Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Stretching The Mouse Control Dollar, John E. Crumpacker

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

One of the biggest problems In our mouse control program at H. F. and T. B. Byrd, Inc. in Timberville, Virginia Is keeping a palatable bait before the voles until the bait can be accepted. For years we used labor needed for pruning to place an expensive bait only to be impeded by wet weather that molded the bait.

This year an effort is being made to keep the bait in good condition and before the target animal for a longer time. We cut old car tires (not steel belted) given to us by a local distributor and rented his …

Rodenticide Use In Apple Orchards, Walter L. Ferguson

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The preliminary data presented in this paper were obtained from the 1978 Survey of Pesticide Use on Deciduous Fruits (Figure 1). The survey was conducted by the Economics, Statistics and Cooperatives Service, USDA.

The purpose of this paper is to present information on: (1) rodenticides used in controlling meadow and pine voles, (2) method and timing of applications and type of coverage, (3) tree losses due to vole injury by region, and (4) growers perceived efficacy of chemicals versus cultural and mechanical controls. These data are based on the aggregated responses of the surveyed apple producers.

Induction Of Abortion By Strange Males In Pine Vole Females That Are: 1) Ten Days Pregnant Or 2) Pregnant And Lactating, Margaret H. Schadler, Barbara J. Gauger

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Pregnant voles react to the presence of unfamiliar males by aborting the offspring they are carrying, entering estrus and mating with these new males. This phenomenon was first described in pine voles by Marks and Schadler (1979). At that time we reported that 84% of females that were four days along in their first pregnancy were induced by strange males to reject their embryos. These findings encouraged us to continue our investigations and this paper reports results on the abortion response caused by strange males in females ten days along in their first pregnancy (Experiment I) and on experienced pine …

Disposition Of The Endrin Rpar, Lawrence S. Ebner, Harvey S. Gold

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Following a comprehensive three-year Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration ("RPAR") review of endrin, on July 25, 1979 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency announced its decision to continue federal approval of endrin for control of pine voles in the East and meadow voles in the West among other uses. See 44 Fed. Reg. 43,637-8. The Agency concluded that with additional safety precautions and procedures, endrin can be applied safely and effectively, and that the benefits of usage outweigh any risks. The stringent new safe¬guards being required by EPA, including new usage restrictions and directions, equipment specifications, and warnings to female applicators, are …

Preliminary Field Observations Of Meadow Vole Preferences Among Selected Apple Clones, Karen Pearson, J. N. Cummins, John Barnard

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Damage by voles has continued to be a major cause of tree mortality American orchards despite nearly universal use of herbicides and rodenticide. (1,7). To reduce damage done by voles in infested orchards, one valuable tool could be use of a stock system that voles found highly unattractive. Having such stock systems in place would be particularly valuable during periods when the orchardist could neither bait nor spray for control.

A cooperative VPI/Cornell research project initiated in 1974 identified a few cultivars with relatively high levels of resistance to pine voles, as expressed in free-choice tests under laboratory conditions. This …

Apple Tree Mortality, Rate And Causes, William T. Sullivan Jr., Turner B. Sutton, Don W. Hayne

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

In a randomly selected sample of 47 orchard blocks in Henderson County, North Carolina, over two years, the average annual mortality rate for apple trees was 1.0 percent with probably a little less than half of this caused by voles.

Pine Vole Control In 1979 Field Plots, Ross E. Byers

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Broadcast treatments of Volak (Brodifacoum) applied at rates of approx. 20 lbs/acre gave 98% control of voles when active ingredient levels were from 0.005% to 0.0005% in the bait. Of the two Rozol (Chlorophacinone)formulations tested, the French (Lipha) pelleted formulation appeared to be slightly better than what is currently being marketed in the USA. The Maki (Bromodialone) bait formulated in the same wax bait carrier as the Rozol-USA gave no better control than Rozol. Ramik-Brown (Diphacinone) did not appear to be as good as the other anticoagulants tested when applied either as a broad¬cast or as a hand placed bait. …

Current Research Related To Pine And Meadow Vole Damage Control, Mark H. Merson, Ross E. Byers

