Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage: A Cost And Sizing Study, Haur D. Shaw, J. Derald Morgan, Max Darwin Anderson

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Two applications for superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) devices in power systems are studied. One is for peak shaving, and the other is for load leveling. Consideration is given to placing these devices near load centers to reduce the line losses. For (SMES) cases studied using smaller size devices at several load centers, the line losses are lowered. However, the efficiency of SMES is proportional to its size, and the capitol cost per MWH is much greater for a smaller size SMES unit when compared to a larger SMES unit. Once the location or locations for SMES have been selected, …

Inversion Of The Nonlinear Equations Of Reflection Ellipsometry For Uniaxial Crystals In Symmetrical Orientations, M. Elshazly-Zaghloul, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

The complex ordinary (N_o) and extraordinary (N_e) refractive indices of an absorbing uniaxial crystal can be determined using reflection ellipsometry. The measurements are taken with the optic axis parallel and perpendicular to the crystal’s surface. The equations obtained are solved without resort to iterative methods; N_o and N_e are determined separately. Sixteen solution sets (N_o, N_e) are obtained and the correct solution can be easily identified. We present an optimum angle of incidence that minimizes the relative errors in N_o and N_e.

A Dimensionality Reduction Algorithm For The Karhunen Loeve Transform, Salomi T. Charalambous

Computational Modeling & Simulation Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The Karhunen Loeve Transform has conclusively been shown to be the optimum data compression algorithm for signals belonging to the same second order stationary process. Consequently, researchers have been searching for a fast implementation for the transform. Fast imple­mentation methods similar to those developed for other orthogonal transforms are generally not applicable to the Karhunen Loeve Transform (KLT). Also, since the basis vectors composing the transformation matrix of the KLT are the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix of the input process, they must be computed first. The research re­ ported here is an attempt to reduce the dimensionality of the …

The Pattern Of Twos, Richard C. Heyser

Unpublished Writings

Rather than explaining the meanings behind the phases of sound measurement, Richard C. Heyser explains the relationships between these phases, which he calls the Pattern of Twos.

Luminescence In Slipped And Dislocation-Free Laser-Annealed Silicon, R.H. Uebbing, P. Wagner, H. Baumgart, H. J. Queisser

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Photoluminescence of cw laser-annealed silicon shows a dramatic difference in electronic behavior of the reconstructed material depending upon either creation or suppression of dislocations. Beyond a critical exposure time slip appears, and the luminescence of these samples is dominated by dislocation-related defect levels.

The Economics Of Solar Water Heaters : A Guide For Evaluating The Cost-Effectiveness Of Active Solar Water Heating Systems In Maine, Maine Office Of Energy Resources

Maine Collection

The Economics of Solar Water Heaters : A Guide for Evaluating the Cost-Effectiveness of Active Solar Water Heating Systems in Maine

State of Maine, Executive Department, Office of Energy Resources,

Augusta, Maine (July, 1979).

Contents: Section I: Introduction / Section II: Economic Method: The Life Cycle Cost Analysis / Section III: Factors Affecting the Decision to Buy / Section IV: Explanation of the Tables / Table I - Table IIIA

Direct Relation Between Fresnel’S Interface Reflection Coefficients For The Parallel And Perpendicular Polarizations, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

We have found a significant relation, r_p = r_s (r_s -cos2ϕ)/(1-r_s cos2ϕ), between Fresnel’s interface complex-amplitude reflection coefficients r_p and r_s for the parallel (p) and perpendicular (s) polarizations at the same angle of incidence ϕ. This relation is universal in that it applies to reflection at all interfaces between homogeneous isotropic media collectively and, of course, throughout the electromagnetic spectrum. We investigate the properties of this function, r_p = f (r_s), and its inverse,r_s = g (r_p), as …

Relations Between Amplitude Reflectances And Phase Shifts Of The P And S Polarizations When Electromagnetic Radiation Strikes Interfaces Between Transparent Media, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Spectral Signature Studies For Application In Deer Census Using Remote Sensing Techniques, Maran C. Pate

