Public Health Commons^™

Women’S Empowerment And Child Stunting In Peru: A Nationally Representative Analysis, Marisella Chumán-Sánchez, Brando Ortiz-Saavedra, Leonardo J. Uribe-Cavero, Anita P. Llamo-Vilcherrez, Joshua W. Moxey, Carlos J. Toro-Huamanchumo

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Child stunting remains a persistent public health challenge in Peru. Although women’s empowerment has been linked to improved child health, evidence on its domain-specific relationship with stunting remains limited. The objective of this study was to assess the association between women’s empowerment, across attitudes towards violence, social independence, and decision-making, and child stunting in Peru.

Methods: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study using nationally representative data from the 2021 Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES), including 16,650 mother-child pairs. Analyses of women’s empowerment were conducted in a sub-sample with complete SWPER data (n = 12,696). Stunting was defined as …

Slushies Before School: Exploring How Nearby Food Outlets Impact The Eating Behaviours Of Secondary Students In Perth, Western Australia, Sharonna Mossenson, Klug, Joelie Mandzufas, Jacinta Francis, Siobhan Hickling, Lukar Thornton, Gina Trapp

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The external school food environment, comprising food outlets and marketing near schools, shapes what young people eat. Yet little is known about how Australian adolescents perceive and navigate these environments. Focus groups were conducted with 31 school students (Years 7–12) from Perth, Western Australia, to explore their experiences of the external school food environment and its influence on their food-related behaviours. Transcripts were thematically analysed and six themes were identified. Accessibility emphasised proximity, transport links, opening hours and speed of service, with older students using outlets as social spaces. Availability of slushies, energy drinks, snacks and fast-food meal deals influenced …

My Story Is Good… It’S Not Like That For All: Uneven Access To Contraception Among Incarcerated Women In New South Wales, Australia, Helene Smith, Basil Donovan, Jocelyn Jones, Tony Butler, Paul Simpson

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Evidence indicates high levels of unmet contraceptive need among justice-involved women, linked to intersecting vulnerabilities such as housing instability, substance use, violence and poor mental health. In Australia, limited research has explored how women in prison navigate access to family planning services. This study aimed to examine the experiences of incarcerated women in New South Wales (NSW) in accessing contraception and making fertility-related decisions.

Methods: The study formed part of the Second Sexual Health and Attitudes of Australian Prisoners (SHAAP-2) study. Seventeen women aged 19–45 were recruited from two NSW correctional centres. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted face-to-face or …

The Effect Of School-Based Educational Session On Knowledge, Attitudes, And Beliefs Of Cervical Cancer Among Adolescents In Mixed Day High Schools In Embu County: A Quasi-Experimental Study, Lucy W. Kivuti-Bitok, Mugo, Dorothy Mituki, Christine Marete, Irene Ngune, Jessica Wells

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: School-based interventions have proven effective in enhancing knowledge and altering attitudes toward cervical cancer among adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a school-based educational intervention on the attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge of cervical cancer among adolescents in mixed-day high schools in Embu County. Methods: This study used a single-group, repeated cross-sectional design to assess the effect of a structured health education session on cervical cancer among adolescent boys and girls in mixed-gender secondary schools. A self-administered anonymous questionnaire was administered before and immediately after the post-intervention. The education session lasted 30–45 min, and the study population …

Implementation And Effectiveness Of A Food Education Intervention To Promote Plant-Based Foods: A Partially Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial, Henna Vepsäläinen, Satu Kinnunen, Sari Niinistö, Leena Forma, Suvi T. Itkonen, Tuuli E. Korhonen, Liisa Korkalo, Heli Kuusipalo, Jelena Meinilä, Kaija Nissinen, Susanna Raulio, Ros Sambell, Mari Åkerlund, Suvi M. Virtanen, Maijaliisa Erkkola

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Legumes can substitute for meat and are thus a particularly important food group for environmental sustainability. As the use of legumes among Finnish children is marginal, there is potential for a substantial increase in their consumption. However, food education delivered through early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings has rarely focused specifically on environmentally sustainable foods, such as legumes. This study describes the implementation and effectiveness of an ECEC-delivered food education intervention within the FoodStep study. Methods: The partially cluster-randomized FoodStep intervention aimed to increase the supply of vegetables, legumes, fruits, berries, and sustainable fish while reducing the provision …

