quality” innovation paradox faced by the traditional aerospace industry and its root causes. Building on this analysis, it examines the experiences of international …

Foundation, Challenges And Approaches To Deepen Brics Science, Technology And Innovation Cooperation In Context Of Brics Enlargement, Xiu Yang, Haitao Chen, Ci Fang, Ziran Jiang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Deepening international science and technology innovation (STI) cooperation among BRICS countries is of great significance for empowering Global South and building a global S&T community. This study takes the ten BRICS countries in the expanded membership as the research object, deeply analyzes on deepening international STI cooperation among BRICS countries, and puts forward approaches and suggestions. Research indicates that BRICS countries have established a long-term, stable, and mature mechanism of international STI cooperation that provides an institutional guarantee for deepening international STI cooperation among BRICS countries. The rising impact of STI competence, the expanded scale of STI network, and increasingly …

Green Certificate Of “Lucid Waters And Lush Mountains” And The Yellow River Demonstration, Guangqian Wang, Deyu Zhong

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Guided by the “Lucid Waters and Lush Mountains are Invaluable Assets”, this work systematically studies the mechanism for realizing ecological value and proposes an implementation plan centered on a Green Certificate system for ecological assets, to be advanced in three stages. The Green Certificate serves as an objective and quantifiable proof of ecological assets, integrating four categories of ecological products—ecological water, soil and water conservation, carbon sequestration, and afforestation (grass planting)—into a unified, tradable rights certificate system. This provides an institutional foundation for transforming “Lucid Waters and Lush Mountains” into “Gold and Silver Mountains” through market mechanisms. Taking the Yellow …

Research On Strategies For High Quality Development Of New Power Systems, Xiaohong Chen, Junpeng Li, Yongmei Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

New power systems are at a critical stage of transition from theory to implementation. Against the backdrop of accelerating global energy transformation and technological revolution, shifting the energy system from “scale-oriented” to “quality-driven” is both an urgent need and a key focus for advancing the high-quality development of China’s new power systems. This study employs a four-dimensional analytical framework integrating “technology-elements-industry-green transition” to identify the main challenges existing in the new power systems currently, including constraints in key technologies, imbalances in factor allocation, difficulties in industrial coordination, and instability in power supply structure. Targeted measures are proposed accordingly. (1) Strengthening …

Coordination Degree Of Composite Systems And Its Application, Ke Qi, Jiaojun Zhu, Dexiong Teng, Xiao Zheng, Huaiqing Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

A composite system (CS) is an organic whole composed of multiple subsystems. It has the property of operating in a coordinated manner through the interconnection and interaction between its subsystems, which could be evaluated by the indicator of coordination degree of composite systems (CDoCS). However, there is currently a lack of quantitative methods for CDoCS and the CDoCS-based technology for composite system optimization. As a result, there is a lack of effective solutions to the problems caused by the disharmony of composite systems such as the mountain-water-forest-farm-lake-grass-sand systems (i.e., composite ecosystems) and the social-economic-natural systems. Therefore, the connotation of CDoCS …

Research On Regional Suitability Assessment And Promotion Mechanisms Of Conservation—Based Utilization Models For Black Soil, Xiaojie Liu, Liangjie Xin, Jiliang Ma, Yuxian Wang, Fan Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Black soil represents a high-quality and scarce arable land resource, serving as a critical foundation for ensuring food security in China. However, prolonged development and utilization have resulted in varying degrees of degradation of black soil in Northeast China, directly affecting national food security and ecological stability. Since 2015, China has initiated and progressively intensified efforts in black soil protection. Technical models such as the “Lishu Model” and the “Longjiang Model” have been developed, demonstrated, and promoted, leading to increasingly significant conservation outcomes. Nevertheless, current technical models for black soil protection face dual challenges: unclear suitability boundaries and difficulties in …

Thoughts On Reform Of Fiscal S&T System Under Public Finance System, Wei Xue, Xuan Wang, Yunqiqige Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Finance is the foundation and important pillar of national governance, a perfect financial science and technology system is of great significance for promoting scientific and technological progress, optimizing financial science and technology management, and enhancing the effectiveness of financial science and technology funds. This study discusses the main features of the financial science and technology system under the framework of public finance, summarizes the relevant reform achievements in China in recent years, identifies the main problems, clarifies the practices of innovative countries such as the United States, Germany, Britain, and Japan, and puts forward policy suggestions for further deepening the …