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

This paper will outline some of the research related to pine and meadow vole damage control which is currently underway at the Winchester Fruit Research Laboratory and outline some of the areas which we will be pursuing in the future. One question which must be answered whenever a chemical is used to control a pest organism is how that chemical is impacting non-target organisms. A study was initiated in the fall of 1979, with the objective of determining by use of radiotelemetry the fates of birds of prey in the vicinity of orchards treated with Brodifacoum, an anticoagulant rodenticide. A …

Seasonal Forage Availability In Relation To Energy Requirements Of Pine Voles In Two Orchard Types, R. L. Lochmiller, J. B. Whelan, R. L. Kirkpatrick

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Results from previous work on pine vole populations and habitat interactions (Cengel et a1. 1978; Noffsinger 1976) suggested that pine vole populations were quite sensitive to seasonal changes in the quantity, species composition, and nutritive value of available forage. This conclusion was based on decreases in both reproductive performance and physical condition of pine voles collected from abandoned orchards in the fall as compared to voles taken from maintained orchards during the same season. Utilizing information from these investigations, a "follow-up" study was designed to investigate food availability and nutrient composition, food consumption, food digestibility, and energy requirements of pine …

Access Of Compounds To The Vomeronasal Organ In Pine And Meadow Voles, Charles J. Wysocki, Gary K. Beauchamp, Susan Erisman

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Neuroendocrine responses play a critical role in reproduction in every mammalian species, including voles (Richmond S. Stehn, 1976). Disruption of these normal responses can result in: (1) abnormal sexual maturation; (2) abnormal or absent female cycles; (3) pseudopregnancy; (4) blocked pregnancies; or (5) the total absence of courtship and mating. Each of these factors in turn plays a considerable role in population dynamics, especially population density. Therefore, mechanisms which disrupt normal neuroendocrine function could affect population dynamics and reduce population density by affecting changes in one or many of these reproductive processes.

Initial Results Of Chemical Inhibitors And Photoperiodic Influences On Growth And Reproduction In Microtus Pennsylvanicus, Jack A. Cranford, David H. Pistole, Terry L. Derting

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Recently Berger et al. (1977) have demonstrated reproductive in¬hibition in Microtus montanus as a result of specific plant compounds in natural vegetation. Naturally occurring cinnamic acids and their related vinyl phenols have been demonstrated to have marked effects on uterine weight, inhibition of follicular development and cessation of breeding activity. Compounds having antigonadotrophic and antithryo-tropic activities have been identified in a wide variety of plants (Chury 1967). Bickoff et al. (1959) report that alfalfa contained a non-estrogenic compound which would over ride the estrogenic effect of the plant estrogen coumestrol. Adler (1962) demonstrated that a non-estrogenic compound in alfalfa could …

Movement Types And Weather Correlates In Free-Ranging Meadow Voles, Dale M. Madison

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) were radiotracked in their natural environment from June through August 1974, 1975 and 1978. Four different types of movement were observed: residency, shifting, wandering and dispersal. Next to the residency pattern, wandering was the most common form of movement and probably was important during breeding activities. Dispersal was a rare event and is probably confused with wandering in the existing literature.

A total of 17 weather variables were analyzed for correlations with vole movement. Male voles showed a distinct tendency to move more widely during periods of dry weather. The latter was attributed to …

Textural And Taste Influences On Gnawing By Pine Voles, Lynette A. Geyer, James N. Cummins

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Pine voles and meadow voles exhibited differential preferences for various Malus clones. When damage to dormant stems in a 24-hr test was assessed by either a graded damage scale or percentage consumption by weight, pine voles preferred Golden Delicious, M.9, and M.26 and consistently avoided M.x sublobata PI 286613 ("613") and related clones and Robusta 5. Dehydrating stems magnified the disparity among cultivars, as attractive stems continued to suffer extensive damage, while 613 became even less palatable. In the autumn phase all varieties showed increased acceptance. Meadow voles, like pine voles, exhibited differential acceptance of cultivars, but their preferences differed …

Results Of A Bioassay Technique For Ground-Sprayed Rodenticides, David H. Davis, William T. Sullivan Jr., Don H. Hayne

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

A laboratory test of toxicity to voles of toxicants sprayed. on a soil substrate was used. to test brodifacoum, chlorqphacinone and. endrin against pine voles. By this test, endrin was not as effective against meadow voles as against pine voles.

