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Articles 5041 - 5070 of 63096
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Motherhood Wage Penalty: Estimation Across Various Factors, Mario Velazquez
The Motherhood Wage Penalty: Estimation Across Various Factors, Mario Velazquez
Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters
Maternity and family leave policies are implemented in the workplace and sometimes even mandated by governments to allow first-time mothers to provide care for their newborns and recover from childbirth. However, these policies vary by country, and previous research publications have found that women face a “motherhood penalty” when they take a leave from work, leading to reduced earnings compared to women who do not have children. The main purpose of this paper is to validate whether new mothers do in fact face a decrease in their earnings over time, to compare this penalty across numerous variables, and to explore …
Immigration: Ancient Counterparts And Processes, Monica Souza Sue
Immigration: Ancient Counterparts And Processes, Monica Souza Sue
Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters
This project sought to inspect parallels between modern and ancient societies, and the commonality of certain events and political markers. This project makes mentions of power dynamics, the position of immigrants as a source of labor, and their commodification as a force. Research used a 'compilation of materials' method. In which, is performed the examination and studying of different materials in relation to the question, compiling findings, and crafting commentary based on the discoveries of the medias. The experiences of immigrants in the United States are strongly comparable to the experiences of metic (immigrant) women in ancient Athens. A small …
Korea: The Enduring Policy Blindspot, Justin Malzac, Rene A. Mahomed
Korea: The Enduring Policy Blindspot, Justin Malzac, Rene A. Mahomed
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
The threat posed by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is a neglected and under prioritized problem across the US government, requiring a dramatic change of approach. Most proposals for Goldwater-Nichols reform focus on geography, either increasing or decreasing the number of geographic commands. Based on our personal experience as Joint military planners at strategic-level headquarters, we argue that the change needs to go further, focusing on global national security problems instead of geography. This article’s analysis and conclusions will provoke conversation across the national security enterprise about how the United States competes with multiple global threats.
Bottom-Up Global Change: Stealth Action In A Decentralized World, Art Blaser, Trinity Huynh
Bottom-Up Global Change: Stealth Action In A Decentralized World, Art Blaser, Trinity Huynh
Political Science Faculty Articles and Research
The climate justice and disability rights movements reflect a paradigm shift from a top-down approach to policy-making to one that emphasizes local efforts by non-state actors.
The American Way Of Studying War: What Is It Good For?, Michael P. Ferguson
The American Way Of Studying War: What Is It Good For?, Michael P. Ferguson
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
Academic military historians, government institutions, and defense practitioners have unique purposes for advancing the study of war that influence the way they consume and produce history. Although there is substantial scholarship covering how the discipline of military history has changed since the late nineteenth century, the literature surrounding why it changes and how it is used is less plentiful. Using primary and secondary sources to contextualize debates between historians, this study traces major developments in military historiography, considers the US Army’s relationship with its history, and explores potential connections between a history’s purpose and its use for military professionals.
Parameters Winter 2024-25, Usawc Press
Parameters Winter 2024-25, Usawc Press
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
Welcome to the Winter 2024–25 issue of Parameters. This issue consists of an In Focus special commentary, three forums (Indo-Pacific, Security Cooperation, and Historical Studies), and the regular Civil-Military Relations Corner installment.
Book Reviews, Usawc Press
Book Reviews, Usawc Press
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
No abstract provided.
Building On The Past And Forging Ahead: Embarking On A New Journey To Science Frontiers, Jianguo Hou
Building On The Past And Forging Ahead: Embarking On A New Journey To Science Frontiers, Jianguo Hou
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
No abstract provided.
Promote Deep Integration Of Real Economy And Digital Economy, Qinmin Wang
Promote Deep Integration Of Real Economy And Digital Economy, Qinmin Wang
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Deep integration of digital technology, industrial development, and data resources empowers development of the digital economy, constantly opens up new tracks, creates new momentum, and establishes new advantages, becoming a new powerful engine for global economic and social development. China attaches great importance to the high-quality development of the digital economy. This study discusses the practical experience of vigorously promoting digital industrialization and industrial digitization, promoting the deep integration of digital technology and the real economy, and accelerating the construction of a network power and digital China. It also proposes countermeasures and suggestions to further promote the efficient empowerment of …
Ethical Risk Of Frontier S&T And Its Governance
Ethical Risk Of Frontier S&T And Its Governance
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
No abstract provided.