Living Next Door To Mcdonald’S: A Qualitative Study Of Community Submissions And Resident Realities Pre- And Post Development, Roslyn Giglia, Jacinta Francis, Jana Buckle, Clare Whitton, Ros Sambell, Frith Klug, Lukar Thornton, Siobhan Hickling, Katherine Kent, Gina Trapp

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: The proliferation of fast-food outlets (FFOs) in residential areas has raised growing concerns about their impact on community health, safety, and wellbeing. This qualitative study examined both pre-development community consultation submissions and post-development resident experiences surrounding the development of a McDonald’s outlet in a newly established suburb on the urban fringe of Perth, Western Australia (WA). Methods: Using a qualitative descriptive design, the study analyzed 183 community submissions lodged with the local council prior to development and conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 residents living within 300 m of the outlet after construction. Results: Content analysis revealed strong opposition, with …

Local Government Policies Restricting Unhealthy Outdoor Food Advertising In Australia: Stakeholder Perspectives Identify Political Willingness Is Key To Overcoming Barriers, Alexia Bivoltsis, Frith Klug, Jacinta Francis, Clare Whitton, Gina S.A. Trapp, Claire E. Pulker

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Unhealthy outdoor food advertising is strongly linked to poor diet, highlighting the need for policies. Western Australian (WA) local governments (LGs) can restrict advertising on their owned infrastructure through their Public Health Plans, but limited policy action has occurred. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of WA LGs and public health organizations (PHOs) on current and potential policies restricting unhealthy outdoor food advertising on LG owned infrastructure to (1) identify barriers and enablers to the policy making process, (2) assess the current level of political willingness (i.e. political want, political can and political must) and (3) inform development …

Chlorinated Drinking Water Exposure Enriches Antimicrobial Resistance Pathways In The Infant Gut Microbiome: A Randomized Trial, Kimberley Parkin, Claus T. Christophersen, Valerie Verhasselt, Debra J. Palmer, Matthew N. Cooper, Susan L. Prescott, Desiree Silva, David Martino

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Water chlorination is essential for controlling harmful microbes in drinking water; however, the antimicrobial effects of chlorine-based disinfectants present in tap water may influence early-life gut microbial ecology.

Objective: To investigate the functional and compositional impact of chlorinated drinking water on the gut microbiome of infants.

Design: The waTer qUality and Microbiome Study (TUMS) was an Australian-based double-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Six-month-old infants (n = 197) received either de-chlorinated drinking water via benchtop filtration (treatment, n = 99), or regular chlorinated water (control, n = 98) for twelve months. Tap water and stool samples were collected at baseline and …

Preventive Behaviors Associated With Fall Incidence Among Older Adults Living In Rural Communities Of Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study, Rujira Nonsa-Ard, Sirapat Khodseewong, Kasama Wongprachum, Chaiwut Bourneow, Ploypailin Aneknan, Sumattana Glangkarn, Davina Porock

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: The escalating population of older adults poses a significant challenge, particularly in lower-middle-income countries like Thailand. Falls represent a critical public health concern in this demographic. This study aimed to identify risk factors influencing fall occurrence in older adults within a specific rural community context, where the majority of participants remain engaged in farm work.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design was utilized, involving 1,256 participants recruited by the multistage random sampling approach. Data were collected via a questionnaire that included: demographic information, the Thai version of the Barthel Activities of Daily Living (ADL), the Thai Fall Risk Assessment Tool …

Progression Of Non-Radiographic To Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Risk Model Based On A Chinese Cohort Study, Rui Ying Deng, Xiaojia Xu, Jian Hua Peng, Feng Cai Shen, Yao Gong, Dan Min Wang, Hong Jin Liang, Shu Xin Huang, Zhao Peng Chen, Wen Long Wu, Ze Xin Zheng, Ling Lin, Zhi Duo Hou

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objectives: To evaluate the progression from non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) to radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) in a Chinese cohort, identify associated risk factors in both clinical and imaging arms, and enable risk stratification based on these factors. Methods: Overall, 572 patients with nr-axSpA were enrolled with a median follow-up of 5 years. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were conducted to identify potential risk factors associated with the progression from nr-axSpA to r-axSpA in both clinical and imaging arms. A risk-scoring system was then developed by assigning each independent predictor a weight based on its regression coefficient. Patients were subsequently categorized …

