Public Health Commons^™

Trends And Correlates Of Low Hiv Knowledge Among Ever-Married Women Of Reproductive Age: Evidence From Cross-Sectional Bangladesh Demographic And Health Survey 1996–2014, Md Tariqujjaman, Md Mehedi Hasan, Mohammad Abdullah Heel Kafi, Md Alamgir Hossain, Saad A Khan, Nadia Sultana, Rashidul Azad, Md Arif Hossain, Mahfuzur Rahman, Mohammad Bellal Hossain

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden has frequently been changing over time due to epidemiological and demographic transitions. To safeguard people, particularly women of reproductive age, who can be exposed to transmitting this burden to the next generation, knowledge regarding this life-threatening virus needs to be increased. This research intends to identify the trends and associated correlates of "low" HIV knowledge among ever-married women of reproductive age in Bangladesh from 1996 to 2014.

METHODS: We analyzed data derived from six surveys of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 1996, 1999, 2004, 2007, 2011, and 2014. Analyses were primarily …

Trem-1, Trem-2 And Their Association With Disease Severity In Patients With Covid-19, Ruyue Fan, Zuowang Cheng, Zhisheng Huang, Ying Yang, Na Sun, Bin Hu, Peibin Hou, Bo Liu, Chuanjun Huang, Shuai Liu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Delayed diagnosis and inadequate treatment caused by limited biomarkers are associated with the outcomes of COVID-19 patients. It is necessary to identify other promising biomarkers and candidate targets for defining dysregulated inflammatory states.

METHODS: The triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cell (TREM)-1 and TREM-2 expression from hospitalized COVID-19 patients were characterized using ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. Their correlation with disease severity and contrast with the main clinical indicators were evaluated.

RESULTS: Increased expression of soluble TREM-1 and TREM-2 in the plasma of COVID-19 patients was found compared to the control group. Moreover, membrane-bound TREM-1 and TREM-2 expression was …

Regional Disparities In Major Cancer Incidence In Korea, 1999–2018, Eun Hye Park, Mee Joo Kang, Kyu-Won Jung, Eun Hye Park, E Hwa Yun, Hye-Jin Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Chang Kyun Choi, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated regional disparities in the incidence of 8 major cancers at the municipal level in Korea during 1999-2018 and evaluated the presence or absence of hot spots of cancer clusters during 2014-2018.

METHODS: The Korea National Cancer Incidence Database was used. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated by gender and region at the municipal level for 4 periods of 5 years and 8 cancer types. Regional disparities were calculated as both absolute and relative measures. The possibility of clusters was examined using global Moran's I with a spatial weight matrix based on adjacency or distance.

RESULTS: Regional disparities …

Evaluation Of Scrub Typhus Surveillance, Alwar District, Rajasthan, India, July-August 2020, Surendra M Prajapati, Kanica Kaushal, Simmi Tiwari, Ajit Shewale, Tushar Nale, Tanzin Dikid

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Scrub typhus is one of the most underreported and fatal illnesses accounting for 23% of all febrile illness. Rajasthan reported cases during 2018-2019 in state reporting system but did not report any case to central Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) unit. We evaluated the Scrub typhus surveillance system in Alwar district, Rajasthan, with the objective of describing and evaluating the system and providing evidence-based recommendations to identify gaps.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: In cross-sectional study, we reviewed records and conducted key informant interviews at district- and block-level health facilities. Using US Centers for Disease Control guidelines, we evaluated the system …

The Association Between Inflammatory Diet And Infection-Related Cancers In Adults: A Systematic Review, Alfu Laily, Jason B. Reed, Madeline Q. Powers, Anna Giuliano, Monica Kasting

Libraries Faculty and Staff Supplemental Materials

Poster presented at the 2023 American Academy of Health Behavior conference. Presents preliminary results of a systematic review investigating the relationship between inflammatory dietary patterns and infection-related cancers in adults.

Black Midwives For Black Mothers: Ameliorating Racial Disparities In The Quality Of Maternal Healthcare, Kimberly Navarro

Theses and Dissertations

In the United States, maternal mortality represents a dire health crisis with a stark racial imbalance. Black women are two and a half to three times more likely to die from pregnancy and birth-related complications than their White counterparts. Racial disparities in maternal health can be explained by variations in the quality of maternal healthcare services that women tend to receive. Racial and ethnic minority women are more likely to receive inferior quality prenatal care (PNC), which brings to question the care model of traditional PNC and its adequacy in serving the healthcare needs of Black women. Since Black women …

Issue Of Data Imbalance On Low Birthweight Baby Outcomes Prediction And Associated Risk Factors Identification: Establishment Of Benchmarking Key Machine Learning Models With Data Rebalancing Strategies, Yang Ren, Dezhi Wu, Yan Tong, Ana Lopez-De Fede