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was performed to determine the spectral signatures of deer and their natural background elements for censusing purposes. Consideration was given to atmospheric transmittance, acceptable flying weather, and terrain. Possible spectral bands between 0.3 and 14.0 μm were obtained (over a pathlength of 1500 feet at an altitude of 5000 feet) based upon atmospheric transmittance using the LOWTRAN 3B computer program. They are: 0.30 - 1.33, 1.49 - 1.79, 2.00 - 2.50, 3.00 - 3.16, 3.38 - 4.10, 4.59 - 5.05, and 8.00 - 13.33 μm, for transmittance greater than 75%. Weather conditions are favorable for flying and taking …

Transformation Of Fresnel’S Interface Reflection And Transmission Coefficients Between Normal And Oblique Incidence, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

If w denotes an interface Fresnel reflection or transmission coefficient for s- or p-polarized light at an oblique angle of incidence ø, and z denotes the same coefficient at normal incidence, we find that w is an analytic function of z, w = ƒ(z), that depends on ø but not on the specific optical properties of the two media on both sides of the interface. All four functions that correspond to the four distinct Fresnel coefficients and their inverses are determined. We single out for detailed examination, as an example, the relationship between the reflection of s -polarized light at …

Reflection Of An Electromagnetic Plane Wave With 0 Or Π Phase Shift At The Surface Of An Absorbing Medium, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

An electromagnetic plane wave incident obliquely from a transparent medium onto the surface of an absorbing medium can be reflected with 0 or π phase shift if (i) the wave is p (TM) polarized, and (ii) the complex relative dielectric function ε is such that 0 ≤|ε| ²/2Re(ε) ≤ 1. Furthermore, the locus of ε such that the reflection coefficient for the p polarization is real at the same angle of incidence, is a circle, and that of ε^½ (the complex relative refractive index) is Bernoulli’s lemniscate.

Stable Equilibrium Statistical States For Spheromaks, George Vahala, Linda L. Vahala

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Incompressible nondissipative magnetohydrodynamic turbulence is treated for spherical systems. From the absolute equilibrium expectation values of the fields one can investigate those initially quiescent states for which no large mean square velocity will develop. This stable state is force-free and gives rise to the Hill vortex structure for the magnetic flux surfaces.

Principal Angle, Principal Azimuth, And Principal-Angle Ellipsometry Of Film-Substrate Systems, R. M.A. Azzam, A.-R. M. Zaghloul

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

When the film thickness is considered as a parameter, a system composed of a transparent film on an absorbing substrate (in a transparent ambient) is characterized by a range of principal angle ø¯_min ≤ ø¯ ≤ ø¯_max over which the associated principal azimuth ψ¯ varies between 0° and 90° (i.e., 0° ≤ ψ¯ ≤ 90°) and the reflection phase difference Δ assumes either one of the two values: +π/2 or −π/2. We determine the principal angle ø¯(d) and principal azimuth ψ¯(d) as functions of film thickness d for the vacuum-SiO₂-Si system at …

Propagation Of Partially Polarized Light Through Anisotropic Media With Or Without Depolarization: A Differential 4 × 4 Matrix Calculus, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

We extend the scope of the Mueller calculus to parallel that established by Jones for his calculus. We find that the Stokes vector S of a light beam that propagates through a linear depolarizing anisotropic medium obeys the first-order linear differential equation dS/dz = mS, where z is the distance traveled along the direction of propagation and m is a 4 × 4 real matrix that summarizes the optical properties of the medium which influence the Stokes vector. We determine the differential matrix m for eight basic types of optical behavior, find its form for the most general anisotropic nondepolarizing …

Consequences Of Light Reflection At The Interface Between Two Transparent Media Such That The Angle Of Refraction Is 45°, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

The reflection of light at the interface between two transparent, homogeneous and optically isotropic media such that the angle of refraction is 45° has the following interesting consequences: (i) the interface relfectivity for the parallel (p) polarization is the square of that for the perpendicular (s) polarization; (ii) the angular deviation of the propagation direction upon refraction is equal to the polarization (or ellipsometric) angle ψ and (iii) the complex reflection coefficient for the ppolarization is stationary, in both magnitude and phase, with respect to small charges of the (refractive and/or absorptive) optical properties of …

An Analysis Of Investments In Residential Energy Conservation In Southeast Missouri, Ralph Gunderson

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This study examines the economic feasibility of residential solar heating. Climatic and economic variables used in this report represent those of Cape Girardeau, Missouri. An annual cost model is used to determine the conditions under which solar heating achieves a reduced annual cost of heating relative to gas and electric heating systems.

