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Articles 31 - 60 of 1816
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Influence Of Political Media On Large Language Models: Impacts On Information Synthesis, Reasoning, And Demographic Representation, Alexander Glenn Shaw
The Influence Of Political Media On Large Language Models: Impacts On Information Synthesis, Reasoning, And Demographic Representation, Alexander Glenn Shaw
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis investigates the impact of finetuning the LLaMA 33B language model on partisan news datasets, revealing negligible changes and underscoring the enduring influence of pretraining datasets on model opinions. Training nine models across nine distinct news datasets spanning three topics and two ideologies, the study found consistent demographic representation, predominantly favoring liberal, college-educated, high-income, and non-religious demographics. Interestingly, a depolarizing effect emerged from partisan news finetuning, suggesting that intense exposure to topic-specific information might lead to depolarization, irrespective of ideological alignment. Despite the exposure to contrasting viewpoints, LLaMA 33B maintained its common sense reasoning ability, showing minimal variance on …
Separation Of Perrhenate And Perfluoroalkyl Substances By Ion Chromatography With Customized Stationary Phases, Wai Ning Chan
Separation Of Perrhenate And Perfluoroalkyl Substances By Ion Chromatography With Customized Stationary Phases, Wai Ning Chan
Theses and Dissertations
Ion exchange chromatography (IC) is an analytical technique used to separate charged molecules including ions, proteins, small nucleotides, and amino acids. It can function in anion or cation mode. In this dissertation, anion exchange chromatography was used, and column materials were made in our lab with resorcinarene-based compounds called cavitands. Cavitands create cavities to bind to molecules because of their three-dimensional structure. Two new gradient IC methods were established to identify and quantify perrhenate and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) by customized resorcinarene-based column, zinc cyclen resoecinarene (ZCR) and arginine methyl ester (RUE) columns. The ZCR column accomplished outstanding separation of perrhenate …
Terahertz From Electrons, Electronics From Terahertz, Clayton D. Moss
Terahertz From Electrons, Electronics From Terahertz, Clayton D. Moss
Theses and Dissertations
Time-domain terahertz spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is a valuable technique for studying collective ultrafast phenomena. Several mechanisms exist for converting ultrashort optical laser pulses into coherent THz sources. Broadband THz pulses can be obtained from electron currents in air plasma, which requires combinations of different colors of light to be most effective. I report multi-color generation schemes of THz pulses that deliver coherent THz output. Experimental and theoretical work using the photocurrent model describe ways to use non-harmonic color combinations to utilize several sources of light available in a table-top laser setup. Additionally, THz-TDS is used to study a variety of ultrafast …
Improved Endmember Mixing Analysis (Emma): Application To A Nested Catchment, Provo River, Northern Utah, Alyssa Nicole Thompson
Improved Endmember Mixing Analysis (Emma): Application To A Nested Catchment, Provo River, Northern Utah, Alyssa Nicole Thompson
Theses and Dissertations
An endmember mixing analysis (EMMA) is a hydrograph separation technique used to identify and quantify stream source contributions, but the error within the results of the analysis itself can be difficult to quantify. Employing EMMA to accurately quantify these contributions is particularly important for critical watersheds that supply water to large populations, such as montane watersheds. We applied EMMA to the Provo River, a nested catchment with three monitoring locations in northern Utah, to understand the limitations and potential improvements that could be made to EMMA. Four main endmembers (quartzite groundwater, soil water, snow and carbonate groundwater) were identified for …
Exploring New Horizons In Microwave-Promoted Iminyl Radical Chemistry And Synthesis Of Bulky Dehydroamino Acids, Jatinder Singh
Exploring New Horizons In Microwave-Promoted Iminyl Radical Chemistry And Synthesis Of Bulky Dehydroamino Acids, Jatinder Singh
Theses and Dissertations