Publications

Background: Low birthweight (LBW) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality in the United States and a major causative factor of adverse health effects in newborns. Identifying high-risk patients early in prenatal care is crucial to preventing adverse outcomes. Previous studies have proposed various machine learning (ML) models for LBW prediction task, but they were limited by small and imbalanced data sets. Some authors attempted to address this through different data rebalancing methods. However, most of their reported performances did not reflect the models’ actual performance in real-life scenarios. To date, few studies have successfully benchmarked the performance of ML …

Effectiveness Of The Catch (Coordinated Approach To Child’S Health) Rainbow Program In Elementary Schools For Change In Fruit And Vegetable Intake, Ashley M. Valinskas

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Background: There is currently a lack of nutrition education programs that effectively increase fruit and vegetable (FV) intake among children. Not meeting the recommendations for fruits and vegetables increases the risk for poor academic achievement, obesity, and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, asthma, and more. Nutrition, cooking, and gardening lessons individually and together have shown to increase fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption in school-aged children.Methods: Two-Hundred Twenty-five 4th and 5th graders participated in six cooking and six gardening lessons between September 2021 and May 2022 at Genoa Elementary school. Each nutrition education session was 25-minutes long, …

Kenyan Healthcare Professionals’ Perceptions Of Global Health Engagements In Relation To The Covid-19 Pandemic, Erick Amick

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Over the past 30 years, there has been a significant increase in opportunities available for individuals living in high-income countries (HICs) to participate in programs that provide health services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). These global health engagements (GHEs) have become common in many LMICs around the world, including Kenya. Prior to the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, much of the research exploring individuals’ perspectives of GHEs were situated from the viewpoint of participants traveling from HICs to participate in global health programs. Few studies have examined perspectives of constituent groups in LMICs, such as healthcare professionals (i.e., healthcare …

National Emissaries For Preventive Healthcare. Visiting Nurses In Interwar Bulgaria And Yugoslavia, Evguenia Davidova

History Faculty Publications and Presentations

In the interwar period, as part of a wholesale reorganization of public healthcare, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia saw the emergence of a new healthcare protagonist: the visiting nurse. Grounded in archival materials, by means of an analysis that intertwines gender and class, this article argues that the visiting nurse became a crucial (and cheaper) link between the hospital and the home in the fight against social diseases and reducing child mortality. These social interactions were often mediated by international humanitarian organizations. In this context, the visiting nurse serves as another bridge—this time between national and international public health policies. Visiting nurses …

“I Don’T Have A Pile Of Money To Take Care Of Things”: Financial Stress And Housing Insecurity Among Low-Income Hispanic/Latinx Immigrant Families During Covid-19, Marisa Westbrook

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Housing, the single largest expense for low-income individuals, is inherently tied to economic security. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Hispanic/Latinx and Black communities experienced the highest rates of income loss, basic needs insecurity, and COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality. As part of an ethnographic case study, I conducted serial interviews over two years with 35 predominantly low-income Hispanic/Latinx immigrant families in one Denver, Colorado neighborhood during the COVID-19 pandemic. These interviews revealed that very few of these individuals were able to access governmental financial support as a result of limited dissemination despite facing unemployment, underemployment and rising rents. Although governmental financial support …

Health Misinformation During Epidemiological Crises, Bethany Stefan, Alexis L. Emich, Katrina R. Lamp

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Health misinformation is more prevalent than ever in the modern age and poses serious risks for those who believe it. Medical fallacies can become especially harmful during periods of widespread disease when the misinformed respond in ways that increase threats to public health. The purpose of this systematic review is to describe and critically appraise the evidence about how health misinformation during endemics and pandemics can influence behaviors and responses, as well as the implications of interventions affecting these behaviors. A systematic search of the literature with inclusion/exclusion criteria using CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE, and PsychINFO resulted in …

Stuffed Animals For Coping And Communication In The Hospital: A Child Life Perspective, Becca Scobee

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

No abstract provided.

Coronary Heart Disease And Ischemic Stroke Polygenic Risk Scores And Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease In A Diverse, Population-Based Cohort Study, Allison Bebo, Jamie A Jarmul, Mark J Pletcher, Natalie R Hasbani, David Couper, Vijay Nambi, Christie M Ballantyne, Myriam Fornage, Alanna C Morrison, Christy L Avery, Paul S De Vries

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The predictive ability of coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic stroke (IS) polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been evaluated individually, but whether they predict the combined outcome of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains insufficiently researched. It is also unclear whether associations of the CHD and IS PRS with ASCVD are independent of subclinical atherosclerosis measures. 7,286 White and 2,016 Black participants from the population-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study who were free of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes at baseline were included. We computed previously validated CHD and IS PRS consisting of 1,745,179 and 3,225,583 genetic variants, respectively. Cox …

Modeling The Bidirectional Relationship Between Shared-Patient Physician Networks And Patient Longitudinal Treatment Patterns: Application To Physician Risky-Prescribing, Xin Ran

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Risky-prescribing is a pressing public health concern in the United States. Opioids, benzodiazepines, and non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics (sedative-hypnotics) are three commonly-prescribed but potentially risky drug groups, prescribed alone or in combination. Physician shared-patient networks provide a unique perspective in studying physician network characteristics and structures, as well as their association with the delivery of health care. Understanding how physician shared-patient networks are related to their prescribing may inform network-based interventions targeting risky-prescribing, which is yet to be fully studied.