An Analysis Of Solar Heating Costs In Arkansas Broiler Houses, Ralph Gunderson, J. Martin Redfern

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This study is based on the computer simulation model of a solar heated broiler house in four locations in Arkansas. This simulation model estimated the annual energy savings in each broiler house due to the installation of a solar heating system. This paper uses present value analysis to estimate the life cycle costs of heating conventional and solar heated broiler houses in the state of Arkansas. From these calculations, the number of years required to achieve a break-even cost of heating is estimated.

Simulation Of Mechanical Rotation By Optical Rotation: Application To The Design Of A New Fourier Photopolarimeter, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

The mechanical rotation of an optical element around the axis of a beam of polarized light can be easily simulated by using the phenomenon of optical rotation. Because optical rotation can be magnetically or electrically induced, virtually any kind of mechanical rotation can be mimicked. This interesting principle is applied to the design of a new Fourier photopolarimeter that uses an oscillating-azimuth retarder (OAR). The OAR consists of a quarter-wave plate surrounded by two ac-excited Faraday cells that produce equal and opposite sinusoidal optical rotations. Analysis of the operation of this polarimeter of no moving parts proves its ability to …

Generalized Ellipsometry Based On Azimuth Measurements Alone, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

We investigate the azimuth response function, θ_o = f(θ_i), of a linear nondepolarizing optical system S, whereθ_i and θ_o, are the azimuths (orientations) of the generally elliptic vibrations of totally polarized light at the input and output of S. We find that the azimuth response function depends on five of the six parameters that specify the normalized circular Jones matrix of the optical system. Thus the entire polarization response of an optical system can be nearly completely reconstructed from its azimuth response alone. Five input-output azimuth measurements (θ_ik, θ_ok), k …

Algorithms For The Solution Of Systems Of Coupled Second-Order Ordinary Differential Equations, Brendan O'Shea

Articles

Several step-by-step methods for the computer solution systems of coupled second-order ordinary differential equations, are examined from the point of view of efficiency “time-wise” and “storage-wise”. Particular reference is made to a system arising in the close-coupling approximation of the Schroedinger equation. The stability of the solution is also considered.

4th Annual Umr-Dnr Conference On Energy -- Entire Proceedings, University Of Missouri--Rolla

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

No abstract provided.

An Annotated Bibliography Of Ocs Documents In Maine, Maine State Planning Office

Maine Collection

An Annotated Bibliography of OCS Documents in Maine

Outer Continental Shelf Memorandum 1

Compiled by Edward H. Shenton & Charles S. Colgan

Maine Coastal Program, Maine State Planning Office, Augusta, Maine, 1977.

Contents: 1. Introduction / 2. OCS - General / 3. OCS - Federal Regulations / 4. Economic Aspects / 5. Environmental Studies / 6. Oil Spills - Effects and Studies / 7. Onshore Effects / 8. The North Sea Experience / 9. Legal Aspects / 10. Petroleum Drilling Technology

Single-Element Rotating-Polarizer Ellipsometer For Film-Substrate Systems, A.-R. M. Zaghloul, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

A novel and very simple ellipsometer for the characterization of film-substrate systems that employs one rotating optical element (a polarizer) is proposed. The ellipsometer is based on detecting the angles of incidence at which a film-substrate system has equal amplitude attenuations for light polarized parallel (p) and perpendicular (s) to the plane of incidence. At a certain wavelength, the film thickness of the filmsubstrate system has to lie within permissible-thickness bands (PTB) for the technique to apply.