Construction Of Data Factor Circulation Law System In The United States And Its Reflection For China, Zihan Lin, Youmei Ma, Feng Guo

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As a pioneer country in the global digital economy, the United States has established a relatively complete system for the circulation of data elements. The focus is on government data openness, with the United States forming a legislative system for data openness at both federal and state levels to ensure data freedom and openness. In the field of personal data trading, the United States has established a relatively relaxed legal environment and data brokers to promote data circulation and trading. At present, China is actively promoting the market-oriented allocation reform of data elements, building a multi-level data element market, and …

Evolutionary Logic And Development Trends Of China’S Ecological And Environmental Fiscal Polocies—Quantitative Analysis Based On Policy Texts, Yu Qi, Wumei Shi, Yankun Xu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The modern fiscal system has a unique role in promoting the development of green transformation, taking into account the different interests of different subjects, linking different governance links, and balancing the distribution of benefits between regions and generations, and has become a tool that is increasingly relied upon to improve the basic system of ecological civilization, sound ecological and environmental governance system, and innovate the mechanism of green and low-carbon development. Through a retrospective study of 1 516 policy texts issued by the central government departments since the reform and opening up of China, which are closely related to “ecological …

Status Quo Of Large-Scale Models, Risks And Challenges, And Recommended Countermeasures, Le Cheng, Yang Xiao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Large-scale models (large models) are not only central to technological innovation, but also deeply entwined with national security, economic transformation, and social governance. This study examines the status quo of large-model development, identifies the key risks and challenges, and proposes response strategies, aiming to provide theoretical and policy insights for China’s navigations in global artificial intelligence (AI) competition and advances technological innovation. The research indicates that competition in the large-model market is fierce, while the industry is gradually consolidating. Competition in large models between China and the United States has escalated into a form of geopolitical contest. From a technical …

Comparison And Enlightenment Of International Renewable Energy Legislation Systems, Lanchun Li, Wei Feng, Wei Chen, Qing Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The high-quality development of renewable energy cannot be achieved without legal system guarantees. In the new era, the deepening of national major strategies such as energy revolution, high-quality development, and dual carbon have put forward new and higher requirements for China’s renewable energy legal system. Based on the perspective of “past-now-future”, this study systematically reviews the development process and evolution trend of international renewable energy legal systems, extracts typical experiences of major countries, and compares and summarizes the analyses of China’s legal systems. In light of gaps, it is proposed to further improve the revision of the Renewable Energy Law …

Evolution Of International Collaboration In China’S Biomedical Technology And Policy Implications, Xinyu Liu, Fang Wang, Liang Xi

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In light of the rapid advancement of biomedical technologies and intensifying geopolitical competition over technological dominance, international cooperation in this field has garnered significant attention among scholars, policymakers, and industry leaders. This study employs comprehensive patent data spanning from 2002 to 2023 across the global biomedical landscape to systematically investigate the characteristics and evolution patterns of both global and Chinese biomedical inventions. Employing econometric analysis of patents and social network analysis, the research examines three key dimensions: patent output, technological pathways, and collaboration networks. Three research findings are derived. Firstly, China has transitioned from a “catch-up collaborator” to a critical …

Enlightenment Of Us Nairr To Construction Of Artificial Intelligence Innovation Ecosystem In China, Tian Jiang, Li Qian

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource (NAIRR) of the United States is of great significance for addressing the new challenges faced by the innovation of artificial intelligence technology. For China, the experience of NAIRR provides valuable references in resource optimization allocation and efficient utilization, which helps us to overcome resource bottlenecks and promote the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology. This study analyzes the enlightenment of NAIRR to the innovation and development of artificial intelligence in China from two key aspects. The first is the innovation-driven elements, where the integration strategies of NAIRR in computing and storage power, data resource, …

Policy Overview (October, 2025)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

The Southern Nevada Care Economy: Addressing Child Care And Elder Care Challenges, The Lincy Institute

Lincy Institute Events

This community forum examines the economic and societal impact of the “care economy” in Southern Nevada in collaboration with Tripp Umbach, a nationally recognized consulting firm that provides comprehensive services including research and strategic plans to further the operations and activities of healthcare services.