The first project in this dissertation presents a simplified and efficient protocol for synthesizing pyrrolines through 5-exo iminyl radical cyclizations. The microwave irradiation of O-Phenyloximes tethered to alkenes causes N-O homolysis resulting in iminyl radical generation, which subsequently undergoes 5-exo-trig cyclizations furnishing pyrrolines. This eliminates the need for toxic radical initiators (AIBN, benzoyl peroxide), propagating agents (Bu3SnH, (Me3Si)3SiH), and expensive catalysts or single-electron transfer (SET) cycles. We explored the scope of diverse traps and substrates for iminyl radical cyclizations. The iminyl radical cyclizations formed versatile pyrrolines with moderate to excellent yields. The diastereoselectivity also ranged from low to high. Moreover, …
Improving Xrd Analysis With Machine Learning, Rachel E. Drapeau
Improving Xrd Analysis With Machine Learning, Rachel E. Drapeau
Theses and Dissertations
X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) is an inexpensive method to quantify the relative proportions of mineral phases in a rock or soil sample. However, the analytical software available for XRD requires extensive user input to choose phases to include in the analysis. Consequently, analysis accuracy depends greatly on the experience of the analyst, especially as the number of phases in a sample increases (Raven & Self, 2017; Omotoso, 2006). The purpose of this project is to test whether incorporating machine learning methods into XRD software can improve the accuracy of analyses by assisting in the phase-picking process. In order to provide …
Geochemistry Of Zircon And Apatite In Rhyolites From The Central Snake River Plain: Genetic Implications, Chesley Philip Gale
Geochemistry Of Zircon And Apatite In Rhyolites From The Central Snake River Plain: Genetic Implications, Chesley Philip Gale
Theses and Dissertations
Whole-rock and mineral compositions of three eruptive deposits from the Twin Falls caldera, associated with the Yellowstone hotspot, provide a window into melt generation and evolution for hot, dry, A-type rhyolites. Three rhyolitic units were sampled via the Kimberly drill-core as a part of project HOTSPOT, a study focused on mantle plume and continental lithosphere interaction. Previous work has been done to collect high resolution U-Pb zircon ages, and Hf- and O-isotopic compositions. This study examined the geochemistry of apatite and zircon along with host rock compositions in the context of this previous work. The Kimberly core sampled the Shoshone …
Semantically Structured Creative Computer Systems & Automated Evaluation Of Creative Artifacts, Brad Spendlove
Semantically Structured Creative Computer Systems & Automated Evaluation Of Creative Artifacts, Brad Spendlove
Theses and Dissertations
Computational creativity seeks, in part, to develop autonomous agents that exhibit creativity. Language is an ideal creative domain for studying computer agents due to its rich interconnectedness and immense space of possible combinations. This dissertation explores the design, testing, and theory of creative computer systems that write microfiction and play the board game Codenames. The designs of these systems are all similarly based on building up creative artifacts from the underlying structure of the relationships between words. A critical component of the creative process is the ability to evaluate the quality of creative output. Human and automated assessment of our …
Groundwater Flow Across The Coyote Wash Fault And Cedar Mesa Anticline Near St. Johns, Arizona, Stephanie Lynn Latour
Groundwater Flow Across The Coyote Wash Fault And Cedar Mesa Anticline Near St. Johns, Arizona, Stephanie Lynn Latour
Theses and Dissertations
As the demand for water increases across the southwestern United States, the region's utilization of and dependence on water stored in groundwater aquifers has risen in kind. The Coconino Aquifer (C-aquifer) underlies much of the southwestern Colorado Plateau and is a primary source of groundwater in northeastern Arizona. One of the largest commercial users of water from the C-aquifer in Apache County, Arizona, is Springerville Generating Station, a coal-fired power plant owned and operated by Tucson Electric Power. The area surrounding the power plant, located between the cities of Springerville and St. Johns, Arizona (the Springerville-St. Johns area), is geologically …
Parents' Perceptions Of The Importance Of Teaching Mathematics: A Q-Study, Ashlynn M. Holley
Parents' Perceptions Of The Importance Of Teaching Mathematics: A Q-Study, Ashlynn M. Holley
Theses and Dissertations
Mathematics education has gone through multiple reform efforts over the last century and continues to be the target of improvement efforts. Past changes in curriculum and goals have sometimes led to heated debates between various stakeholders. Knowing the views of different stakeholders can help determine what common ground there is between these different groups and where areas of disagreement might arise. Parents are especially important to understand because they have been influential in past reform efforts. Despite the importance of parents' opinions, little research has been conducted concerning their perspectives on the importance of mathematics teaching. Using Q-methodology, I was …
