Surgery Commons^™

Which Systemic Responses Should We Evolve To Help Surgeons Navigate Their Regret Experiences?, Ryan X Lam, Ruhi Thapar, Eric J Silberfein, Lorenzo R Deveza

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Regret in surgical practice is typically construed as resulting from the commission or the omission of a specific action at a specific decision point, which leads to a deleterious outcome. This article suggests a need to expand this conception of surgical regret to better account for surgeons' regret experiences arising from factors beyond their control. The commentary accompanying the case investigates these external sources of regret, such as resource limitations or professional interpersonal dynamics that prevent a desired outcome from being realized. It also discusses the normative value of addressing surgeons' experiences of regret, especially as a catalyst to facilitate …

Evaluating Dysphagia Duration And Severity After Acdf In Patients With Underlying Dysphagia - A Prospective, Multicenter Study, Aditya Mazmudar, Taylor Paziuk, Khoa Tran, Tyler Henry, Samuel Oh, Caroline Purtill, Daniel Habbal, Goutham Yalla, Quinlin Harrill, Brandon Sherrod, Erica Bisson, Darrel Brodke, Christopher Kepler, Gregory Schroeder, Alex Vaccaro, Alan Hilibrand, Jeffrey Rihn

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the impact of preoperative dysphagia on the postoperative incidence and severity of dysphagia in patients undergoing ACDF at multiple institutions.

METHODS: After IRB approval, patients over 18 years of age who underwent an elective ACDF for degenerative conditions were prospectively enrolled at two academic centers from 2018 to 2021. Preoperative dysphagia was self-reported by patients through a pre-operative questionnaire on a binary basis. Patients completed dysphagia surveys (Bazaz, Dysphagia Short Questionnaire, 10-item Eating Assessment Tool) to assess dysphagia severity during their preoperative visit, and these …

Early Diet Liberalization After Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Improves Postoperative Recovery, Tiffany Bridges, Matthew Meade, Parker L. Brush, Yunsoo Lee, Rajkishen Narayanan, Michael A. Mccurdy, Mark J. Lambrechts, Alex Charlton, Eleanor Jenkins, Robert Juniewicz, Henson Destine, I. David Kaye, Mark Kurd, Jose A. Canseco, Alan S. Hilibrand, Alex R. Vaccaro, Gregory D. Schroeder, Christopher K. Kepler

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of diet liberalization on short-term outcomes in patients undergoing anterior interbody lumbar fusion (ALIF).

METHODS: A retrospective review was performed for patients undergoing ALIF at our tertiary care center institution from 2010 to 2022. Electronic medical records were reviewed for demographics, surgical characteristics, and 90-day postoperative outcomes.

RESULTS: We included 515 patients in this study with 102 patients receiving a full diet on the same day as their operation. All other patients had a delay of at least 1 day (average 1.6 days) until …

An Update In Complication Rates Associated With Anterior Lumbar Surgery: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Tariq Z Issa, Teeto Ezeonu, Mason Sellig, Chester J Donnally, Rajkishen Narayanan, Brian A Karamian, Parthik D Patel, Srikanth N Divi, William A Robinson, Kartik Shenoy, Christopher K Kepler, Alexander R Vaccaro, Jose A Canseco

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic Review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of complications associated with different anterior fusion techniques/approaches and adjuvant resources (i.e., computed tomography angiography (CTA), rhBMP-2, and access surgeons).

METHODS: A systematic review was conducted from 1/1/2014-4/1/2024 for studies evaluating the incidence of complications associated with anterior lumbar procedures. Comparisons of complications were made between surgical approach, use of CTA, rhBMP-2, and access surgeons. Meta-analyses were conducted using a generalized linear mixed model.