Central to the care economy is elder care and child care. Having access to elder care and child care services is essential to working age adults, many of whom need one or both types of services to continue participating in the workforce. The delivery of child care and elder care services have far-reaching implications for our …

Political Polarization Harms Public Health, Shana Kushner Gadarian, Jay Van Bavel, Kai Ruggeri, Eric Knowles

Population Health Research Brief Series

Political polarization poses considerable risks to well-being. Both ideological polarization (“extremification” of policy positions and ideological orientations) and affective polarization (out-party hate) have increased over the past several decades with detrimental effects on public health. This brief summarizes the impacts of political polarization on public health in the U.S., highlighting the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study on the health risks of polarization. The authors show that, in the United States, one of the strongest predictors of COVID-19 prevention behaviors, such as social distancing and vaccination, was political partisanship. Gaps in these behaviors between Republicans and Democrats increased over the …

Integrated Coordinated Care Policies In Alameda County For The Unhoused Population, Stacey R. Perry

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Alameda County departments and organizations have continually provided varying services to members in the unhoused community to increase pathways to stabilization for those served, with little success for over 37 years. While there were studies that discussed the issues of high service utilization faced by unhoused behavioral health care recipients, there was little to no literature that discussed these issues in Alameda County, where the numbers of unhoused persons total more than 9,500. There was very little known as to what policy barriers, and conversely, facilitators and key stakeholders in clinical and penal institutions face in implementing integrated coordinated care …

Ethical Issues In Implementation Science: Perspectives From A National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute Workshop, Neal W Dickert, Donna Spiegelman, Jennifer S Blumenthal-Barby, Garth Graham, Steven Joffe, Jeremy M Kahn, Nancy E Kass, Scott Y H Kim, Meeta P Kerlin, Aisha T Langford, James V Lavery, Daniel D Matlock, Kathleen N Fenton, George A Mensah

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Ethical issues arise in the context of implementation science that may differ from those encountered in other research settings. This report, developed out of a workshop convened by the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science within the United States National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, identifies six key themes that are important to the assessment of ethical dimensions of implementation science. First, addressing ethical challenges in implementation science does not require new ethical principles, commitments, or regulations. However, it does require understanding of the specific contexts arising in implementation research related to both study design and the intervention being …

Nevada’S Care Workforce: Obstacles And Opportunities For Policymakers, David Damore, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr., Fatma Nasoz

Policy Briefs and Reports

The care economy includes “the paid and unpaid labor and services that support caregiving in all its forms.” This work includes caring for children, the elderly, and those who are ill or have disabilities. Care work is often undervalued, underpaid, and without a fair system of work benefits in place (e.g. contracts, paid leave, workers’ rights) that in many cases falls disproportionately on women and communities of color. In this policy brief, we examine the care economy in Nevada by focusing on three areas of care: (1) child care; (2) elder care; and (3) mental and behavioral health care. In …

Downeast Community Opioid Response Program: Final Summary Report, Tyler Egeland Ba, Gordon Mcintire Ba, Evelyn Ali, Mary Lindsey Smith Phd, Katie Rosingana Ba

Substance Use Research & Evaluation

The Downeast Substance Treatment Network is a group of diverse organizations working to improve integration and access to treatments and services for people with substance use disorder. The consortium’s Rural Communities Opioid Response Program grant project aims to: (1) expand the reach of their treatment network, (2) increase awareness and practice of harm reduction, and (3) facilitate transitions of care to improve partner efficacy. This project included a mixed-methods evaluation led by Catherine E. Cutler Institute’s Substance Use Research and Evaluation Team (SURE). This year 3 final summary presentation includes feedback from program partners and key informants, in addition to …

Integrating Humanities Into Cybersecurity Education: Enhancing Ethical, Historical, And Sociopolitical Understanding In Technical Training, Joseph Frusci

Journal of Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice

The increasing complexity of cybersecurity challenges necessitates a holistic educational approach that integrates both technical skills and humanistic perspectives. This article examines the importance of infusing humanities disciplines such as history, ethics, political science, sociology, law, and anthropology—into cybersecurity education. Through a pilot course developed for Staten Island Technical High School, aligned with the New York State K-12 Computer Science and Digital Fluency Standards, students were introduced to an interdisciplinary curriculum that combined technical cybersecurity training with historical analysis, ethical reasoning, and sociopolitical context. The results of pre- and post-course assessments demonstrated significant improvements in critical thinking, ethical decision-making, and …

