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Articles 301 - 330 of 7311

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Fact-Based Counter Narrative Generation To Combat Hate Speech, Brian Wilk, Homaira Huda Shomee, Suman Kalyan Maity, Sourav Medya Apr 2025

Fact-Based Counter Narrative Generation To Combat Hate Speech, Brian Wilk, Homaira Huda Shomee, Suman Kalyan Maity, Sourav Medya

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Online hatred has become an increasingly pervasive issue, affecting individuals and communities across various digital platforms. To combat hate speech in such platforms, counter narratives (CNs) are regarded as an effective method. In recent years, there has been growing interest in using generative AI tools to construct CNs. However, most of the generative models produce generic responses to hate speech and can hallucinate, reducing their effectiveness. To address the above limitations, we propose a counter narrative generation method that enhances CNs by providing non-aggressive, fact-based narratives with relevant background knowledge from two distinct sources, including a web search module. Furthermore, …


Stability, Binding, And Charge Localization In Amorphous Tin Monoxide: A-Sno And A-Sn-Ta-O With Variable Composition, Julia E. Medvedeva, Joshua Santy, Mathew Pollard Apr 2025

Stability, Binding, And Charge Localization In Amorphous Tin Monoxide: A-Sno And A-Sn-Ta-O With Variable Composition, Julia E. Medvedeva, Joshua Santy, Mathew Pollard

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The structural, electronic, and optical properties of amorphous SnO and Sn-Ta-O (with Sn:Ta ratios 5:1, 3:2, and 1:2) are investigated as a function of density and metal composition using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and hybrid functional calculations. The short- and medium-range structures of amorphous oxides are thoroughly studied by calculating the effective coordination numbers, effective distances, distortion, and their time variances for metal-oxygen (M-O), O-M, M-M shells, the M-O-M and O-M-O angle distribution, as well as the volume, shape, and distribution of structural voids. Disorder is found to suppress both Sn-O and Sn-Sn coordination but not the O-Sn coordination. …


Systematic Characterization Of The Homogeneous And Heterogeneous Hydrogen Halide Dimers, Yuan Xue, Gregory S. Tschumper Apr 2025

Systematic Characterization Of The Homogeneous And Heterogeneous Hydrogen Halide Dimers, Yuan Xue, Gregory S. Tschumper

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study systematically characterizes the four homogeneous and six heterogeneous hydrogen-bonded dimers formed by hydrogen halide pairs (HX/HY where X, Y = F, Cl, Br, and I). The notation HX⋯HY indicates the direction of the hydrogen bond from the HY donor to the HX acceptor. All stationary points reported for these ten dimer systems are fully optimized utilizing the MP2 and CCSD(T) ab initio methods in conjunction with quadruple-ζ correlation-consistent basis sets augmented with diffuse functions, and their nature is verified by harmonic vibrational frequency computations. The electronic dissociation energies (De) for all ten global minima are evaluated near the …


Detection Of Co2 Locally Generated By Formate Dehydrogenase Using Carbonate Ion-Selective Micropipette Electrodes, Seol Baek, Salvador Gutierrez-Portocarrero, Rokas Gerulskis, Shelley D. Minteer, Sean R. German, Henry S. White Apr 2025

Detection Of Co2 Locally Generated By Formate Dehydrogenase Using Carbonate Ion-Selective Micropipette Electrodes, Seol Baek, Salvador Gutierrez-Portocarrero, Rokas Gerulskis, Shelley D. Minteer, Sean R. German, Henry S. White

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Many technologies involve immobilizing catalysts such as enzymes on surfaces, and the catalytic activities or functional efficiencies of these surface-bound catalysts can vary depending on orientations, localized binding sites, active sites, and intrinsic molecular nature. Accurate and rapid quantification of reaction products from surface-immobilized catalysts is crucial for understanding the selectivity, mechanisms, and reaction dynamics of catalytic systems and for revealing heterogeneous catalytic activities and reaction sites for applications such as biosensors and energy conversion/generation systems. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of localized enzymatic activity measurements using microscale carbon dioxide (CO2)-sensitive ion-selective electrode (ISE) pipettes (0.5-2.5 μm tip …


Transition Metal Nanocomposites: Nonenzymatic Biosensor For Neurochemical Detection, Amitav Sen, Ace Cannon, Manashi Nath Apr 2025

Transition Metal Nanocomposites: Nonenzymatic Biosensor For Neurochemical Detection, Amitav Sen, Ace Cannon, Manashi Nath

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

No abstract provided.


Additive Manufacturing Of Thermoplastic Composites, Matik Heskin, K. Chandrashekhara, Richard Billo, Ming-Chuan Leu, Thomas P. Schuman Apr 2025

Additive Manufacturing Of Thermoplastic Composites, Matik Heskin, K. Chandrashekhara, Richard Billo, Ming-Chuan Leu, Thomas P. Schuman

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

No abstract provided.