Ethical Risks Of Frontier Science And Technology: An Escalating Threat, Xiao Lu, Huihui Liu, Rui Li, Jiaofeng Pan
Ethical Risks Of Frontier Science And Technology: An Escalating Threat, Xiao Lu, Huihui Liu, Rui Li, Jiaofeng Pan
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Science and technology (S&T) are not only powerful tools for development, but also a source of risk. The new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are accelerating in current times. It deeply influences and fundamentally reshapes human production and life, which can raise a range of known and unknown ethical risks, involving individual rights and interests, social stability, national security, as well as sustainable development of mankind. This study summarizes the characteristics of ethical risks in frontier S&T, including the dependence on related fields, high uncertainty, social reconstruction, and ultimate challenge. Considering the risks in various fields, …
Artificial Intelligence Foundation Model Risk Identification And Governance Model From Esg Perspective, Jincheng Shi, Guoyu Wang, Yingchun Wang
Artificial Intelligence Foundation Model Risk Identification And Governance Model From Esg Perspective, Jincheng Shi, Guoyu Wang, Yingchun Wang
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
The application ecology of artificial intelligence foundation model is rapidly expanding. The environment, society, and governance are facing new challenges and opportunities. Exploring the construction of a governance framework for the development risks of foundation model has important theoretical value and practical significance for promoting the healthy and sustainable development of artificial intelligence. Based on the theories of ESG and artificial intelligence governance, this study analyzes the development benefits and typical risks of foundation model from the perspective of ESG and then constructs a risk governance framework and implementation strategies for artificial intelligence foundation models. This study shows that a …
Participatory Ethical Regulations: Risk Challenges Of Artificial Intelligence Era And Construction Of Governance Logic, Chenggang Zhang, Lu Pan
Participatory Ethical Regulations: Risk Challenges Of Artificial Intelligence Era And Construction Of Governance Logic, Chenggang Zhang, Lu Pan
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Participatory ethical norms emphasize the involvement of diverse stakeholders, aiming to construct a more comprehensive and balanced ethical governance framework. The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology is leading society through unprecedented transformations, significantly impacting ethical perspectives, social governance models, and the symbiotic relationship between humans and technology. The participatory ethical norms, characterized by multi-stakeholder participation, interactivity, and openness, represent a crucial pathway for addressing the challenges posed by the rapid development of AI technology. Constructing an AI governance framework based on participatory ethical norms provides solutions for the sustainable, fair, and transparent development of AI from multiple aspects …
Ethical Risks And Challenges Of Chatgpt Applications In Education, Jingbo Fan, Hui Liang
Ethical Risks And Challenges Of Chatgpt Applications In Education, Jingbo Fan, Hui Liang
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
ChatGPT is a typical application in the field of natural language processing, with the potential to empower and revolutionize education. It can serve not only as a digital tutor for students but also as a virtual assistant for teachers, driving the transformation of student learning methods and teaching paradigms. Additionally, ChatGPT shows a wide range of applications in the research field. However, while bringing opportunities for educational development, ChatGPT also poses ethical risks and challenges to educational equity. Firstly, ChatGPT may exacerbate the digital divide, leading to unequal educational opportunities. Secondly, it presents risks such as knowledge alienation, algorithmic black-box …
Optimization For Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Ecological Security Barrier System, Bojie Fu, Yanxu Liu, Wenwu Zhao, Xiaoming Feng, Shiliang Liu, Chiyuan Miao, Xuhui Wang, Chunyang He, Changjia Li, Aizhong Ye, Zhongmin Hu, Zhifeng Liu, Dingyang Zhou
Optimization For Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Ecological Security Barrier System, Bojie Fu, Yanxu Liu, Wenwu Zhao, Xiaoming Feng, Shiliang Liu, Chiyuan Miao, Xuhui Wang, Chunyang He, Changjia Li, Aizhong Ye, Zhongmin Hu, Zhifeng Liu, Dingyang Zhou
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