We investigated patient receipt of risky prescriptions and physician risky-prescribing intensity through the scope of shared-patient networks. We used retrospective Medicare insurance …

Uncovering The Role Of Fat-Infiltrated Axillary Lymph Nodes In Obesity-Related Diseases With Statistical And Machine Learning Analyses, Qingyuan Song

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

The link between obesity and pathogenesis is a complex and multifaceted area of research that is yet to be fully understood. Ample evidence exists to demonstrate the direct relationship between excessive internal fat and various health conditions such as cancer, and metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The infiltration of ectopic fat into axillary lymph nodes, observable on breast cancer screening images, has been shown to be correlated with body mass index (BMI) in women undergoing screening. This study aimed to explore the relationship between fat-infiltrated axillary lymph nodes (FIN) and obesity-related diseases, with the goal of evaluating the clinical value of …

Far-Uvc: Technology Update With An Untapped Potential To Mitigate Airborne Infections, P. Jacob Bueno De Mesquita, Rosemary K. Sokas, Mary B. Rice, Edward A. Nardell

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

An Exploration Of Quality Of Life Perceptions Of Cochlear Implant Recipients And Their Frequent Communication Partners, Jessica L. Bishop, Ashley G. Flagge

Ashley Flagge Publications

Purpose: Quality of life (QoL) after cochlear implantation has been investigated using a variety of QoL questionnaires. However, few studies have examined the perceived QoL of cochlear implant (CI) recipients compared between the recipient and a frequent communication partner (FCP) using both hearing-related (hearing-specific), and health-general (health-general) measures.

Method: For this multiple case study, five participant pairs were recruited, consisting of five adult recipients who were implanted at least six months prior to the time of evaluation, and five adult frequent communication partners who lived with the recipient at the time of evaluation. All ten participants (five pairs) completed a …

Philippines Global Health, Thomas Rieth, Kourtney Bettinger, Ryan Northup

Posters

Provides reflections on resident's experience working with cardiologists and neonatologists in Manila.

Anxiety Risk Factors And Social Isolation Among Young Adults, Jennifer Clancy

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The COVID-19 pandemic is a public health concern that impacted the world. Increased feelings of loneliness and social isolation during the pandemic were reported to be associated with those seeking help for symptoms of anxiety and depression. Though symptoms of anxiety have been associated with social isolation, research is limited on the association between the anxiety risk factors and social isolation among young adults in the United States. Using the socioecological model, the association between social isolation (dependent variable) with financial stress, health anxiety, and perceived impact of COVID-19 (independent variable), and the influence of gender, race, and household status …

Adverse Childhood/Adolescent Experiences And Risk Of Recruitment Into Sex Trafficking, Shwana Coleman

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Human trafficking victims are negatively impacted by the process of coercion, kidnapping, and forced sexual interactions. Previous research studies showed that sex trafficking impacts victims’ mental health. The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate whether adverse childhood/adolescent experiences (i.e., substance abuse, psychological abuse, and physical abuse) influence recruitment to sex trafficking in the United States and whether age acts as a moderator. The health belief model provided the theoretical framework for the study that includes data from 2010–2015 collected by the Polaris Project, a global sex trafficking database. Convenience sampling was done to delineate the study variables and …

Relationship Between Food Insecurity, Depression, And Race/Ethnicity Among U.S. Adults Aged 60–69 Years, Patrick E. Crandon

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Abstract Food insecurity (FI) and depression among older populations in the United States are public health concerns. Although FI has declined in the United States, it is a psychosocial stressor prevalent among the growing population of adults over 60. It is unknown to what extent FI contributes to depression among racial/ethnic minorities in this population. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to examine the relationships between FI and race and depression among U.S. adults aged 60–69 years when adjusting for other variables. The social-ecological model was used to understand the interplay between individual and environmental factors that may …

Health Education Practices For Middle Eastern Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Walaa Daffaalla