A Dynamic Framework Of Professional Identity Formation In Trainees For Low-Resource Settings: A Qualitative Study, Yilin Chen, Peixin Lin, Hengshun Du, Jiaxin Wu, Xuanhua Zheng, Mi Yao, Kai Lin

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Professional Identity Formation (PIF) is a dynamic and context-dependent socialisation process; while existing research identifies various influencing factors, there is a paucity of cohesive frameworks that capture the stage-related internalisation of identity elements within practice. This gap is particularly salient in low-resource settings, such as China’s Rural-Streamed Medical Education Programme (RMEP), where substantial turnover and tenuous professional identity among trainees present significant challenges. Drawing upon the Ring Theory of Personhood (RToP) as a theoretical lens, this study aims to construct a dynamic framework for understanding PIF among RMEP trainees, thereby offering insights to enhance PIF for healthcare professionals in …

Paternal Age And Offspring Bone Health And Body Composition At 20 Years: Findings From The Raine Study, Mia A. Percival, Kun Zhu, John P. Walsh, Marc Sim, Kara B. Anderson, Julie A. Pasco, Natalie K. Hyde

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Aims: There is growing evidence supporting paternal contributions to child health. Previous findings from the Vitamin D In Pregnancy study suggest that advanced paternal age is associated with a range of poorer bone measures for offspring at age 11 years. Whether these associations are evident when peak bone mass is attained remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate associations between paternal age and offspring bone health and body composition at age 20 years.

Methods: Data from the Raine study, a multigenerational cohort, were used. Among 1183 offspring with total body DXA data (Norland XR-36 densitometer) at the 20-year follow up, …

Perspective: Improving Social Connection And Inclusion Through Equitable Digital Health Solutions, Dominika Kwasnicka, Jaimon Kelly, Eleanor Quested, Loretta Baldassar, Suzanne Robinson, Richard Sinnott, Paul O’Halloran, Anne Tiedemann, Paul Flatau, Rajna Ogrin, Jane Farmer, Abby C. King

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

In this Perspective, we address the critical intersection of digital health, social connection, and health equity. Taking an interdisciplinary and complex adaptive systems perspective, we highlight evidence-based digital solutions to improve social connection and inclusion and, consequently, health outcomes. We describe actionable strategies for ensuring that digital health innovations benefit all, highlighting how user-centered design can address diverse needs, particularly for structurally disadvantaged populations.

Temptation At The School Fence: A Qualitative Exploration Of The Impact Of External Food Outlets On The School Community, Sharonna Mossenson, Klug, Jacinta Francis, Siobhan Hickling, Lukar Thornton, Gina Trapp

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Retail food outlets are commonly located in close proximity to schools, providing students with opportunities to purchase and consume food enroute to or from school. These outlets are typically unhealthy and disproportionately clustered near schools, and this trend has been increasing over time. While quantitative studies have established associations between school food environments and adolescent dietary behaviours, little is known about how school personnel perceive and experience their impacts. This qualitative study explored perspectives of school personnel (n = 9) from a secondary school in Perth, Western Australia, located 150 m from two retail food precincts (areas with a high …

Recommendations From Health Research For Children And Adolescents Living In The Kimberley Region Of Western Australia: A Scoping Review, Lisa Cannon, Elizabeth J. Elliott, Andrew Dossetor, Tracey W. Tsang, Md Irteja Islam, Alexandra L. Martiniuk, Habiba Naanai, Tuguy Esgin, Emily Carter, Lauren J. Rice

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Aboriginal leaders in Western Australia’s Kimberley region have voiced concern that research conducted on their lands is not being adequately used to inform meaningful change. Objective: This scoping review, grounded in an Aboriginal-academic partnership, identifies the child and adolescent health-related research conducted in the region and summarises the authors’ recommendations for knowledge translation. Methods: Drawing on PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search of multiple databases for publications between January 1967 and June 2025, focusing on children aged ≤ 18 years. Data extraction was conducted using Covidence, and publications were categorised based on the International Classification of Diseases (11th …