The ecological security barrier system is a composite system to maintain ecological security and sustainable development within and outside the region. This system enables the maintenance of the structure and function of the ecosystem in the ecological security barrier region relatively shielded from or minimally impacted by external environmental threats, so that forms a multilevel and orderly stable pattern. Over the period from 2000 to 2020, the ecosystem water conservation function was on the rise, and the soil conservation function, net ecosystem productivity, and habitat quality were generally stable in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Comparing the previous three national parks and …
Building Modern City And Urban Science, Guangtao Wang, Fen Li, Xiang Liu, Yufei Gao
Building Modern City And Urban Science, Guangtao Wang, Fen Li, Xiang Liu, Yufei Gao
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
China is in a new stage of development of Chinese-style modernization, and the construction of modern cities plays a leading role in the process of modernization. Urban science is an important direction that urban researchers has been exploring, and the construction of modern cities needs the guidance of China’s urban science theory. On the basis of summarizing the basic characteristics of urban science, this study draws on the frontier progress of urban science both domestically and internationally, this study proposes definitions of China’s urban science, and constructs a theoretical framework with four dimensions, namely, ideological guidance, theoretical evidence-based approach, practical …
Sci-Tech System Reform Requires A New Paradigm: Theoretical Exploration, Yuehong Zhang
Sci-Tech System Reform Requires A New Paradigm: Theoretical Exploration, Yuehong Zhang
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee has comprehensively promoted the reform of the sci-tech management system, and has made significant progress. Nevertheless, facing the recent massive transformation in science and technology, China not only requires intensifying and deepening the sci-tech reform, but also demands profound reflections on its current reform mode and further exploration of a new reform paradigm compatible with China’s endeavor for a world power of science and technology. This study analyzes the challenges of China’s sci-tech transformation and the bottleneck of the problem-oriented repair paradigm for sci-tech reform, …
Building A New Paradigm For Sci-Tech System Reform: Practice Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Yuehong Zhang, Fang Jiang, Xue Wang, Guang Chen, Xiaoning Li
Building A New Paradigm For Sci-Tech System Reform: Practice Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Yuehong Zhang, Fang Jiang, Xue Wang, Guang Chen, Xiaoning Li
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Facing the immense challenges of sci-tech transformation, the national urgent needs for building a world power of science and technology, and the strong inertia of its institutional development, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has practiced the new reform paradigm, and launched a prudent and resolute, partial and systematic, unified and diverse exploration of sci-tech reform. Firstly, based on the structural paradigm theory proposed by the preceding work, this study introduces CAS’ endeavor to clarify the vision of “seizing the commanding heights of science and technology”, shape multiple structural tensions, and build dual-track reform framework. Secondly, it presents the practice that …
Disciplinary Policy Research On Science Development Strategies For Crewed Lunar Exploration, Wei Yang, Yuyang He, Jinting Kang, Ruiyi Chen, Huihong Cheng, Li Sun, Pan Deng, Yong Wei, Yangting Lin, Xianhua Li
Disciplinary Policy Research On Science Development Strategies For Crewed Lunar Exploration, Wei Yang, Yuyang He, Jinting Kang, Ruiyi Chen, Huihong Cheng, Li Sun, Pan Deng, Yong Wei, Yangting Lin, Xianhua Li
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
In order to better serve China’s crewed lunar exploration, this study researched and analyzed the current status of lunar exploration and planetary science research in China and the United States. Additionally, we conducted interviews and a questionnaire survey with experts in planetary science and deep-space exploration, and formed the following four policy recommendations: 1) Strengthening the layout and management of the disciplines of lunar and planetary sciences, and setting up a long-term and stable funding mechanism; 2) Improving the system of talent cultivation, and encouraging young talents to participate in deep-space exploration missions; 3) Strengthening the protection of original ideas, …
Reflections On Strengthening Digital Public Goods Institutions To Promote Construction Of Open Source Innovation Ecosystem, Chao Zhang, Ze Feng, Kaihua Chen, Qigang Zhu
Reflections On Strengthening Digital Public Goods Institutions To Promote Construction Of Open Source Innovation Ecosystem, Chao Zhang, Ze Feng, Kaihua Chen, Qigang Zhu
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
