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The Red Eyed Turtle Dove (Streptopelia Semitorquata) As An Agricultural Pest In Nigeria, Modupe Akande
The Red Eyed Turtle Dove (Streptopelia Semitorquata) As An Agricultural Pest In Nigeria, Modupe Akande
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
Preliminary results compiled from visual observations and questionnaires indicated that a large variety of crops including soyabean, cowpea, groundnut, maize, rice, sorghum were attacked at planting and seedling stages of growth by the red-eyed turtle dove (Streptopelia semitorquata). The social conditions under which this bird is protected, by social taboos and also as an attractive and common household pet in many parts of Nigeria, limit the control options that could be used to stop its deleterious activities. In the meantime research efforts are being directed to the understanding of the population ecology and biology of the species as a prerequisite …
Predator Problems When Using Sheep And Goats In Managing Brush On Rangelands, James E. Bowns
Predator Problems When Using Sheep And Goats In Managing Brush On Rangelands, James E. Bowns
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
Rangelands occupy a large portion of the western United States and the world. Grazing by ruminant animals provides the only means of obtaining usable products from these lands. Sheep and goats are more efficient producers, better adapted to many ranges, and are useful in controlling or manipulating shrubs and other undesirable vegetation which results in improved range conditions and increased water yields. There has been a general decline in sheep and goat numbers and a shift toward cattle. Predation has been a major factor in the abandonment of many sheep and goat operations and the shift to other livestock. A …
Closing Remarks—Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Dell O. Clark
Closing Remarks—Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Dell O. Clark
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
Closing remarks
Current Improvements In Baiting Pine And Meadow Voles, Ross E. Byers, M.H. Merson
Current Improvements In Baiting Pine And Meadow Voles, Ross E. Byers, M.H. Merson
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
Excellent control of pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) and meadow voles (M. pennsylvanicus) was achieved with several commercially pelletized anticoagulant baits applied as single hand-placed or broadcast treatments. A new pelletized formulation of zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) was shown to kill approximately 30% more voles when compared to another surface-coated 2% Zn3P2 corn-and-oat formulation. Hand-placed cellophane or plastic-packaged rodenticides were effective when placed in vole runways under cinder blocks and split tires.
Rodent Control In Barbados, Charley O. Browne
Rodent Control In Barbados, Charley O. Browne
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
As a result of an increase in the number of cases of the disease, leptospirosis, occurring between the years 1961 and 1971, the Government of Barbados became concerned about this health problem. With assistance from Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) surveys were carried out with a hope of ascertaining the possible cause of the problem and to determine subsequent remedial action.
Development And Evaluation Of Methods To Reduce Rat Damage To Coconut In The Philippines, L.A. Fiedler, M.W. Fall, R.F. Reidinger Jr.
Development And Evaluation Of Methods To Reduce Rat Damage To Coconut In The Philippines, L.A. Fiedler, M.W. Fall, R.F. Reidinger Jr.