The Southern Nevada Care Economy: Challenges And Opportunities, Tripp Umbach

Policy Briefs and Reports

National policymakers increasingly recognize the care economy as an essential economic driver, contributing $648 billion annually to the U.S. economy and supporting 3.6 million jobs. The care economy is also critical in driving economic development and prosperity in Southern Nevada. Yet, as this Tripp Umbach analysis finds, Southern Nevada’s care economy dramatically underperforms compared to national benchmarks and peer regions. High caregiving costs and limited access to care for children, seniors, and individuals with disabilities in Southern Nevada strain families, businesses, and public resources. This burden reduces workforce participation, productivity, and economic growth. Low pay and high turnover among care …

Understanding The Plastic Issue (Poster Presentation), Regan Bossie, Peter Nguyen, John Mcswiggin, Adam Meadows

Sustainability Conference

The Plastic-Free Campus Initiative is an Embry-Riddle initiative advocating for the reduction and elimination of single-use plastics on the Daytona Beach campus.

Our poster presentation aims to highlight current issues and concerns by presenting plastic production trends, quantifying how plastic pollution has affected global ecosystems, and discussing the material characteristics of plastics and their consequences. The poster will provide an overview of the current state of global recycling and will outline key concerns that microplastics, and plastics in general, pose to public health. By presenting the current facts and concerns related to plastic and recycling, we hope to encourage individuals …

Impacting Community Well-Being Through Effective Engagement Using The Seed Method, Carlin Rafie, Emily B. Zimmerman, Angelina Hargrove, Theodora Biney Amissah, Samantha Lee

Journal of Extension

Cooperative Extension can make a significant impact on health in the United States through effective community engagement that focuses on the complex socio-ecological factors that impact health. The Stakeholder Engagement in Question Development Method (SEED Method) employs community based participatory research principles to engage communities in research, problem-solving, and action planning. Projects employing the SEED Method engage community members from diverse backgrounds, create community capacity, result in tangible outcomes, and foment inter-organizational trust and networking. A SEED Toolkit is available on the Extension Foundation Campus site and provides implementation instructions, tools and timelines, and potential applications within Extension.

Navigating The Landscape: Perceptions, Motivations, And The Journey Of Data Professionals In Implementing Data Processes And Procedures, Willie Rivers

Dissertations

This explanatory study investigates the motivations behind data professionals' willingness or resistance to implementing data policies and procedures, utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior and Psychological Ownership as frameworks. Through interviews with 21 data professionals, the research explains how factors such as perceived control, ownership, and attitudes towards data processes influence their motivation. The study tests key propositions, including the impact of perceived time burdens, bureaucratic procedures, and organizational expectations on data governance engagement. The findings underscore the critical role of control and access to information in motivating the adoption of data policies, providing insights for organizations aiming to enhance …

Addressing Transportation Emissions Through State Climate And Energy Policy, Amy Schlusser

PSU Transportation Seminars

Oregon has adopted policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the energy and transportation sectors. This presentation will provide some background on these policy frameworks and explore how these policies impact transportation fuels and the transportation sector more broadly.

Transition To Islamic Financial System Unravelling The Knots, Ishrat Husain Dr.

Faculty Research - Talks, Speeches, & Discourse

Financial system is a vital component of the overall socio-economic system of a country as well part of international financial architecture in a globalized world. Transformation of a financial system in absence of complementary changes in the larger socio economic systems may not enable us to achieve the goals of Maqasid e Shariah. I would therefore like to draw your attention to at least a few pressing issues. Judiciary and Legislature have done their job which was the easiest declaratory and directive giving a deadline for conversion of the entire financial system to become Shariah -Compliant. The difficult part to …

Veteran Certification: Debunking Myths And Streamlining Processes, Misty Stutsman-Fox, Barbara Carson, John Perez, Rosalinda V. Maury

Institute for Veterans and Military Families

This paper affirms the continued intent of the IVMF and CVOB to demystify and help streamline the VOB certification process by advocating for the establishment of either one nationally recognized certification, or a unified verification process where all certifying bodies work together towards a reciprocal solution.

Improving Employee Retention In The Virtual Workforce, Marissa Williams

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The need for addressing employee retention in the virtual workforce is critical, particularly in the context of the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) Region 4. High employee turnover rates can lead to significant disruptions and decreased organizational performance. This administrative case study involved identifying effective strategies to improve retention and engagement among virtual employees. The practice-focused question involved understanding key factors that influenced employee retention and developing actionable recommendations for the GSA. Insights can be applied across similar organizations facing virtual workforce challenges. Data were collected through in-depth surveys with employees that were hired between 2020 and 2023, focusing on …