Update Of Pine Vole Research At The Kearneysville Experiment Farm, Roger S. Young

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

As reported in the 1979 Proceedings of the Third Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium, an air and ground broadcast and hand placement in runs and mouse-ateria bait stations (tubes) experiment was started on December 5, 1978. Treatments were to apply brodifacoum (Volak) at 10. 0 lb. /A and diphacinone (Ramik-Brown) at 10. 0 lb. and 20. 0 lb. /A air broadcast and 10. 0 lb. /A ground broadcast and hand placement. The air broadcast treatments were not evenly distributed. Ground catch of the air broadcast of brodifacoum resulted in one portion of the treated area receiving 24% more toxicant. …

Field Evaluation Of Candidate Rodenticide, Milo E. Richmond, Pamela N. Miller

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

During autumn of 1978 and 1979 the New York Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit continued its program of research and management aimed at the pine vole (Pitymys pinetorum) and meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus). Two herbicides, Ammate-X (E.I. Dupont de Nemours) and Kerb (Rhom S Haas Corp.) along with 4 candidate rodenticides, Bromadiolone and Chlorophacinone (Chempar Inc.), Volak (I.C.I. Chemicals Inc.) and zinc phosphide (Bell Laboratories Inc.) were tested in both orchard and laboratory situations. This work is being conducted in conjunction with a separate research unit project aimed at evaluating the potential of using populations of the …

Effective Vole Control With Zp Rodent Bait Ag, Edward F. Marshall

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Since the loss of DDT, Vacor (DPL 787) and other acute rodenticides and the serious use restrictions placed upon strychnine and 1080 for field use, it has become quite apparent that control of field rodents, more particular pine and meadow voles, with standard anticoagulants has become a difficult task, and in some instances impossible.

Bell Laboratories, Inc. has chosen to take a very serious look at many of the older compounds and rework and reformulate these compounds into palatable and efficacious finished baits. After 5 years of research and development. Bell Laboratories, Inc. has recently registered, with the Environmental Protection …

Registration List

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Registration List

Frontmatter & Contents For Proceedings Of The Fourth Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium, February 21-22, 1980

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Frontmatter and contents

Proceedings Of The Fourth Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium, February 21-22, 1980

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Entire Symposium

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE FOURTH EASTERN PINE AND MEADOW VOLE SYMPOSIUM
The Fourth Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium was held in Hendersonvi1le, North Carolina February 21 and 22, 1980 for the primary purpose of assessing the current status of research and extension pro¬grams relating to the problem of vole damage to fruit trees. The meeting was designed to be informative and to create an atmosphere whereby growers and various agencies such as EPA, USDA, USDI, the chemical industry and university personnel could observe the current thrust of vole research programs and their potential impact on future control methods. …

Management Model For Pine Voles: Preliminary Report, John F. Coyle, Alan R. Tipton

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The use of computer models in scientific research has grown by leaps and bounds in the past decade. One of the primary reasons for this growth is the increased realization that computers and more specifically computer models, can be useful tools in synthe¬sizing large amounts of information and providing insight into problem areas of research and management.

Numerous books and papers have been written on the justification for modeling, the philosophy of modeling, and model development and utilization. Recent reviews of small mammal population models are given by Conley and Nichols (1978) and Stenseth (1977). This paper will not address …

An Experimental Monitoring And Advisory Service In Orchard Vole Control, Don W. Hayne, William T. Sullivan Jr.

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The North Carolina integrated, pest and. orchard, management project (IPOMS) has moved, from the data-gathering phase into an experimental information delivery system. We present here for possible comment the •written directions for vole monitoring that we prepared, for use by the orchard, specialists who will implement the monitoring and advisory system.

IPOMS started, in 1976 as a joint effort of a number of subject matter departments under the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service. A brief description of this cooperative effort of horticulturists, entomologists, plant pathologists, economists, zoologists and soil and weed. scientists has been presented to this group (Hayne 1978). …

A Guide To The Threatened And Endangered Vascular Plants Of The Lake Mead National Recreation Area, James S. Holland, Wesley E. Niles, Charles L. Douglas, Dennis R. Schramm

Publications (WR)

This illustrated guide was prepared to provide the botanical community, land managers, and other interested persons with a reference that describes and locates the twelve plant taxa currently being considered by the Fish and Wildlife Service for threatened or endangered status in or around the Lake Mead National Recreation Area. The guide is intended to assist managers of government agencies in determining the presence of these species and in defining management programs for their protection. The guide should be consulted prior to any construction project. If a potential conflict is identified, an onsite evaluation should be conducted early in the …

