Public Health Commons^™

Determinants Of Prostate Survival In Arizona: Demographic And Clinical Characteristics, Gudeta D. Fufaa

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

In investigating the determinants of survival of prostate cancer cohorts, characterization of the cohort in terms of competing underlying causes of death would be appropriate. Atherosclerotic heart disease, bronchitis, acute myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and stroke were found to be the major causes of death among prostate cancer cohorts aside from prostate cancer. A population-based assessment of the codeterminants of mortality and a demographic and clinical determinant of prostate cancer survival was undertaken. Average survival time and survival curves of the various age categories were significantly different. The average survival time and survival curves of …

Defisiensi Riboflavin Dan Demensia Pada Usia Lanjut, Idral Purnakarya

Kesmas

Demensia Alzheimer menempati urutan kesembilan penyebab kematian di Amerika Serikat. Demensia adalah kondisi yang sering dialami yang berhubungan dengan berbagai faktor dan gaya hidup terutama diet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan defisiensi asupan riboflavin (vitamin B12) dengan demensia pada usia lanjut (usila). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dan dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2007 sampai dengan Januari 2008. Sampel penelitian adalah 141 lansia berumur lebih dari sama dengan 60 tahun yang diambil secara purposive sampling. Demensia diukur menggunakan kuesioner MMSE (² 24, skor maksimum 30) dan asupan riboflavin diukur menggunakan form Semi Quantitative – FFQ. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan …

Pengetahuan Klien Dan Kualitas Pelayanan Sebagai Dasar Pemilihan Alat Kontrasepsi Hormonal, Najib Najib

Kesmas

Tingkat pemakaian kontrasepsi hormonal oleh akseptor Keluarga Berencana di kelurahan Muktiharjo Kidul kota Semarang yang tinggi diduga merupakan dampak tidak diberikannya informasi yang luas tentang kelebihan dan kekurangan alat kontrasepsi dan pelayanan kontrasepsi yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan kualitas pelayanan dengan pemilihan alat kontrasepsi hormonal pada pasangan usia subur di kelurahan Muktiharjo Kidul. Jenis penelitian adalah explanatory study dengan pendekatan cross sectional yang dianalisis secara deskriptif. Penarikan sampel dilakukan secara acak dari populasi pasangan usia subur yang menggunakan alat kontrasepsi di kelurahan Muktiharjo Kidul kota Semarang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi pasangan usia subur yang …

Tingkat Fertilitas Di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Dan Yogyakarta, Rahmadewi Rahmadewi, Leli Asih

Kesmas

Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) memiliki Total Fertility Rate (TFR) tertinggi (4,2 anak) dan yang terendah adalah Provinsi Yogyakarta (1,8 anak). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan angka fertilitas total di kedua provinsi tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif berdasarkan sumber data sekunder berbagai survei meliputi Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia (1991-2007); Survei Kesehatan Nasional dan Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga tahun 2003; dan Mini Survei tahun 2007 dan 2008. Metode kualitatif dilakukan dengan diskusi kelompok terarah pada wanita pasangan usia subur (PUS) dan wawancara mendalam dengan pengelola program di kabupaten/ kota hingga ke desa/kelurahan. Ditemukan TFR di Yogyakarta …

Instrumen Pengukuran Kualitas Hidup Anak Terinfeksi Hiv, Toha Muhaimin, Budi Utomo, Dharmayati B. Utoyo, Nia Kurniati, Triyanti Anugrahini, Enny Zuliatie

Kesmas

Anak penderita Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) di Indonesia memperlihatkan tren yang semakin meningkat karena meningkatnya proporsi perempuan terinfeksi HIV/AIDS. Pertimbangan pada dampak besar yang dihadapi anak penderita HIV mendorong kebutuhan pengembangan instrumen khusus untuk mengukur kualitas hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan instrumen kualitas hidup anak penderita AIDS dengan memodifikasi instrumen yang ada sesuai dengan konteks Indonesia. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan hasil bahwa instrumen yang dikembangkan mempunyai reliabilitas yang cukup baik pada balita dan anak usia 5 – 11 tahun. Nilai reliabilitas (Cronbach’s Alpha) balita, domain fungsi fisik, fungsi sosial, dan gejala HIV masing masing adalah 0,71; …