Engagement In Secondary Mathematics Group Work: A Student Perspective, Rachel H. Jorgenson
Engagement In Secondary Mathematics Group Work: A Student Perspective, Rachel H. Jorgenson
Theses and Dissertations
In the realm of academic engagement research, students are valuable sources of information to learn how and why students often engage unproductively in mathematics group work. However, although secondary mathematics students are often expected to engage in meaningful mathematical discourse in a small group setting, little research has been conducted to better understand student engagement in this setting from the perspective of the students themselves. This thesis attempts to understand how one junior high student described his own engagement in mathematics small group work as well as what factors influenced this engagement. By conducting several cycles of observations and interviews …
A Step Into Structural Biology: Structural Determination Of Tnk1-Uba And Computational Design Of A Radical Sam Cyclase, Yi-Jie Tseng
A Step Into Structural Biology: Structural Determination Of Tnk1-Uba And Computational Design Of A Radical Sam Cyclase, Yi-Jie Tseng
Theses and Dissertations
Structural biology uncovers life's secrets by studying protein structures via techniques like X-ray crystallography. This knowledge drives advancements in protein engineering for the improvement of human lives. Yet, obtaining high-quality crystals in X-ray crystallography is challenging. To overcome this, we used Translocation ETS Leukemia protein Sterile Alpha Motif domain (TELSAM), a promising polymer-forming crystallization chaperone (PFCC), to enhance protein crystallization. Human thirty-eight-negative kinase-1 (TNK1), a key player in cancer progression, possess a ubiquitin association (UBA) domain that binds polyubiquitin and regulates TNK1 activity and stability. Although sequence analysis hints at an unconventional TNK1 UBA domain architecture, its molecular structure lacks …
More Is Better Than One: The Effect Of Ensembling On Deep Learning Performance In Biochemical Prediction Problems, Jacob A. Stern
More Is Better Than One: The Effect Of Ensembling On Deep Learning Performance In Biochemical Prediction Problems, Jacob A. Stern
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis presents two papers addressing important biochemical prediction challenges. The first paper focuses on accurate protein distance predictions and introduces updates to the ProSPr network. We evaluate its performance in the Critical Assessment of techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP14) competition, investigating its accuracy dependence on sequence length and multiple sequence alignment depth. The ProSPr network, an ensemble of three convolutional neural networks (CNNs), demonstrates superior performance compared to individual networks. The second paper addresses the issue of accurate ligand ranking in virtual screening for drug discovery. We propose MILCDock, a machine learning consensus docking tool that leverages predictions …
Practicing Mathematics Teachers' Perspectives Of Public Records In Their Classrooms, Sini Nicole White Graff
Practicing Mathematics Teachers' Perspectives Of Public Records In Their Classrooms, Sini Nicole White Graff
Theses and Dissertations
While media displays exist in every mathematics classroom, these displays may have been taken for granted by teachers and researchers in terms of their potential use and impact on learning. This study looks at how three practicing mathematics teachers with differing teaching styles and experience levels view and use these media displays in their classrooms. This research shows how the relationship between a teachers' perceptions of media displays for showing mathematics are closely tied to their own beliefs regarding teaching and learning. Findings for this study can provide researchers with a starting place to see how teachers perceive and talk …
Ultracold Neutral Plasma Evolution In An External Magnetic Field, Chanhyun Pak
Ultracold Neutral Plasma Evolution In An External Magnetic Field, Chanhyun Pak
Theses and Dissertations