A Limnological Study Of 43 Selected Maine Lakes, Derrill J. Cowing, Matthew Scott

Maine Collection

A Limnological Study of 43 Selected Maine Lakes

by Derrill J. Cowing and Matthew Scott

U.S. Geological Survey : Water-Resources Investigations 80-69

Prepared in cooperation with the Maine Department of Environmental Protection

U.S. Geological Survey, 26 Ganneston Drive, August, Maine 04330

Botanical And Ecological Aspects Of Coastal Raised Peatlands In Maine : And Their Relevance To The Critical Areas Program Of The State Planning Office, Ian A. Worley

Maine Collection

Botanical and Ecological Aspects of Coastal Raised Peatlands in Maine : and Their Relevance to the Critical Areas Program of the State Planning Office.

by Ian A. Worley

A Report Prepared for the Maine Critical Areas Program, State Planning Office, 184 State Street, Augusta, Maine 04333.

Planning Report No. 69 (January 1980)

Contents: Foreword / Abstract / Table of Contents / List of Figures / List of Tables / Acknowledgements / Introduction / Natural History and Ecology of the Coastal Raised Peatlands / Selection of Coastal Peatlands Recommended for Evaluation by the Critical Areas Program / General Evaluation of Coastal …

Program Planning For Extension Wildlife Damage Control: Rodents, Edward K. Boggess

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Program planning is a necessary part of any educational program which is intended to progress in an orderly or logical manner. However, it must be realized that extension wildlife specialists often must deal with special sets of circumstances when it comes to resolving problems with wildlife. When faced with a particular damage problem, the wildlife specialist has two options: to act or to react. The choice of which course to take depends on the specific problem and on a number of related factors, such as uniqueness and severity of the problem and community attitudes.

Virginia Fisheries And The Environment: Proceedings, William & Mary Law School, Virginia Marine Resources Commission, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Law School Conferences: Ephemera

Held December 8, 1979 at the Colonial Williamsburg Lodge.

Funded by the Virginia Environmental Endowment. Sponsored by the Marshall-Wythe School of Law, with the cooperation of the Virginia Marine Resources Commission and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science.

Symposium Participants (in order of appearance): Perkins Wilson, L. Eugene Cronin, Luie Fass, Ivar Strand, Carl L. Herring, Jr., J.B. Jackson, Herbert M. Austin, James Chambers, Robert R. Huggett, Ronald Gregory, John Wedin, Turner Smith, Jackson Davis, William M. Feinberg, James F. McHugh, John M. DeMaria, Jr., N. Bartlett Theberge, Evelyn M. Hailey, Allen W. Haynie, and Thomas J. Schoenbaum.

Using Extension Methodology In Prairie Dog Management, Lloyd K. Cheatheam

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

At the turn of the century, Texas' 'black-tailed prairie dog was probably the State's most abundant wildlife species. Bailey estimated the population at 800,000,000 animals in 1905. He also described a single colony that was 100 miles wide and 250 miles long, from San Angelo, Texas to Clarendon, Texas. During this period, other authors described riding by horseback for several days through a single colony. Settlers of this area, wishing to raise cattle, had to first control the prairie dog. My good friend, G.IJ. "Shorty" Kennedy, a retired ranch foreman and an octgenarian, described these historical control methods to me.

The Challenge Of Cost-Benefit Determinations In Bird Damage Control Programs, Richard A. Dolbeer

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Birds cause damage to a variety of crops in North America and, at least for blackbirds feeding on corn, there are fairly accurate estimates of the amount of damage that occurs (Stone et al. 1972, Stickley et al. 1979). To combat these depredation problems, a variety of management tools (cultural methods, mechanical scare devices, chemical toxicants, and repellents)have been developed and are routinely recommended to farmers. Unfortunately, little effort has gone into examing the anticipated or actual losses in relation to the effectiveness and costs of the recommended damage control programs.

Control Of Urban Blackbird And Starling Roosts, Ron Ogden

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Blackbirds and starlings often establish large fall and winter roosts in areas where their presence is objectionable because of potential health, economic, and/or nuisance problems. Roosts of more than a million birds are not uncommon. Red-winged blackbirds (Agelphoeniceus), common grackles (Quiscalus cuiscula), brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) make up most of the roosts populations.