The digital public goods institutions are important foundations for promoting the development of an open source innovation ecosystem, which helps to break the key limitations faced by China’s open source innovation ecosystem, such as the lack of unity in technology routes and concentration of R&D power. Based on discussing the significance of improving digital public goods institutions, this study reviews the experience of major countries in the world in building digital public goods institutions and analyzes the prominent problems faced by the construction of China’s digital public goods institutions. This study points out that China’s open source innovation ecosystem faces …
Overview On Autonomous Machine Computing, Shaoshan Liu, Yiming Gan, Yinhe Han
Overview On Autonomous Machine Computing, Shaoshan Liu, Yiming Gan, Yinhe Han
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Autonomous machine computing, an innovative blend of algorithms, software, and cutting-edge computing hardware, is poised to be the next major paradigm shift in the global economy, following personal, mobile, and cloud computing. This study delves into the research and commercialization of the robotics industry, underscoring the critical importance of establishing a comprehensive autonomous machine computing ecosystem. This study argues that autonomous machine computing necessitates a complete ecosystem that encompasses applications, programming languages, and the foundational hardware architectures, and presents a comprehensive review of significant research contributions across these areas. Moreover, the study explores the synergy between autonomous machine computing and …
Benefits And Challenges Of Constructing Low-Altitude Air Route Network Infrastructure For Developing Low-Altitude Economy, Xiaohan Liao, Chenchen Xu, Huping Ye
Benefits And Challenges Of Constructing Low-Altitude Air Route Network Infrastructure For Developing Low-Altitude Economy, Xiaohan Liao, Chenchen Xu, Huping Ye
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Low-altitude airspace is a resource that needs to be fully explored, and the low-altitude economy is a new type of economic activity resulted from low-altitude airspace exploration and utilization. As the primary players of low-altitude flight activities, the commercialization and wide applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are promoting the prosperity of the low-altitude economy. A low-altitude air route network is an effective means to ensure the safe and efficient operations of a large number of UAVs, and it is also a new key infrastructure hosting low-altitude traffic. The history shows that the investment on public transport infrastructure as a …
Prospect And Problem Analysis Of Industry Data Application In Livestock And Poultry Breeding, Yiran Chen, Zhuqing Xiong, Jiaogen Zhou, Quan Wang, Jiancheng Shu, Yinfa Yan, Lanlin Yang, Zemeng Feng, Benhai Xiong, Yulong Yin
Prospect And Problem Analysis Of Industry Data Application In Livestock And Poultry Breeding, Yiran Chen, Zhuqing Xiong, Jiaogen Zhou, Quan Wang, Jiancheng Shu, Yinfa Yan, Lanlin Yang, Zemeng Feng, Benhai Xiong, Yulong Yin
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Livestock and poultry breeding is a pillar industry in China. The massive data in livestock and poultry breeding is a valuable resource. The market-oriented utilization of livestock and poultry breeding data plays an important role in improving industry standards, increasing industry profits, and driving the development of the entire industry chain. Currently, based on the demand for marketization of livestock and poultry breeding data, the application of new generation information technologies such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things in the process of livestock and poultry breeding to collect breeding process data, after de-sensitization and de-classification, through cloud computing, …
Thoughts On Status Quo And Approaches Of Scientists Engaging In Science Popularization In The New Era, Dapeng Wang, Rongli Huang, Ling Chen
Thoughts On Status Quo And Approaches Of Scientists Engaging In Science Popularization In The New Era, Dapeng Wang, Rongli Huang, Ling Chen
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Science popularization is the foundation for achieving innovation development. On July 20, 2023, General Secretary Xi Jinping answered the letter from 20 academician representatives of “Science & China”, hoping them “continue to make new contributions to high-level self-reliance of science and technology and Chinese style modernization”. Scientists, represented by academicians, should play an even greater role in the macro-science-popularization strategy of the new era, and they are the fountainhead of science popularization. This study, based on the discussion of the value and meaning of scientists engaging in science popularization, summarizes the status quo and format of scientists engaging in science …
Policy Overview (August–September, 2024)
Policy Overview (August–September, 2024)
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
No abstract provided.