Robust Multifidelity Operator Learning For Partial Differential Equations, Jacob Hauck, Yanzhi Zhang Apr 2025

Robust Multifidelity Operator Learning For Partial Differential Equations, Jacob Hauck, Yanzhi Zhang

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

No abstract provided.


A New Weighting Scheme To Optimize The Full Fisher Information In Multi-Tracer Surveys Of The Large-Scale Structure, Cole Rischbieter, Shun Saito Apr 2025

A New Weighting Scheme To Optimize The Full Fisher Information In Multi-Tracer Surveys Of The Large-Scale Structure, Cole Rischbieter, Shun Saito

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

No abstract provided.


Prediction Of Undrained Shear Strength From Towed-Tem Resistivity Attributes Using Machine Learning Techniques, Kolawole Arowoogun, Katherine R. Grote, Jeremy Maurer Apr 2025

Prediction Of Undrained Shear Strength From Towed-Tem Resistivity Attributes Using Machine Learning Techniques, Kolawole Arowoogun, Katherine R. Grote, Jeremy Maurer

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

No abstract provided.


Introducing Gridtrees For File Browsing And Hierarchical Data Visualization, Nathan Tibbetts, Satish Puri Apr 2025

Introducing Gridtrees For File Browsing And Hierarchical Data Visualization, Nathan Tibbetts, Satish Puri

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

No abstract provided.


Unsupervised Contrastive Learning Based Clustering For Robust Emotion Classification, Nozaer Omar, Sanjay Kumar Madria Apr 2025

Unsupervised Contrastive Learning Based Clustering For Robust Emotion Classification, Nozaer Omar, Sanjay Kumar Madria

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

No abstract provided.


Polymerization Methods For Vinyl Phosphonate Monomers: Challenges And Perspectives, Sara Mccauley Apr 2025

Polymerization Methods For Vinyl Phosphonate Monomers: Challenges And Perspectives, Sara Mccauley

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

No abstract provided.


On The Robustness Of Adaptive Resonance Theory Neural Networks, Shane Cairns, Leonardo Enzo Brito Da Silva, Sasha Petrenko, Donald C. Wunsch Apr 2025

On The Robustness Of Adaptive Resonance Theory Neural Networks, Shane Cairns, Leonardo Enzo Brito Da Silva, Sasha Petrenko, Donald C. Wunsch

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

No abstract provided.


An Open-Framework Iron-Selenite As Cathode For Li- Ion Batteries, Sutapa Bhattacharya, Aleksandr V. Chernatynskiy, Amitava Choudhury Apr 2025

An Open-Framework Iron-Selenite As Cathode For Li- Ion Batteries, Sutapa Bhattacharya, Aleksandr V. Chernatynskiy, Amitava Choudhury

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

No abstract provided.


Maldi-Mass Spectrometry Imaging To Investigate Distribution Of Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances In Exposed Poplar Tissues, Tonglin Zhou, Varuni Abhayarayne, Joseph Akor, Honglan Shi, Paul Ki-Souk Nam, Joel Gerard Burken, John Yang Apr 2025

Maldi-Mass Spectrometry Imaging To Investigate Distribution Of Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances In Exposed Poplar Tissues, Tonglin Zhou, Varuni Abhayarayne, Joseph Akor, Honglan Shi, Paul Ki-Souk Nam, Joel Gerard Burken, John Yang

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

No abstract provided.


Preliminary Assessment Of Non-Volatile Particulate Matter And Gaseous Emissions From A Premixed Pre-Vaporized Combustor Designed For Civil Supersonic Transport, Ugochukwu Ewuzie, Godwin Ifeanyi Ogbuehi, Steven Achterberg, Monday Uchenna Okoronkwo, Philip D. Whitefield Apr 2025

Preliminary Assessment Of Non-Volatile Particulate Matter And Gaseous Emissions From A Premixed Pre-Vaporized Combustor Designed For Civil Supersonic Transport, Ugochukwu Ewuzie, Godwin Ifeanyi Ogbuehi, Steven Achterberg, Monday Uchenna Okoronkwo, Philip D. Whitefield

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

No abstract provided.


Coupled Time-Dependent Stokes - Darcy Model With Beavers–Joseph–Saffman–Jones Interface Boundary Condition, Yafang Hei, Xiaoming He Apr 2025

Coupled Time-Dependent Stokes - Darcy Model With Beavers–Joseph–Saffman–Jones Interface Boundary Condition, Yafang Hei, Xiaoming He

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

No abstract provided.


A Study Of The Sum Of Divisors, Henry M. Willie Apr 2025

A Study Of The Sum Of Divisors, Henry M. Willie

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

No abstract provided.