We study the expansion velocity and ion temperature evolution of ultracold neutral plasmas (UNPs) of calcium atoms under the influence of a uniform magnetic field that ranges up to 200 G. In the experiments, we use a magneto-optical trap (MOT) to capture the neutral atoms and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to take images of the plasma. We vary the magnetic field strengths and the initial electron temperatures and observe the plasma evolution in time. We compare the ion temperature evolution to the theory introduced in the paper by Pohl et. al. [Phys. Rev. A 70, 033416 (2004)]. The evolution of the …
Acoustic Directivity: Advances In Acoustic Center Localization, Measurement Optimization, Directional Modeling, And Sound Power Spectral Estimation, Samuel David Bellows
Acoustic Directivity: Advances In Acoustic Center Localization, Measurement Optimization, Directional Modeling, And Sound Power Spectral Estimation, Samuel David Bellows
Theses and Dissertations
Sound radiation from an acoustic source typically exhibits directional behavior, as is the case for the human voice, musical instruments, and loudspeakers, to name just a few. The necessity of directional data for many applications, such as sound source modeling, microphone placement, room acoustical design, and auralization, motivates directivity measurements. However, these measurements require careful understanding and implementation to produce the most meaningful results. Accordingly, this dissertation addresses several topics relevant to directivity theory, measurement, processing, and application. It first expands and amends previously published concepts of an acoustic source center and demonstrates the close relationship between the center and …
Reconstructing Historical Earthquake-Induced Tsunamis: Case Study Of 1852 Event Using The Adjoint Method Combined With Hmc, Chelsey Noorda
Reconstructing Historical Earthquake-Induced Tsunamis: Case Study Of 1852 Event Using The Adjoint Method Combined With Hmc, Chelsey Noorda
Theses and Dissertations
Seismic hazard analysis aims to estimate human risk due to natural disasters such as earthquakes. To improve seismic hazard analysis, our group is focused on earthquake induced tsunamis and the use of statistical models to reconstruct historical earthquakes. Based on the estimated wave heights given in anecdotal historical descriptions, we created observational probability distributions to model the historically recorded observations and constructed a prior distribution on the relevant earthquake parameters based on known seismicity of a given region. Then we used the software package GeoClaw, and a Metropolis-Hastings sampler to obtain a posterior distribution of earthquake parameters that most closely …
Design, Synthesis And Immunological Testing Of Minimal Oligosaccharide Epitopes For Glycoconjugate Vaccines Targeting Capsular Polysaccharides Of Serotypes 3, 4, 7f And 9v Of Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Seth A. Taylor
Theses and Dissertations
The rise in antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria has led to the need for new methods of combatting bacterial infection. Since the surfaces of bacteria are covered in uniquely patterned capsular polysaccharides, vaccines targeting these polysaccharides have become a popular field of research for protection against pathogenic bacteria. Though licensed polysaccharide vaccines are commercially available, they lack the efficiency to protect patients that are immunocompromised or at high risk because they elicit T cell independent immune responses, resulting in low-affinity antibodies. To elicit a T cell dependent response and thereby recruit B cells that produce high-affinity antibodies, a vaccine was …
Investigating The Use Of Translational Methods To Characterize Therapeutic Interventions In Models Of Pulmonary Disease, Ashley Rae Chang
Investigating The Use Of Translational Methods To Characterize Therapeutic Interventions In Models Of Pulmonary Disease, Ashley Rae Chang
Theses and Dissertations
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease with no known cause or cure. IPF has an incidence of 75/1,000,000 of the population, predominately in men over the age of 60. This relatively rare disease develops in a chronic and progressive way, ultimately leading to death within two to five years of diagnosis. Our use of translatable methodologies in the bleomycin mouse model of IPF led to the novel identification of the similarities between the average percent loss of lung function in previous human clinical trials to that of our mouse model data. There is no treatment for IPF …
Soft Contact Lens Tear Film Proteomics For Clinical Diagnostic Biomarker Discovery, Robert Kimball Roden
Soft Contact Lens Tear Film Proteomics For Clinical Diagnostic Biomarker Discovery, Robert Kimball Roden
Theses and Dissertations