Karakteristik Sosial Ekonomi Dan Kesehatan Maternal, Rindang Ekawati

Kesmas

Kesehatan maternal yang tergolong tinggi di Indonesia merupakan indikator keberhasilan pembangunan pada Millenium Development Goals yang terus diupayakan untuk diperbaiki. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik sosial, demografi, dan ekonomi dengan tingkat kesehatan ibu. Penelitian yang menggunakan sumber data sekunder Survei Demografi Kesehatan di Jawa Barat yang mencakup 86 blok sensus yang meliputi 2.150 rumah tangga meliputi 1.100 rumah tangga di perkotaan dan 1.050 rumah tangga di pedesaan. Jumlah sampel terpilih adalah 1.720 wanita pernah kawin berumur 15 – 49 tahun. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif analitik dan uji kai kuadrat. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara umur ibu, pendidikan ibu, …

Kualitas Pelayanan Keluarga Berencana Dan Penggantian Kontrasepsi Di Indonesia, Mugia Bayu Rahardja

Kesmas

Keberhasilan program Keluarga Berencana Nasional tidak hanya diukur dari peningkatan peserta program, tetapi juga efektivitas dan durasi pemakaian kontrasepsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai pengaruh kualitas pelayanan KB terhadap perilaku penggantian alat kontrasepsi di Indonesia. Penelitian sumber data sekunder histori pemakaian metode kontrasepsi dalam kalender data SDKI tahun 2007 dengan metode analisis regresi logistik dengan efek random. Wanita tanpa informed choice dan tanpa kunjungan petugas KB serta pengguna susuk KB berhenti karena ingin metode lebih efektif yang dapat membuat terlihat lebih muda, dan menghasilkan anak sedikit. Pada pasangan yang masa perkawinannya kurang dari 10 tahun, status pendidikan dan sosial ekonomi tinggi, …

Obesitas Pada Pekerja Minyak Dan Gas, Dilla Christina, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika

Kesmas

Beberapa tahun terakhir angka obesitas di Indonesia cenderung meningkat. Obesitas terjadi akibat ketidakseimbangan antara asupan dan output energi dalam jangka waktu cukup lama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian obesitas pada pekerja on shore di perusahaan minyak dan gas. Desain penelitian ini adalah studi cross sectional. Sampel yang diteliti adalah seluruh pekerja on shore (laki-laki maupun perempuan) berusia 35 – 55 tahun yang sesuai dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi yang telah ditetapkan (n = 378). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi obesitas (IMT ³ 25 kg/m2) pada pekerja on-shore sebesar 49,5%. Variabel umur, tingkat pendidikan, status pegawai, …

Improving Health Outcomes For Foster Care Children In Maine Draft Conceptual Model, Culter Institute Of Health And Social Policy

Population Health & Health Policy

Improving Health Outcomes for Children (IHOC) is a 5-year demonstration grant from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and authorized by 401 (d) of the Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2009 (CHIPRA).

IHOC works with doctors' offices, practices and other agencies who want to improve health care in Maine and Vermont to:

• Collect and report on the use of evidenced-based child health quality measures
• Expand the Health Information Technology to improve the flow of child health data
• Promote a collaborative child health learning environment

Political Competition, Relative Deprivation, And Perceived Threat: A Research Note On Anti- Christian Violence In India, Chad Bauman, Tamara Leech

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

A preliminary subnational statistical analysis of violence against Christians in contemporary India, this article suggests that whereas the data provide very little support for simple, demographic explanations of this violence, they do more robustly support theories emphasizing the relative status of ethnic and religious minorities (vis-à-vis majorities) and the perception, among Hindus, that Christians (and other minorities) represent a threat to their numerical, political and economic strength.

Rice Consumption Contributes To Arsenic Exposure In Us Women, Diane Gilbert-Diamond, Kathryn L. Cottingham, Joann F. Gruber, Tracy Punshon, Vicki Sayarath, A. Jay Gandolfi, Emily R. Baker, Brian P. Jackson, Carol L. Folt, Margaret R. Karagas

Dartmouth Scholarship

Emerging data indicate that rice consumption may lead to potentially harmful arsenic exposure. However, few human data are available, and virtually none exist for vulnerable periods such as pregnancy. Here we document a positive association between rice consumption and urinary arsenic excretion, a biomarker of recent arsenic exposure, in 229 pregnant women. At a 6-mo prenatal visit, we collected a urine sample and 3-d dietary record for water, fish/seafood, and rice. We also tested women's home tap water for arsenic, which we combined with tap water consumption to estimate arsenic exposure through water. Women who reported rice intake (n …

The Murine Caecal Microrna Signature Depends On The Presence Of The Endogenous Microbiota, Natasha Singh, Elize A. Shirdel, Levi Waldron, Regan-Heng Zhang, Igor Jurisica, Elena M. Comelli