Prevalence Of Vitiligo In East Africa: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Kedir Seid, Chala Getaneh Jaleta, Sintayehu Samuel Lorato, Mitiku Desalegn, Dawit Tesfaye Rundasa, Yohannes Godie Ashebir, Olyad Kuma Getahun, Gebeyehu Lakew, Mathewos Mekonnen Gemmechu, Mulualem Endeshaw Zeleke, Yibeltal Assefa Atalay, Amlaku Nigusie Yirsaw, Eyob Ketema Bogale, Abiy Hailu Tikuneh, Abas Ali Hassen, Eyasu Alem Lake, Tadesse Nigussie, Bushra Bibi, Fikiru Yigezu Y. Jaleta, Abebe Gedefaw Belete, Genanew Kassie Getahun

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Vitiligo is a chronic skin disorder characterized by the loss of melanocytes, resulting in depigmented macules and patches. No accurate estimate has been made of the prevalence of vitiligo in East Africa.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of vitiligo in East Africa via a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Eleven articles were retrieved from PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science and African Journals Online. Microsoft Excel was used to extract the data, which were then exported to STATA 17 …

Pooled Proportion And Associated Factors Of Postoperative Pain During The Recovery Time Among Adult Surgical Patients In An Ethiopian Setting With Limited Resources: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Sintayehu Samuel Lorato, Mitiku Desalegn, Kelemu Abebe Gelaw, Yohannes Godie Ashebir, Olyad Kuma Getahun, Gebeyehu Lakew, Mathewos Mekonnen Gemmechu, Tiruye Menshaw Tiruneh, Yibeltal Assefa Atalay, Amlaku Nigusie Yirsaw, Eyob Ketema Bogale, Natnael Atnafu Gebeyehu, Tewodros Shitemaw Tekoye, Genanew Kassie Getahun, Kedir Seid, Abel Tibebu Goshu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

No abstract provided.

Women's Experiences Of Menstrual Pain And Perceptions Of Acupuncture: A Qualitative Study, Weiting Liu, Amanda Towell-Barnard, Khui Hung Lee

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: Menstrual pain is a common reproductive health concern that can substantially disrupt physical, emotional, and social well-being, yet it is frequently normalised and insufficiently addressed within healthcare encounters. Acupuncture is increasingly used as a complementary approach for menstrual pain management; however, little qualitative research has explored how women understand, interpret, and navigate this option within their menstrual care.

Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted using four online focus groups with 14 women aged 19–46 years residing in Australia who self-reported primary dysmenorrhea. Participants were purposively sampled from respondents to a previous cross-sectional survey study who had indicated willingness …

Flourishing Childhood Frameworks: A Scoping Review, Jacqueline A. Davis, Zenobia Talati, Lisa Y. Gibson, Jack Kennare, Christina Bethell, Christina Hinton, Hannah Block, Tara D'Silva, Desiree Silva, Susan L. Prescott

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objectives: Experiences in early life impact childhood, lifelong flourishing, and overall well-being. Yet a framework to guide promoting and measuring flourishing in early childhood has not emerged. The objective of this study was to identify frameworks and measures related to promoting and assessing early-childhood flourishing (0-5 years) to build on a preexisting, community-informed framework.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted across electronic databases and the gray literature for articles published between 2014-2026. Of 13 902 total references, 8592 were eligible for screening. A machine learning-assisted tool (Research Screener) was used to streamline screening of the abstracts against the inclusion criteria. …

Global, Regional, And National Burden Of Road Injuries 1990–2023: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2023, Gbd 2023 Road Injuries Collaborators, Obed Adonteng-Kissi, Ebenezer Afrifa-Yamoah

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Road injuries are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Years of international efforts have aimed to strengthen policy engagement, including the 2020 UN General Assembly's proclamation of the Second Decade of Action for Road Safety (2021–30), targeting a 50% reduction in road traffic deaths and serious injuries by 2030. The aim of this study is to provide estimates to monitor progress and identify intervention gaps.