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
Based on findings from studies conducted in the Philippines over a span of almost a decade, primarily by scientists at the Philippine National Crop Protection Center, crown-baiting (wherein bait containing anticoagulant is placed monthly in the crowns of some palms in a coconut plantation), holds the potential of providing highly economical protection from rat damage. The success of the method in various field trials appeared related, in part, to selective removal of rodents that feed in the palms and to the use of baits that were preferred over growing nuts. Studies have also indicated that only 10% or less of …
Bromethalin—A Promising New Rodenticide, William B. Jackson, S.R. Spaulding, R.B.L. Van Lier, B.A. Dreikorn
Bromethalin—A Promising New Rodenticide, William B. Jackson, S.R. Spaulding, R.B.L. Van Lier, B.A. Dreikorn
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
Bromethalin is a unique highly potent rodenticide exhibiting a mode of action different from anticoagulant rodenticides. Bromethalin provides a lethal dose to rodents in a single feeding with death generally delayed two to three days. Rodents do not discriminate against bromethalin bait; therefore, excellent bait acceptance is achieved with no prebaiting. Field studies have shown bromethalin bait to be highly efficacious against Norway rats and house mice under a variety of field conditions. Laboratory and field trial data indicate bromethalin is effective against known anticoagulant–resistant rodent populations. Toxicological data indicate bromethalin bait is relatively safe to nontarget species as well …
Commensal Rats: A Threat To Poultry Production In Nigeria, Oluwadare Funmilayo
Commensal Rats: A Threat To Poultry Production In Nigeria, Oluwadare Funmilayo
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
Rats are now found in the majority of poultry houses in Nigeria. They usually inhabit roofs, interior of cupboards, electrical and gas appliances, holes in the soil and in walls and rubbish dumps. Extensive rat trapping yielded only two species, the cosmopolitan roof/ship rat (Rattus rattus) and the multimammate rat (Mastomys natalensis). The most outstanding types of damage, resulting in much economic loss, were the killing of chicks by decapitation and the infliction of deep wounds on adult birds. Breaking of eggs became a serious problem in a few cases. Damage to containers, bags and feed consumption was usually of …
Twentieth Anniversary Of Vertebrate Pest Conferences In California, Walter E. Howard
Twentieth Anniversary Of Vertebrate Pest Conferences In California, Walter E. Howard
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
It is difficult for some of us to realize that the Vertebrate Pest Conferences in California were started 20 years ago. We have come a long way since the first one in Sacramento in 1962 to the very successful 3-day Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (VPC) opened by Chairperson Rex E. Marsh on 23 February 1982, in Monterey, California. When closing the Tenth Conference, incoming Chairperson for the 1984 VPC, Dell 0. Clark, pointed out that there were easily 550 people in attendance from 31 states, District of Columbia, and 15 foreign countries.
Opening Remarks—The Conference’S Educational Mission In Vertebrate Pest Control, Rex E. Marsh
Opening Remarks—The Conference’S Educational Mission In Vertebrate Pest Control, Rex E. Marsh
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
Welcome to the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference. It has been 20 years since the First Vertebrate Pest Control Conference was held (Sacramento, California, 1962). The conference objectives which prevailed at the first conference have not changed. Our goal today continues to be the advancement of technology by an exchange and discussion of information on vertebrate pests and their control. The overall objective is education. The conference has grown from a local or state meeting into a national and international conference, from a 2-day to a 3-day event. In attendance it has grown from 268 at the first to what we …
Pigeon Control: An Integrated Approach, Colleen M. Martin, Lee R. Martin
Pigeon Control: An Integrated Approach, Colleen M. Martin, Lee R. Martin
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
Reducing a pigeon population to a tolerable or minimal impact level is a subject about which one can find much antiquated and impractical information. Most technical literature reports on the biology of pigeons and associated disease factors. The intention of this paper is to describe the practical application of large-scale pigeon population reduction programs that have been at least 90% effective in 45 out of 46 cases over the past four years. Human relations, exclusion, trapping, toxic perches and Avitrol are discussed.
Responses Of Caged Red-Winged Blackbirds To Methiocarb On Wild Rice, Daniel W. Moulton
Responses Of Caged Red-Winged Blackbirds To Methiocarb On Wild Rice, Daniel W. Moulton
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
Red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) were offered a choice between cultivated wild rice (Zizania aquatica) treated with methiocarb and untreated wild rice. Unhulled wild rice soaked in methiocarb solution was highly effective in repelling blackbirds at residue levels <132 ppm. The responses of blackbirds to methiocarb residues <132 ppm on soaked rice were variable. Most of the blackbirds conditioned to avoid treated rice at 132 ppm of methiocarb were subsequently repelled by treated rice with residues as low as 30 ppm.