Publications and Research

The intestinal messenger RNA expression signature is affected by the presence and compo-sition of the endogenous microbiota, with effects on host physiology. The intestine is also characterized by a distinctive micronome. However, it is not known if microbes also impact intestinal gene expression epigenetically. We investigated if the murine caecal microRNA expression signature depends on the presence of the microbiota, and the potential implica-tions of this interaction on intestinal barrier function. Three hundred and thirty four mi-croRNAs were detectable in the caecum of germ-free and conventional male mice and 16 were differentially expressed, with samples from the two groups clustering …

Genome-Wide Association Analysis Of Major Depressive Disorder And Its Related Phenotypes., Nagesh Ramarao Aragam

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a complex and chronic disease that ranks fourth as cause of disability worldwide. Thirteen to 14 million adults in the U.S. are believed to have MDD and an estimated 75% attempt suicide making MDD a major public health problem. Recently several genome-wide association (GWA) studies of MDD have been reported; however, few GWA studies focus on the analysis for MDD related phenotypes such as neuroticism and age at onset of MDD. The purpose of this study is to determine risk factors for MDD, identify genome-wide genetic variants affecting neuroticism and age at onset as quantitative …

Flexible Distributed Lag Models Using Random Functions With Application To Estimating Mortality Displacement From Heat-Related Deaths, Roger D. Peng

Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers

No abstract provided.

Obesity: The Anthropometric And Demographic Characteristics Of Insured And Uninsured Individuals, Terra Fox Williams

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objectives. This study evaluates the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and health insurance status in attendees at a local health fair. BMI was also compared among ages, gender, and races.

Methods. Descriptive analysis conducted using data collected at the “Celebrating Life and Health” health fairs between the years 2008 and 2011. Data for this study were collected at the BMI booth staffed by Wright State Boonshoft School of Medicine students.

Results. The results of this particular study do not demonstrate a statistical difference between obesity and health insurance status. Consistent with other research articles this study does show that …

Alternative Medical Care And Livelihood In Latin America = 拉丁美洲另類醫療與人民生計實踐, Aleida Guevara

South South Forum 南南論壇

No abstract provided.

The Aging Services Network: Serving A Vulnerable And Growing Elderly Population In Tough Economic Times, Carol O'Shaughnessy

National Health Policy Forum

In 1965, Congress enacted the Older Americans Act, establishing a federal agency and state agencies to address the social services needs of the aging population. The mission of the Older Americans Act is broad: to help older people maintain maximum independence in their homes and communities and to promote a continuum of care for the vulnerable elderly. In successive amendments, the Act created area agencies on aging and a host of social support programs. The "aging services network," broadly described, refers to the agencies, programs, and activities that are sponsored by the Older Americans Act. The Act’s funding for services …

Driving Qi With Research: Findings From Public Health Pbrns, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

Public health agencies are increasingly experimenting with quality improvement (QI) strategies designed to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of their efforts. Does QI work in public health, and if so for whom and under what circumstances? What QI strategies work best for which types of public health process failures, and at what cost? Research underway through the Public Health Practice-Based Research Networks (PBRN) Program is examining these types of questions to build an evidence base for public health QI.

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• Georgia Southern University's Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health receives grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

Health Policy & Management News, Georgia Southern University

Health Policy & Community Health: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Georgia Southern University’s Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health receives grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

Polishing Treadmills At Midnight: Is Refugee Integration An Elusive Goal?, Woods Nash

Catalyst: A Social Justice Forum

It is often said that justice requires us to treat like cases alike. Accordingly, the U.S. refugee resettlement program provides all refugees—no matter where they are from, no matter their pasts—with very similar funding and services. Refugees, however, are far from alike. In this essay, I invoke Borgmann’s distinction between a “thing” and a “device” and draw on stories from my work with a resettlement agency to argue that our current, employment-driven system is in need of reform. Instead of being restricted to generic programs, refugee resettlement agencies should be funded to help each family achieve social integration in ways …

Effects Of Prenatal Food And Micronutrient Supplementation On Child Growth From Birth To 54 Months Of Age: A Randomized Trial In Bangladesh, Ashraful Islam Khan, Iqbal Kabir, Eva-Charlotte Ekström, Kajsa Åsling-Monemi, Dewan Shamsul Alam, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Md Yunus, Shams Arifeen, Lars-Åke Persson

Faculty Publications

Background: There is a lack of information on the optimal timing of food supplementation to malnourished pregnant women and possible combined effects of food and multiple micronutrient supplementations (MMS) on their offspring's growth. We evaluated the effects of prenatal food and micronutrient interventions on postnatal child growth. The hypothesis was that prenatal MMS and early invitation to food supplementation would increase physical growth in the offspring during 0-54 months and a combination of these interventions would further improve these outcomes.