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex women’s health condition that reduces women’s quality of life, leading to health complications, such as menstruation issues, infertility, insulin resistance, risk of type 2 diabetes, depression, anxiety, emotional stress, being overweight or obese, and more. Research on PCOS has focused on the etiology and complications in women from different ethnicities. But limited research has explored the experiences and perspectives of Middle Eastern (ME) women in the United States with PCOS related to PCOS health education. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the perspectives and experiences of ME women of reproductive …

Student Physical Therapy Supervision And Physical Therapy Productivity In Skilled Nursing Facilities, Dionne Degrande

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Physical therapy (PT) educational programs are faced with the problem of securing thenecessary clinical experiences for their students, particularly in long-term care settings. Student physical therapists (SPTs) must complete clinical education requirements to graduate and transition from learner to entry-level practitioner. Clinical instructors (CIs) provide SPT supervision and are responsible for meeting industry-standard productivity expectations. There is the notion that SPTs negatively impact PT productivity, creating a reluctance for organizations to host SPTs for clinical experiences. This quantitative pilot study aimed to determine if there was a statistically significant difference between PT productivity with and without SPTs in skilled nursing …

Long-Term Psychological Adaptation Of U.S. Human Resource Personnel In Response To The Covid-19 Pandemic, Samantha Ann Denson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Previous research indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted employee psychological outcomes in various workforce sectors. Although research showed that U.S. human resource (HR) employees experienced unique occupational challenges during the pandemic, the literature did not explore pandemic-related psychological outcomes in this population. This quantitative survey-based study included a purposive sample of 294 U.S. HR professionals to explore the pandemic’s impact on their psychological well-being. The transactional model of stress and coping served as the theoretical framework to understand the independent effects of appraisal, meaning-based coping, and coping efforts on psychological well-being. A mediation analysis was used to understand the …

Examining The Relationship Between Patient Care Quality, Patient Care Safety, And Socioeconomic Status In Chicago's Acute Care Hospitals, Theresa Ann Doby

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractEnsuring high quality and safe patient care are among the main goals of all acute care hospitals. This study found that quality of patient care is not consistent across all patient populations, which draws attention to the issue of disparity in access to safe and quality health care. The purpose research questions of this quantitative study examined if patient care quality and safety are related to hospitals’ socioeconomic status (SES) among Chicago’s acute care hospitals. Secondary data were derived from a sample of 20 acute care hospitals (i.e., 10 acute care hospitals of high SES and 10 of low SES) …

Relationship Of Acetaminophen And Alcohol To Incipient Renal Insufficiency: The Role Of Race In Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate, Preston Eledu

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

There are increasing concerns about the incorporation of race in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) prediction equation. which has been used to measure renal function in studies that have shown a relationship between therapeutic dose of acetaminophen and light-moderate alcohol use to incipient renal insufficiency. The purpose of this study was to assess the same relationship, using a redefinition of renal insufficiency based on the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration creatinine-based eGFR, with and without race, and exploring the potential impact of race in the hypothesized relationship. Data from the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed using …

Effect Of Treatment, Stage Of Lung Cancer, And Socioeconomic Status On Life Expectancy Within Marginalized Communities, Elsadig Ahmed Elsharif

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States, and it accounts for 25% of cancer deaths. About 70% of cancer cases are diagnosed during late stages, leading to poor outcomes. An estimated 60% of cancer cases involve underserved and disadvantaged communities. However, there are limited studies had addressed effects of treatment, stage of lung cancer, and socioeconomic status on life expectancy within marginalized communities. Research questions examined effect of treatment, stage of lung cancer, and socioeconomic status on life expectancy of lung cancer patients between 2009 and 2019. This study was grounded in the deductive …

Tuberculosis-Associated Knowledge, Stigma, And Health Seeking Behavior Among Traders In Onitsha Main Market, Anambra State, Nigeria, Benedeth N. Ezeosim

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The utilization of tuberculosis (TB) health care services in a Nigerian state has not been optimal. Many residents do not utilize available health care resources when they experience symptoms of TB. Although much is known about the determinants of health seeking behavior (HSB), there is a gap on how TB knowledge and TB related stigma among traders in one main market contribute to HSB. This study examined the effect of TB knowledge and TB related stigma on HSB among traders. The health stigma and discrimination and health belif models served as the theoretical foundation. A quantitative cross-sectional analytical survey design …

African American Baby Boomers’ Lived Experiences In Skilled Nursing Facilities For Post-Acute Care Admissions, Dr. Charles A. Fraiser

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractPrevious studies have examined the quality of elderly healthcare offered in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) among older adults, in general, but the studies have not emphasized ex-periences unique to African America baby boomers and the factors they consider when making SNF-related decisions for post-acute care. The purpose of the study was to exam-ine the lived experiences of African American baby boomers who are currently in or have been treated in SNFs for post-acute care to learn about their decisions to select an SNF. Andersen’s behavioral model of health services served as the conceptual framework. A descriptive phenomenological qualitative design was …