Guard Dogs And Gas Exploders As Coyote Depredation Control Tools In North Dakota, William K. Pfeifer, Michael W. Goos
Guard Dogs And Gas Exploders As Coyote Depredation Control Tools In North Dakota, William K. Pfeifer, Michael W. Goos
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
Guard dogs and gas exploders have been successfully used in North Dakota to protect sheep from coyote (Canis latrans) depredation since the mid-1970s. They have been used in addition to other lethal and nonlethal control tools. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service gathered information from field testing and landowner interviews to measure their effectiveness. Guard dogs reduced the rate of depredation by 93 percent on the 36 ranches surveyed. Gas exploders deterred coyotes from depredating on 30 ranches an average of 31 days during the 1980 and 1981 grazing seasons. An increasing number of sheep producers are using these control …
A Comparison Of Selected Rodenticides For The Control Of The Common Valley Pocket Gopher (Thomomys Bottae), Barry R. Tickes, Lloyd K. Cheathem, John L. Stair
A Comparison Of Selected Rodenticides For The Control Of The Common Valley Pocket Gopher (Thomomys Bottae), Barry R. Tickes, Lloyd K. Cheathem, John L. Stair
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
The common valley pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae) has become a serious agricultural pest in certain regions of the Lower Colorado River Basin. The mechanical burrow-builder is the most economical and effective method of controlling this pest although many growers and some researchers have reported less-than-satisfactory results when using this technique with currently available rodenticides. Six formulations of three toxicants including strychnine, zinc phosphide and diphacinone were applied with the burrow-builder to assess their efficacy. Results indicated that negligible control is achieved with 0.35 and 0.5% strychnine although these are the most commonly used formulations in Arizona. Diphacinone also produced negligible …
Mountain Lion Predation On Domestic Livestock In Nevada, H. Russell Suminski
Mountain Lion Predation On Domestic Livestock In Nevada, H. Russell Suminski
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
The mountain lion has long been considered a serious predator on domestic livestock, primarily sheep, in the state of Nevada. For the past five years (FY77-81), documented losses to lions have averaged 375 animals. While this number is not large, most losses are sustained by only a few individual livestock operators, and the losses constitute a serious economic hardship for these individuals. An average of 23 lions have been taken in response to livestock depredation complaints during each of these five years. Controlling livestock loss to mountain lions is the responsibility of the Animal Damage Control branch of the U.S. …
Assessment, Understanding And Management Of Blackbird Agriculture Interactions In Eastern Canada, Patrick J. Weatherhead
Assessment, Understanding And Management Of Blackbird Agriculture Interactions In Eastern Canada, Patrick J. Weatherhead
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
The major results of recent research on the problem of red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) damage to field corn (Zea mays) in eastern Canada are reviewed. In the area of damage assessment, an indirect approach relying on energetic considerations appears to provide a rapid and inexpensive means for generating reliable damage estimates. The identification of pronounced compositional changes in roost populations has provided a more accurate means for predicting the impact of any management technique relying on population reduction at roosts. Investigation of the interaction of blackbirds and insects revealed that prey species conform to general patterns of coloration, mobility and …
Bird Damage To Sunflowers In The Sacramento Valley, California, Michael L. Avery, Richard Dehaven
Bird Damage To Sunflowers In The Sacramento Valley, California, Michael L. Avery, Richard Dehaven
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
Damage caused by birds to ripening sunflower was evaluated in 60 fields (about 70% of all planted fields) in the Sacramento Valley, California, during 1980 and 1981. Overall monetary losses were roughly $6,800 (24 fields) and $7,400 (36 fields) in 1980 and 1981, respectively. The percentage losses estimated for the individual fields were low, ranging from 0 to 5.4% of the crop; in about two-thirds of the fields, losses were <0.5%. For the 12 fields with the highest (≥1.0%) damage, the average per acre monetary loss was roughly $18. Damage levels within local areas were relatively constant between the two years. Although several species of birds caused damage, house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) were apparently most important. Their foraging behavior differed from that of blackbirds, which fed extensively on insects in addition to sunflower. The presence of large numbers of blackbirds or finches in fields was not always an indication of bird damage. Additional research may lead to recommendations for alleviating the moderate losses which a few growers now incur.