Human tear film is an accessible biospecimen rich with useful biological information. As tear protein biomarkers for both ocular and systemic diseases have been identified in tears, efforts are being made to create point-of-care tests useful for clinical diagnoses. However, there are significant obstacles to tear diagnostics, including inadequate sampling methods and biomarkers with insufficient sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, tear film diagnostics are particularly challenging for dry eye disease (DED) patients, where low tear volume makes sampling more difficult and the multifactorial nature of DED makes identifying the exact pathological subtype very complex. As soft contact lenses (SCLs) are designed …
Exploring Surface Silanization And Characterization Of Thin Films: From Surface Passivation To Microstructural Characterization Of Porous Silicon/Silica, And Exploratory Data Analysis Of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Images, Behnam Moeini
Theses and Dissertations
Surface chemistry plays a key role in science and technology because materials interact with their environments through their surfaces. Understanding surface chemistry can help alter/improve the properties of materials. However, surface characterization and modification often require multiple characterization and synthesis techniques. Silicon/silica-based materials are technologically important, so studying their surface properties can enable future advancements. In this dissertation, I explore surface modification and characterization of different types of Si/SiO2 thin films, including silicon wafers, fused silica capillary columns, and oblique angle sputtered Si/SiO2 thin films. In Chapters 2-5, I first present a method to rapidly silanize silica surfaces using a …
The Target Model For Genealogical Networks, Kolton Baldwin
The Target Model For Genealogical Networks, Kolton Baldwin
Theses and Dissertations
Several large-scale projects including FamilySearch, Ancestry, BALSAC (University of Quebec), and others have gathered incredible amounts of genealogical data ranging from millions to billions of individuals. To study the structure of this data, we propose a model that generates a genealogical network based on real-world genealogical data using two key features: (i) geodesic distance between couples prior to union and (ii) the number of children per couple. The distribution of the distance to a couples' nearest common ancestor in an observed community captures the global scale at which biological cycles form in the underlying genealogical network. Similarly, the number of …
Conodont Sequence Biostratigraphy Of The Upper Honaker Trail Formation, Cheyenne Autumn Pratt
Conodont Sequence Biostratigraphy Of The Upper Honaker Trail Formation, Cheyenne Autumn Pratt
Theses and Dissertations
The Paradox Basin is a northwest-southeast trending intracratonic basin that formed in southwestern Colorado, southeastern Utah and adjacent parts of Arizona and New Mexico during the late Paleozoic Era. During rise of the adjacent Uncompahgre Uplift (Ancestral Rocky Mountains), the rapidly subsiding basin was filled with over 2000 m of Permo-Pennsylvanian sediments that reflect a complex interplay of changing tectonic, paleoecological, and climatic conditions that resulted in cyclic packages of mixed lowstand and non-marine siliciclastics and highstand shallow-platform carbonates. The 150 m-thick Honaker Trail formation straddles the transition from mostly marine carbonates to mostly non-marine siliciclastics on the southwest shelf …
Optimal Ordering To Maximize Mev Arbitrage, Granton Michael White
Optimal Ordering To Maximize Mev Arbitrage, Granton Michael White
Theses and Dissertations
The rise of cryptocurrencies has brought with it new math problems with new sets of constraints. The MEV problem entails solving for the ordering of pending trades that maximizes a block creator's profit. In decentralized finance, time is a big constraint, so an exhaustive search of all possible orderings is impossible. I propose a solution to the MEV problem that gives a near optimal result that can be solved in a reasonable amount of time. I layout the method and the formulas required for my solution. Additionally, I test my solution on synthesized data to show that it works as …
Hamiltonian Monte Carlo For Reconstructing Historical Earthquake-Induced Tsunamis, Jacob Paul Callahan
Hamiltonian Monte Carlo For Reconstructing Historical Earthquake-Induced Tsunamis, Jacob Paul Callahan
Theses and Dissertations
In many areas of the world, seismic hazards pose a great risk to both human and natural populations. In particular, earthquake-induced tsunamis are especially dangerous to many areas in the Pacific. The study and quantification of these seismic events can both help scientists better understand how these natural hazards occur and help at-risk populations make better preparations for these events. However, many events of interest occurred too long ago to be recorded by modern instruments, so data on these earthquakes are sparse and unreliable. To remedy this, a Bayesian method for reconstructing the source earthquakes for these historical tsunamis based …