Replicating And Testing The First Point-Contact Transistor, Lucas Ethington, Lana Herkenhoff, Braden Stillmaker, Punit Turlapati Apr 2025

Replicating And Testing The First Point-Contact Transistor, Lucas Ethington, Lana Herkenhoff, Braden Stillmaker, Punit Turlapati

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

No abstract provided.


The Effect Of Nanomorphology As Quantified Via The K‑Index On The Drug Delivery Properties Of Isocyanate-Derived Aerogels, Stephen Y. Owusu, A. B. M. Shaheen Ud Doulah, Vaibhav A. Edlabadkar, Kamden J. George, Chariklia Sotiriou-Leventis Apr 2025

The Effect Of Nanomorphology As Quantified Via The K‑Index On The Drug Delivery Properties Of Isocyanate-Derived Aerogels, Stephen Y. Owusu, A. B. M. Shaheen Ud Doulah, Vaibhav A. Edlabadkar, Kamden J. George, Chariklia Sotiriou-Leventis

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

No abstract provided.


Amorphous Metal Transparent Conducting Oxide P-Type Semiconductors, Joshua Santy Apr 2025

Amorphous Metal Transparent Conducting Oxide P-Type Semiconductors, Joshua Santy

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

No abstract provided.


Fractional Brownian Motion With Mean-Density Interaction, Jonathan House, Skirmantas Janusonis, Ralf Metzler, Thomas Vojta Apr 2025

Fractional Brownian Motion With Mean-Density Interaction, Jonathan House, Skirmantas Janusonis, Ralf Metzler, Thomas Vojta

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

No abstract provided.


Some New Hardy-Type Inequalities With Negative Parameters On Time Scales, Martin Bohner, Irena Jadlovská, Ahmed I. Saied Apr 2025

Some New Hardy-Type Inequalities With Negative Parameters On Time Scales, Martin Bohner, Irena Jadlovská, Ahmed I. Saied

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, we present new Hardy-type inequalities with negative parameters on a time scale T. The adopted approach draws upon the use of a reversed Hölder dynamic inequality, a chain rule, and the integration by parts rule on time scales. In the continuous case, our results contain integral inequalities due to Benaissa and Budak, while in the discrete case, the obtained inequalities are essentially new. Additionally, we demonstrate the applicability of our results in the quantum case.


Interferometric Differential High-Frequency Lock-In Probe For Laser-Induced Vacuum Birefringence, R. G. Bullis, Ulrich D. Jentschura, D. C. Yost Apr 2025

Interferometric Differential High-Frequency Lock-In Probe For Laser-Induced Vacuum Birefringence, R. G. Bullis, Ulrich D. Jentschura, D. C. Yost

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We propose a measurement of laser-induced vacuum birefringence through the use of pulsed lasers coupled to femtosecond optical enhancement cavities. This measurement technique features cavity-enhanced pump and probe pulses, as well as an independent control pulse. The control pulse allows for a differential measurement where the final signal is obtained using high-frequency lock-in detection, greatly mitigating time-dependent cavity birefringence as an important and possibly prohibitive systematic effect. In addition, the method features the economical use of laser power and results in a relatively simple experimental setup.


Phases And Dynamics Of Quantum Droplets In The Crossover To Two-Dimensions, Jose Carlos Pelayo, George Bougas, Thomás Fogarty, Thomas Busch, Simeon I. Mistakidis Apr 2025

Phases And Dynamics Of Quantum Droplets In The Crossover To Two-Dimensions, Jose Carlos Pelayo, George Bougas, Thomás Fogarty, Thomas Busch, Simeon I. Mistakidis

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We explore the ground states and dynamics of ultracold atomic droplets in the crossover region from three to two dimensions by solving the two-dimensional and the quasi-two-dimensional extended Gross-Pitaevskii equations numerically and with a variational approach. By systematically comparing the droplet properties, we determine the validity regions of the pure two-dimensional description, and therefore the dominance of the logarithmic nonlinear coupling, as a function of the sign of the averaged mean-field interactions and the size of the transverse confinement. One of our main findings is that droplets become substantially extended upon transitioning from negative-to-positive averaged mean-field interactions. This is accompanied …


Spectral Width Of Maximum Deposition Eigenchannels In Diffusive Media, Rohin E. Mcintosh, Arthur Goetschy, Nicholas Bender, Alexey Yamilov, Chia Wei Hsu, Hasan Yllmaz, Hui Cao Apr 2025

Spectral Width Of Maximum Deposition Eigenchannels In Diffusive Media, Rohin E. Mcintosh, Arthur Goetschy, Nicholas Bender, Alexey Yamilov, Chia Wei Hsu, Hasan Yllmaz, Hui Cao