Methods: In the large, randomized MINIMat trial (Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions in Matlab), Bangladesh, 4436 pregnant women were enrolled …

Attempting To Close The Food Gap: An Evaluation Of The 2011 Fair Share Program In Gettysburg, Pa, Lisa M. Martin

Student Publications

Background: Families in Adams County with an income between 160% and 250% of the Federal Poverty Income Guidelines and ineligible for federal food assistance programs were determined to be in the “food gap.” In collaboration with Adams County Farm Fresh Markets and the Center for Public Service at Gettysburg College, the Adams County Food Policy Council developed the Fair Share Program to provide monthly food vouchers and educational sessions to a group of families in the food gap to use at farmers markets in Gettysburg, PA. The goals of the program were to provide families not eligible for federal food …

Components Of The Indirect Effect In Vaccine Trials: Identification Of Contagion And Infectiousness Effects, Tyler J. Vanderweele, Eric J. Tchetgen, M. Elizabeth Halloran

COBRA Preprint Series

Vaccination of one person may prevent the infection of another either because (i) the vaccine prevents the first from being infected and from infecting the second or because (ii) even if the first person is infected, the vaccine may render the infection less infectious. We might refer to the first of these mechanisms as a contagion effect and the second as an infectiousness effect. In this paper, for the simple setting of a randomized vaccine trial with households of size two, we use counterfactual theory under interference to provide formal definitions of a contagion effect and an infectiousness effect. Using …

On The Definition Of A Confounder, Tyler J. Vanderweele, Ilya Shpitser

COBRA Preprint Series

The causal inference literature has provided a clear formal definition of confounding expressed in terms of counterfactual independence. The causal inference literature has not, however, produced a clear formal definition of a confounder, as it has given priority to the concept of confounding over that of a confounder. We consider a number of candidate definitions arising from various more informal statements made in the literature. We consider the properties satisfied by each candidate definition, principally focusing on (i) whether under the candidate definition control for all "confounders" suffices to control for "confounding" and (ii) whether each confounder in some context …

Long-Term Effects Of Changes In Cardiorespiratory Fitness And Body Mass Index On All-Cause And Cardiovascular Disease Mortality In Men: The Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, Duck-Chul Lee, Xuemei Sui, Enrique G. Artero, I-Min Lee, Timothy S. Church, Paul A. Mcauley, Fatima C. Stanford, Harold W. Kohl Iii, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Background - The combined associations of changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index (BMI) with mortality remain controversial and uncertain.

Methods and Results - We examined the independent and combined associations of changes in fitness and BMI with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in 14,345 men (mean age 44 years) with at least 2 medical examinations. Fitness, in metabolic equivalents (METs), was estimated from a maximal treadmill test. BMI was calculated using measured weight and height. Changes in fitness and BMI between the baseline and last examinations over 6.3 years were classified into loss, stable, or gain groups. …

Best Practice Considerations For Arriving At A State Entity Or Agency, Institute For Public Health And Justice, Status Offenders

Policy & Position Papers

No abstract provided.

Chhs December 2011 E-Newsletter, Dr. John Bonaguro, Dean, Vashon S. Wells, Editor, Wku College Of Health And Human Services, Western Kentucky University

College of Health & Human Services Publications

No abstract provided.

Spatio-Temporal Modeling Of Arthropod-Borne Zoonotic Diseases: A Proposed Methodology To Enhance Macro-Scale Analyses, Stephen Jones

All Dissertations

Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases that can be transmitted from or through animals to humans, and arthropods often act as vectors for transmission. Emerging infectious diseases have been increasing both in prevalence and geographic range at alarming rates the last 30 years, and the majority of these diseases are zoonotic in nature. Many zoonotic diseases are considered notifiable by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). However, though state regulations or contractual obligations may require the reporting of certain diseases, significant underreporting is known to exist. Because of the rich volume of information captured in health insurance plan databases, …

Sexuality Education, Eva Goldfarb, Norman A. Constantine

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Sexuality education comprises the lifelong intentional processes by which people learn about themselves and others as sexual, gendered beings from biological, psychological, and sociocultural perspectives. It takes place through a potentially wide range of programs and activities in schools, community settings, religious centers, as well as informally within families, among peers, and through electronic and other media. Sexuality education for adolescents occurs in the context of the biological, cognitive, and social-emotional developmental progressions and issues of adolescence. Formal sexuality education falls into two main categories: behavior change approaches, which are represented by abstinence-only and abstinence-plus models, and healthy sexual development …