A Structural Analysis Of The Simpson Mountains, Hyrum A. Briscoe
A Structural Analysis Of The Simpson Mountains, Hyrum A. Briscoe
Theses and Dissertations
The Simpson Mountains have long been of economic interest and have renewed interest in their potential value. Field mapping of the project area redefined structural relationships between stratigraphic units. Geometric and kinematic analysis of structures in the Simpson Mountains show the range is deformed by the three most recent tectonic events: the Sevier Orogeny, the Laramide Orogeny, and Basin and Range Extension. Laramide structures define the range with a significant E-W normal fault and an E-W thrust fault, which are both likely related to Eocene-age igneous intrusions. Principal component analysis (PCA) of regional quartzite X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) data resulted in …
Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterium Correlation With Geochemical Characteristics Of Soil And Basalt In Hawaii, Leeza Marie Wells
Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterium Correlation With Geochemical Characteristics Of Soil And Basalt In Hawaii, Leeza Marie Wells
Theses and Dissertations
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) cause opportunistic lung disease though environmental exposure pathways. Among the United States, Hawaii has a significantly higher infection rate. Preliminary studies have shown certain environmental factors, such as phosphorus and other select soil geochemical characteristics, to be statistically significant to NTM occurrence. However, a model to predict NTM occurrence based on soil geochemistry had yet to be attempted. A selection of 40 NTM positive and 40 NTM negative soils from Oahu were selected for a geochemical analysis to search for possible correlations to mineralogy and elemental abundances that may promote, or inhibit, NTM growth in the environment. …
Recommending Answers To Math Questions Using Kl-Divergence And The Approximate Xml Tree Matching Approach, Siqi Gao
Theses and Dissertations
Mathematics is the science and study of quality, structure, space, and change. It seeks out patterns, formulates new conjectures, and establishes the truth by rigorous deduction from appropriately chosen axioms and definitions. The study of mathematics makes a person better at solving problems. It gives someone skills that (s)he can use across other subjects and apply in many different job roles. In the modern world, builders use mathematics every day to do their work, since construction workers add, subtract, divide, multiply, and work with fractions. It is obvious that mathematics is a major contributor to many areas of study. For …
A Method Of Reconstructing Historical Destructive Landslides Using Bayesian Inference, Raelynn Wonnacott
A Method Of Reconstructing Historical Destructive Landslides Using Bayesian Inference, Raelynn Wonnacott
Theses and Dissertations
Along with being one of the most populated regions of the world, Indonesia has one of the highest natural disaster rates worldwide. One such natural disaster that Indonesia is particularly prone to are tsunamis. Tsunamis are primarily caused by earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides and debris flows. To effectively allocate resources and create emergency plans we need an understanding of the risk factors of the region. Understanding the source events of destructive tsunamis of the past are critical to understanding the these risk factors. We expand upon previous work focusing on earthquake-generated tsunamis to consider landslide-generated tsunamis. Using Bayesian inference and modern …
"I Think They're Poisoning My Mind": Understanding The Motivations Of People Who Have Voluntarily Adopted Secure Email, Warda Usman
Theses and Dissertations
Secure email systems that use end-to-end encryption are the best method we have for ensuring user privacy and security in email communication. However, the adoption of secure email remains low, with previous studies suggesting mainly that secure email is too complex or inconvenient to use. However, the perspectives of those who have, in fact, chosen to use an encrypted email system are largely overlooked. To understand these perspectives, we conducted a semi-structured interview study that aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mindsets underlying adoption and use of secure email services. Our participants come from a variety of countries …