Publication Of Annual Check Of Press Cards In Bulletin Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences
Publication Of Annual Check Of Press Cards In Bulletin Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
No abstract provided.
Situation And Challenges In Development Of China’S Commercial Aerospace, Chaofeng Huang, Chao Zhang, Jinge Li, Mengru Dong
Situation And Challenges In Development Of China’S Commercial Aerospace, Chaofeng Huang, Chao Zhang, Jinge Li, Mengru Dong
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Commercial aerospace is an important support for the national aerospace power strategy and a “new growth engine” for economic development, serving as a strategic pivot to win the future competitive landscape. Currently, China’s commercial aerospace industry is facing a mixed and urgent situation. On the one hand, the international competition situation is severe, with frequency track resources being seized and squeezed, international rules being passively constrained, and global market breakthroughs being hindered. On the other hand, domestic development opportunities are highlighted. The multidimensional support of central local cooperation is constantly strengthening, and the development prospects driven by industrial demand are …
Suggestions On Expanding Application Scenarios Of Commercial Aerospace Market, Mengru Dong, Chaofeng Huang, Ningyi Yang, Yu Yao, Yafeng Qin
Suggestions On Expanding Application Scenarios Of Commercial Aerospace Market, Mengru Dong, Chaofeng Huang, Ningyi Yang, Yu Yao, Yafeng Qin
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Expanding the application scenarios of the commercial aerospace market is an inevitable requirement for promoting the transformation and upgrading of the space industry and achieving the strategic goal of becoming a leading space power. Currently, the development of China’s commercial aerospace is in a critical transition period from technological breakthroughs to market expansion. However, there are still problems such as insufficient participation of private enterprises, low penetration of consumer markets, and insufficient competitiveness in the international market, and a sustainable and benign commercial closed loop has not yet been formed. The study analyzes the current situation of commercial aerospace market …
Reflections On Improving Industrial Investment And Financing Environment To Promote Healthy Development Of Commercial Aerospace, Cuilin Wu, Chao Zhang, Quan Cheng, Hongyu Wu
Reflections On Improving Industrial Investment And Financing Environment To Promote Healthy Development Of Commercial Aerospace, Cuilin Wu, Chao Zhang, Quan Cheng, Hongyu Wu
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
As a new frontier in global technological competition, the sustainable development of the commercial aerospace industry highly depends on a sound and efficient investment and financing environment. Although China’s commercial aerospace investment and financing system has achieved initial progress, it still faces multiple challenges, including imbalanced capital structure, insufficient risk-sharing mechanisms, and weakened market incentives, which constrain industrial innovation and competitiveness. This study systematically analyzes the current status and main challenges of China’s commercial aerospace investment and financing environment and draws on international experience to propose following optimization strategies. First, improve the structure of capital supply and expand diversified financing …
Analysis Of Status, Challenges, And Optimization Recommendations For China’S Commercial Space Policy Support System, Liming Ge, Zixuan Liu, Mingda Yang, Wenbin Ma
Analysis Of Status, Challenges, And Optimization Recommendations For China’S Commercial Space Policy Support System, Liming Ge, Zixuan Liu, Mingda Yang, Wenbin Ma
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
As a strategic pillar in building a space power, commercial space has become a new frontier for global technological competition. The Chinese government and relevant regulatory authorities have introduced a series of multi-level policy documents, propelling the commercial space sector into a phase of vigorous development. This study systematically reviews the background, evolution, and implementation outcomes of China’s policy support system for commercial space. It is indicates that, in light of the goal of becoming a “space power” and the future industrial competition, China’s policy support system for commercial space still faces challenges such as ineffective policy implementation mechanisms, lack …