Sio2-Si Film-Substrate Reflection Polarizers For Different Mercury Spectral Lines, A.-R. M. Zaghloul, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Frequency-Mixing Detection (Fmd) Of Polarization-Modulated Light, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

When a light beam whose polarization and intensity are weakly modulated at a frequency ω_m passes through a periodic analyzer of frequency ω_a(<ω_m) and the transmitted flux is linearly detected, the resulting total signal S_t consists of two components: (i) a periodic baseband signal S_bb with harmonics of frequencies nω_a (n = 0,1,2,…) and (ii) an amplitude-modulated-carrier signal δS_mc with center (carrier) frequency ω_m and sideband frequencies at ω_m ± nω_a(n = 1,2,…). In this paper we show that the average polarization of the beam is determined …

Modulated Generalized Ellipsometry, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

We extend ellipsometry to the direct measurement of small perturbations of the Jones matrix of any linear nondepolarizing optical sample (system) subjected to a modulating stimulus such as temperature, stress, or electric or magnetic field. The methodology of this technique, to be called Modulated Generalized Ellipsometry (MGE), is presented. First an ellipsometer with arbitrary polarizing and analyzing optics is assumed, and subsequently the discussion is specialized to a conventional ellipsometer having either the polarizer-sample-analyzer (PSA) or the polarizer-compensator-sample-analyzer (PCSA) arrangement. MGE provides the tool for the systematic study of thermo-optical, piezo-optical, electro-optical, magneto-optical, and other allied effects for both isotropic …

Wind-Powered Hydrogen Electric Systems For Farm And Rural Use, Final Report, United States Department Of Energy

Agriculture

The objective of this study has been to determine the current technology of a wind-energy conversion system (WECS) of minimal cost for rural applications. Specifically, IGT has evaluated available methods for converting shaft horse-power from a wind turbine to electricity and hydrogen. A workable mix of these two energy forms with storage that can support the energy needs of selected farming operations and the rural home was sought.

Energy load patterns of several farming operations were examined for interfacing with the energy storage and delivery systems that are supplied by wind turbines dependent on the prevalent winds. Several preliminary designs …

An Efficient Dft Algorithm Using The Walsh Transform, Albert P. Gerheim

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The matrix transformation relating the sequency and frequency domains is derived. It is shown that these­ frequency-to-frequency conversion can be performed via a computationally efficient sparse matrix algorithm. The sequency-to-frequency algorithm can be used with a fast Hadamard transform to implement a discrete Fourier trans­ form. The efficiencies of this combined algorithm and a radix-two fast Fourier transform are compared.

The algorithm is applied to the sequency domain de­ sign of a Wiener digital filter. Improved computational efficiencies are achieved relative to the procedure de­veloped by Kahveci and Hall (9).

Design Of Film-Substrate Single-Reflection Linear Partial Polarizers, R. M.A. Azzam, A.-R. M. Zaghloul, N. M. Bashara

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

The results of a preceding paper [J. Opt. Soc. Am. 65, 1464,(1975)] are viewed from a different angleas providing the basis for the design of film-substrate single-reflection linear partial polarizers (LPP),which also operate as reflection optical rotators. The important characteristics of a comprehensive set of discrete designs of SiO₂-Si LPP’s at λ = 6328 Å are shown graphically.

Polarizer-Surface-Analyzer Null Ellipsometry For Film-Substrate Systems, R. M.A. Azzam, A.-R. M. Zaghloul, N. M. Bashara

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

Single-pass polarizer-surface-analyzer null ellipsometry (PSA-NE) can be used to characterize film-substrate systems, provided that the film thickness lies within one of a set of permissible-thickness bands (PTB). For a transparent film on a transparent or absorbing substrate, the PTB structure consists of a small number of finite-bandwidth bands followed by a continuum band that extends from a film thickness of about half the wavelength of light to infinity. We show that this band structure is a direct consequence of the periodicity of the ellipsometric function ρ (the ratio R_p/R_s, of the complex amplitude-reflection coefficients for …