Methods: As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2023, we estimated incidence, mortality, and morbidity of road injuries for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to …

Cardiovascular Disease Incidence And Cancer Risk In Two Large European Prospective Cohorts, Emma Fontvieille, Vivian Viallon, Laia Peruchet-Noray, Quan Gan, N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, Yvonne Koop, Anne Tjønneland, Nicola Bondonno, Verena Katzke, Rudolf Kaaks, Matthias B. Schulze, Catarina Schiborn, Calogero Saieva, Vittorio Simeon, Claudia Agnoli, Rosario Tumino, Fulvio Ricceri, Leila Luján-Barroso, Maria José Sánchez, Conchi Moreno-Iribas, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Marc J. Gunter, Adam Butterworth, Elio Riboli, Heinz Freisling, Pietro Ferrari

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Our study investigated the association between incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and subsequent cancer risk in two large European prospective cohorts. We included 568,926 adults from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition and United Kingdom Biobank, all of whom were free of CVD, cancer and type 2 diabetes at baseline. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate cancer hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in relation to incident CVD events. CVD was treated as a time-varying exposure, and models accounted for time since CVD diagnosis and other lifestyle factors. Study-specific estimates were pooled using …

Underfunded And Undervalued: Community-Based Health Promotion Practitioners’ Experiences Of Western Australia’S Prevention Sector, Ruth M. Wallace, Leesa N. Costello, Elizabeth J. Cook

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Prevention is a central policy focus of contemporary health promotion, offering cost-effective strategies to reduce disease burden and improve population well-being. Despite this, Australia allocates a small proportion of its health budget to prevention, with funding models characterized by short-term cycles and competitive tendering. While the consequences for public health are well documented, the impact on the health promotion workforce remains underexplored. Workforce health and stability are critical for program delivery, ethical practice, continuity of relationships with communities, and the capacity to sustain long-term prevention efforts. This qualitative study examined the experience of 19 community-based health promotion practitioners in Western …

Understanding Barriers To Systems Change Among Regional Western Australian Food Security Initiative Leaders, Isabelle Chiera, Melissa Stoneham, Jess Doe, Amanda Devine, Stephanie L. Godrich

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Food security (FS) is a complex, 'wicked' issue involving regular and reliable physical, social, and economic access to food. People living in geographically isolated areas are disproportionately affected by FS challenges and addressing these issues demands a systems-based approach. The Food Community project has implemented an adapted Systemic Innovation Lab (SIL) approach to support FS initiatives operating across rural, regional, and remote Western Australia to enhance their effectiveness. This paper aimed to identify what FS initiative leaders perceive as barriers to delivering their services, in relation to undertaking activities that align with the 36 systems change characteristics embedded within the …

Towards Equivalence Of Care: Integrating Custodial Settings Into Alcohol And Other Drug Strategies In Australia, Thileepan Naren, Jocelyn Chan, Sarah Pellicano, Michael Curtis, Shelley Walker, Jocelyn Jones, Jarrah Duckett, Alexander Campbell, Stuart A. Kinner

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

No abstract provided.

Yorga Moorditj Koort: Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Women’S Perspectives About Heart Health On Noongar Boodjar, Elia Bidgood, Cathy Garlett, Richard Chenhall, Amie Bingham, Francine Eades, Emily Banks, Melinda J. Carrington, Grace Joshy, Sandra Eades, Tabassum Rahman

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

In Australia, despite overall declines in cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women develop heart disease earlier and experience more than twice the rate of related morbidity and mortality compared with non-Indigenous women. This study explores Aboriginal women’s understandings of the factors that shape their heart health and lived experiences of CVD. We spoke with 28 Aboriginal women aged ≥18 years—15 semistructured interviews and two yarning circles with an additional 13 Aboriginal women—with/without pre-existing CVD, and 10 healthcare professionals (HCPs) working with Aboriginal communities in the Perth metropolitan region, between May 2024 and April 2025. Data were …

Post-Vaccination Confidence In Covid-19 Vaccines And Associated Determinants In Post-War Context Of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: A Mixed-Methods Study, Genanew Kassie Getahun, Yohannes Addisu Wondimagegne, Alemayehu Deressa, Barkot Tamiru, Trhas Tadesse Berhe, Moges Mekonnen, Tsegay Hadgu, Znabu Hadush Kahsay, Mussie Alemayehu, Gebrehaweria Gebrekurstos, Joy Kenyi, Eshetu Girma, Finina Abebe Ware, Nardos Gelana, Menen Tsegaw, Eyob Ketema Bogale, Asaye Alamneh Gebeyehu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction It is widely recognized that access to and utilization of health services are negatively impacted by war. These effects worsen particularly when combined with pandemics such as COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to assess adults' COVID-19 post-vaccination confidence in the conflict-affected region of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Methods The study employed a concurrent parallel mixed-methods design, combining a quantitative survey of 1599 adults and six key informant interviews and six focus group discussions. Survey participants were selected using a multistage cluster sampling technique, while qualitative participants were purposively sampled. Quantitative data were collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire administered via …