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The maximum deposition eigenchannel provides the largest possible power delivery to a target region inside a diffusive medium by optimizing the incident wavefront of a monochromatic beam. It originates from constructive interference of scattered waves, which is frequency sensitive. We investigate the spectral width of the maximum deposition eigenchannels over a range of target depths using numerical simulations of a 2D diffusive system. Compared to tight focusing into the system, power deposition to an extended region is more sensitive to frequency detuning. The spectral width of enhanced delivery to a large target displays a rather weak, nonmonotonic variation with target …


Tunable Pairing With Local Spin-Dependent Rydberg Molecule Potentials In An Atomic Fermi Superfluid, Chih Chun Chien, Seth T. Rittenhouse, S. I. Mistakidis, H. R. Sadeghpour Apr 2025

Tunable Pairing With Local Spin-Dependent Rydberg Molecule Potentials In An Atomic Fermi Superfluid, Chih Chun Chien, Seth T. Rittenhouse, S. I. Mistakidis, H. R. Sadeghpour

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We explore the energy spectrum and eigenstates of two-component atomic Fermi superfluids with tunable pairing interactions in the presence of spin-dependent ultralong-range Rydberg molecule (ULRM) potentials, within the Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism. The attractive ULRM potentials lead to local-density accumulation, while their difference results in a local polarization potential and induces the in-gap Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) states whose energies lie below the bulk energy gap. A transition from equal population to population imbalance occurs as the pairing strength falls below a critical value, accompanied by the emergence of local Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO)-like states characterized by out-of-phase wave functions and lower energies compared to …


Radiative Energy And Mass Shifts Of Quantum Cyclotron States, Ulrich D. Jentschura Apr 2025

Radiative Energy And Mass Shifts Of Quantum Cyclotron States, Ulrich D. Jentschura

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Abstract: We discuss relativistic and radiative corrections to the energies of quantum cyclotron states. In particular, it is shown analytically that the leading logarithmic radiative (self-energy) correction to the bound-state energy levels of quantum cyclotron states is state independent and must be interpreted as a magnetic field-dependent correction to the electron's mass in a Penning trap.


Influence Of The Impact Parameter For Ionization Of Argon By Fast Positrons And Electrons On The Postcollision Kinematics And Triply Differential Spectra, Robert D. Dubois, K. Tokési Apr 2025

Influence Of The Impact Parameter For Ionization Of Argon By Fast Positrons And Electrons On The Postcollision Kinematics And Triply Differential Spectra, Robert D. Dubois, K. Tokési

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Classical trajectory Monte Carlo calculations for fast positron and electron impact ionization of argon are used to provide information about how the pre- and post collision kinematics alter the triply differential spectra. It is shown that in addition to the scattering direction expected for a positive or negative projectile passing near a partially screened nuclear charge, scattering in the opposite direction also occurs. Independent of energy transfer, when the impact parameter is less than the mean radius of the 3p electron cloud, the expected direction of scattering always occurs. In contrast, for scattering in the opposite direction, the impact parameter …


Silverrush. Xiv. Lyα Luminosity Functions And Angular Correlation Functions From 20,000 Lyα Emitters At Z ∼ 2.2-7.3 From Up To 24 Deg2 Hsc-Ssp And Chorus Surveys: Linking The Postreionization Epoch To The Heart Of Reionization, Hiroya Umeda, Masami Ouchi, Satoshi Kikuta, Yuichi Harikane, Yoshiaki Ono, Takatoshi Shibuya, Akio K. Inoue, Kazuhiro Shimasaku, Yongming Liang, Akinori Matsumoto, Shun Saito, Haruka Kusakabe, Yuta Kageura Apr 2025

Silverrush. Xiv. Lyα Luminosity Functions And Angular Correlation Functions From 20,000 Lyα Emitters At Z ∼ 2.2-7.3 From Up To 24 Deg2 Hsc-Ssp And Chorus Surveys: Linking The Postreionization Epoch To The Heart Of Reionization, Hiroya Umeda, Masami Ouchi, Satoshi Kikuta, Yuichi Harikane, Yoshiaki Ono, Takatoshi Shibuya, Akio K. Inoue, Kazuhiro Shimasaku, Yongming Liang, Akinori Matsumoto, Shun Saito, Haruka Kusakabe, Yuta Kageura

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We present luminosity functions (LFs) and angular correlation functions (ACFs) derived from 18,960 Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z = 2.2−7.3 over a wide survey area of ≲24 deg2 that are identified in the narrowband data of the HSC-SSP and CHORUS surveys. Confirming the large sample with 241 spectroscopically identified LAEs, we determine Lyα LFs and ACFs in the brighter luminosity range down to 0.5L⋆, and confirm that our measurements are consistent with previous studies but offer significantly reduced statistical uncertainties. The improved precision of our ACFs allows us to clearly detect one-halo terms at some redshifts, and provides large-scale …