Evaluation Of Zinc Phosphide Bait For Pocket Gopher Control On Forest Land, Victor G. Barnes Jr., Richard M. Anthony, James Evans, Gerald D. Lindsey
Evaluation Of Zinc Phosphide Bait For Pocket Gopher Control On Forest Land, Victor G. Barnes Jr., Richard M. Anthony, James Evans, Gerald D. Lindsey
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
Laboratory bioassays and field tests were conducted to determine if zinc phosphide baits would control pocket gophers in forest plantations. Zinc phosphide baits generally were less effective than the strychnine alkaloid-oat bait commonly used by forest managers to control gophers. However, a carrot bait with 0.75% zinc phosphide showed potential as a substitute for strychnine. Size of carrot bait and grooming activity of gophers were identified as important factors affecting efficacy of baits.
Snares For Predator Control, Major L. Boddicker
Snares For Predator Control, Major L. Boddicker
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
The use of snares predates recorded history. The snare was first used when ancient man realized that an association between a tightening loop of vine and an ensnared animal was something which he could construct and repeat. The current increased interest in snares has been a result of restricted chemical tools in animal damage control resulting in a new look at old mechanical methods. The increased value of pelts of predators has brought efforts by private trappers to improve snaring as a tool. As a result, the ancient art of snaring has been greatly improved over the last decade. New …
Conference Participants
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
The Conference was the largest ever with a total of 479 registered attendees. The participants came from 31 states, the District of Columbia, and 15 other countries: Australia, Canada, Bangladesh, Egypt, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Nigeria, Philippines, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Taiwan, United Kingdom, and Zimbabwe. The wide representation from the United States and from countries throughout the world contributed to the success of the Conference by providing a highly diversified group for the exchange of ideas and information.
Rodent Problems Relative To Mechanical Harvesting, A. Charles Crabb, Ronald L. Riddle
Rodent Problems Relative To Mechanical Harvesting, A. Charles Crabb, Ronald L. Riddle
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
As the number of crops that are mechanically harvested increases, the reports of rodent problems associated with those crops increase also. This report examines the rodent problems in mechanically harvested tomatoes and reports on work done in studying the effects of various border crops on rodent populations. It also looks at possible rodent management options available to growers of mechanically harvested crops.
Pulsed Baiting —A New Technique For High Potency, Slow Acting Rodenticides, Adrian C. Dubock
Pulsed Baiting —A New Technique For High Potency, Slow Acting Rodenticides, Adrian C. Dubock
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
The disadvantages of the acute, fast-acting, rodenticides are well understood by the specialist. However, despite poison-shyness and consequent short-lived, low efficacy rodent control, many users prefer "acutes" such as zinc phosphide to "first-generation" anticoagulants of the warfarin type. The techniques necessary for efficient use of the first-generation anticoagulants are often inappropriate, particularly in agriculture. High labour and bait inputs required are unacceptable and are, together with the need for area coordinated control programs, significantly responsible for lack of widespread use of anticoagulants, even in those countries with a long history both of disastrous rodent damage to crops and rodent damage …
Urban Blackbird Roost Survey—1981, Sally S. Erdman
Urban Blackbird Roost Survey—1981, Sally S. Erdman
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
A brief description is given of 29 areas in the United States and Canada experiencing problems with blackbirds and/or starlings. The answers to an Urban Blackbird Roost Survey of these areas are tabulated and discussed. Suggestions for future urban roost management are presented.