Updating The Prisma Reporting Guideline For Scoping Reviews: A Scoping Review, Andrea C. Tricco, Emily Robinson, Sharon E. Straus, Heather Colquhoun, Christina M. Godfrey, David Moher, Zachary Munn, Danielle Pollock, Sherrie Logan, Ellen B.M. Elsman, Sabira Hasanoff, Yonda Lai, James Mcmahon, Jasmeen Dourka, Dipika Neupane, Hanan Khalil, Micah D.J. Peters, Lyndsay Alexander, Romy M. Jia, Ashrita Saran, Catrin Evans, Dawid Pieper

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background and Objectives The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews (ScRs) (PRISMA-ScR) was published in 2018 to provide reporting guidance. A substantial increase in published ScRs in recent years coupled with the omission or lack of engagement of interest-holders, including patients and public partners, as research partners throughout its development necessitate updating PRISMA-ScR. Important methodological advancements have emerged since PRISMA-ScR 2018, including automation and data extraction, which need to be incorporated into this update and reflected in new reporting items. Aligned with PRISMA 2020, this ScR underpins the update by identifying potential new …

Cardiovascular Health And Life Expectancy In Chronic Kidney Disease, Peipei Liu, Di Liu, Yulong Lan, Qi Zhang, Qiao Lu, Kang An, Jingyu Wang, Shuohua Chen, Shouling Wu, Youxin Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 674 million people worldwide and accounted for 35.6 million years of life lost in 2021.1 Premature mortality in CKD is driven largely by cardiovascular disease (CVD),2 and management of modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors remains essential alongside pharmacological renoprotection. Life's Essential 8 (LE8),3 a validated composite measure of cardiovascular health (CVH), has been associated with lower mortality in CKD,4 yet prior studies have relied on relative risk estimates, leaving the absolute survival benefit and the extent to which high CVH can close the life-expectancy gap between patients with and without CKD unclear. We therefore examined …

Applying The Ottawa Charter To Evaluate Health Literacy Outcomes Of The Little Aussie Bugs Course For Australian Early Childhood Educators, Amelia Ruscoe, Elizabeth J. Cook, Eleanor K. O'Brien, Leesa N. Costello, Gillian Kirk, Ros Sambell, Theresa Rayfield, Amanda Devine, Ruth M. Wallace

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Early childhood offers an important opportunity to lay the foundations for lifelong health literacy. The Little Aussie Bugs (LAB) dialogic book series and online professional development (PD) course were designed to support Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) educators to embed health literacy concepts, including hygiene, healthy eating, and oral health, into everyday learning routines. This mixed methods study evaluated the course pilot and examined its contribution through the lens of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion—a framework comprising five interrelated action areas: building healthy public policy; creating supportive environments; strengthening community action; developing personal skills; and reorienting health services. …

Sagittal Abdominal Diameter And Abdominal Aortic Calcification Are Associated With Incident Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events: The Manitoba Bone Density Registry, Haftom N. Abraha, Abadi K. Gebre, Marc Sim, Cassandra Smith, Syed Zulqarnain Gilani, Zaid Ilyas, Fatima Zarzour, John T. Schousboe, Lisa M. Lix, Neil Binkley, Siobhan Reid, Barret A. Monchka, Douglas Kimelman, Joshua R. Lewis, William D. Leslie

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

BackgroundSagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), a measure of visceral adiposity, has been linked to major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). However, the relationship between SAD and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), a marker of subclinical vascular disease, and whether they independently and jointly predict MACE remains unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate whether weight-normalized SAD and AAC scored using a validated machine learning algorithm (ML-AAC24) are independently and jointly associated with incident MACE.MethodsSAD and ML-AAC24 were measured from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) posteroanterior and lateral spine images, respectively, from the Manitoba Bone Density registry.ResultsAmong 8806 individuals (mean age 75.1 ± 6.6 years, 93.9% women), 11.3% experienced MACE …