Bird Limes And Rat Glues—Sticky Situations, William D. Fitzwater
Bird Limes And Rat Glues—Sticky Situations, William D. Fitzwater
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
In antiquity, sticky materials were widely used for catching small birds for food and sport, but this practice is now illegal in most industrial nations. The most widespread use of sticky materials is in "glueboards" to catch rats and particularly mice. Their popularity has increased with the negative public attitude towards use of pesticide chemicals. Early materials were made from latex and gums of many trees, but current ones also use industrial chemicals like Polyethylenes and polybutenes. They have most of the advantages of traps but have some disadvantages. Their use may be limited by temperature, moisture, dust, vapors, etc. …
The Cliff Swallow—Biology And Control, W. Paul Gorenzel, Terrell P. Salmon
The Cliff Swallow—Biology And Control, W. Paul Gorenzel, Terrell P. Salmon
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
Cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) nesting in colonies on man-made structures can cause aesthetic problems and health hazards. Cliff swallows are migratory, wintering in South America and breeding throughout most of North America. Cliff swallows have a homing tendency to old colonies and are attracted to the gourd-shaped mud nests. Egg laying begins before nest construction is finished; clutch size averages 3 or 4 eggs. Re-nesting is common if a nest fails and some pairs may raise 2 broods in 1 nesting season. Cliff swallows may be present at a colony for up to 132 days. Cliff swallows are protected by …
Alpha-Chlorohydrin (Epibloc®): A Toxicant-Sterilant As An Alternative In Rodent Control, Ronald J. Ericsson
Alpha-Chlorohydrin (Epibloc®): A Toxicant-Sterilant As An Alternative In Rodent Control, Ronald J. Ericsson
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
Alpha-chlorohydrin (EPIBLOC) introduces a new form of rodenticide - the toxicant-sterilant. EPIBLOC, as a pest control product registered and used in some countries, changes the concept of chemosterilants from theoretical to practical. The active ingredient also acts as an acute toxicant in the control of rodents. It is effective on both sexes and all age groups. Alpha-chlorohydrin is rapidly absorbed and metabolized; therefore, it is neither a secondary toxicant nor a cumulative toxicant. Another unique biological characteristic of this compound is its species specificity with regards to male sterility. First, only sexually mature males are rendered sterile through the development …
Raptor-Mimicking Kites For Reducing Bird Damage To Wine Grapes, Roger L. Hothem, Richard W. Dehaven
Raptor-Mimicking Kites For Reducing Bird Damage To Wine Grapes, Roger L. Hothem, Richard W. Dehaven
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
Preliminary tests in California vineyards during 1979 and 1980 indicated that a raptor-mimicking kite suspended from a helium-filled balloon (kite-balloon or KB) could reduce bird damage to ripening wine grapes. Based on the results of both damage assessments and bird censuses, one KB per hectare, deployed for alternate 1-wk periods, reduced losses caused by birds by about 33% in 1979 and by an average of 48% in 1980 when compared with 1-wk control periods. Habituation by the birds to the KB appeared to reduce its effectiveness over time in 1979, but this problem was reduced in 1980 by regularly changing …
A Tiger Problem In India, Walter E. Howard
A Tiger Problem In India, Walter E. Howard
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
During the past decade, India has done wonders in re-establishing populations of rare and threatened wildlife. Project Tiger, initiated in 1973, has stimulated a successful conservation movement in India. But tigers, like all animals, do not recognize man's property lines and, as populations increase in the forest reserves, more and more tigers forage outside of the parks, killing livestock and people. The current methods and regulations of dealing with troublesome tigers (and elephants) that stray from the sanctuaries due to overpopulation social pressures, lack of food, old age, or other reasons may soon become inadequate as the value of human …
The Urban Coyote Problem In Los Angeles County, Robert G. Howell
The Urban Coyote Problem In Los Angeles County, Robert G. Howell
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
Extensive, urban development of hillside areas in Los Angeles County has created an undesirable human interface with coyotes (Canis latrans). Plentiful, readily available household garbage, pet foods, and water have spawned abnormal numbers of bold coyotes that have adopted residential properties and the human environment as ideal habitat. Consequently, at least six persons have been attacked, including the death of a three-year old child, during the past three years. Selective use of padded steel traps, shooting, and public education are presently being used in problem areas by the Agricultural Commissioner in an attempt to reindoctrinate these predators into returning to …
Proceedings Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference,
Proceedings Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference,
Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982)
VERTEBRATE PEST COUNCIL 1982 EXECUTIVE BOARD CONFERENCE COMMITTEES SESSION CHAIRPERSONS CONFERENCE ASSISTANTS CHAIRPERSONS OF PREVIOUS CONFERENCES CONTENTS