RESULTS: 54 studies were included in the final analysis with 8066 patients and an average follow-up of 31.2 months. The overall …

Open-Hybrid Aortic Stent Placement For Recurrent Coarctation In Complex Single Ventricles, Andrew K Morse, Blaz Podgorsek, Julija Dobrila, Zachary A Cerra, Kiran K Mallula, Muhammad S Khan, Christopher E Greenleaf, Jorge D Salazar, Damien J Lapar, Peter C Chen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Recurrent coarctation of the aorta in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome requires timely intervention to limit ventricular dysfunction and atrioventricular valve regurgitation. Current strategies include catheter-based intervention in adequately sized patients or surgical arch augmentation at the time of a concomitant operation. We report an open-hybrid surgical technique with placement of a balloon-expandable stent that can later be expanded to an adult size as the patient grows. Limiting the arch dissection reduces the risk to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve and shortens anterograde cerebral perfusion time.

Massive Gastroduodenal Trichobezoar Removed With Hydrodissection: A Case Report, Seth Saylors, Cory Nonnemacher, Irene Isabel P. Lim

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Introduction

Case presentation

Synthetic Versus Biologic Mesh For Complex Open Ventral Hernia Repair: Three-Year Follow-Up Of A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial, Nalia H. Dhanani, Nicole B. Lyons, Kyung Hyun Lee, Oscar A. Olavaarria, Aris R. Arakelians, Julie L. Holihan, Lillian S. Kao, Ali Siddiqui, Connor Hogan, Tunmi Anwoju, Zuhair Ali, Mike K. Liang

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

Biologic mesh is often used in complex hernia repair, but there has been limited clinical evidence to date to support this practice. The aim of this study was to compare clinical and patient-reported outcomes of biologic versus synthetic mesh for complex open ventral hernia repair (OVHR) at 3 years.

Methods

Patients from a single center, randomized, controlled, pilot trial comparing biologic versus synthetic mesh in complex OVHR were followed for 3 years. The primary outcome focused on major complications, namely mesh infections, hernia recurrences, reoperations, and deaths. Secondary outcomes included surgical site infections, surgical site occurrences, and patient-reported outcomes. …

Androgen Receptor Ubiquitination Links Kctd13 To Genitourinary Tract Defects, Ahmed Chahdi, Carolina Jorgez, Jill A Rosenfeld, Neetu Neetu, Abhishek Seth

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 13 (KCTD13) protein is a substrate-specific adapter for cullin3-based E3 ubiquitin ligase. Patients with copy number variants at this locus exhibit genitourinary tract anomalies. In this study, we show that decreased androgen receptor (AR) protein level correlated with increased AR ubiquitination in the testis of Kctd13-deficient mice, suggesting that KCTD13 inhibits AR ubiquitination. KCTD13 increased CUL3-dependent AR ubiquitination but had no effect on CUL3 binding to AR, confirming the role of KCTD13 as an adaptor of CUL3 ligase. Recombinant KCTD13 directly binds to recombinant AR, and the BTB domain of KCTD13 is critical for …

Increasing Risk Of Postlung Transplant Hospitalizations For Infection: An Analysis Of Recent Trends, Shi Nan Feng, Armaan F. Akbar, Alice L. Zhou, Andrew Kalra, Sean Agbor-Enoh, Christian A. Merlo, Errol L. Bush

SKMC Student Presentations and Publications

BACKGROUND: Despite advancements in lung transplantation (LT), infection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality following LT. We examined trends in hospitalizations for infection in the first year after LT.

METHODS: We identified adult LT recipients in the United States (March 1, 2018-March 9, 2023) using the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database. We categorized transplants into 3 eras to account for the Composite Allocation Score allocation policy change and coronavirus disease 2019: March 2018 to March 2020, March 2020 to March 2022, and March 2022 to March 9, 2023. One-year post-LT survival was compared using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis …

Interprofessional Simulation Education In Surgery, John T. Paige, Laura Bonanno

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Despite the increased emphasis on simulation-based interprofessional education (Sim-IPE) over the last 2 decades, surgical teamwork continues to suffer from ineffective dynamics requiring educational interventions to help improve it. This paper will provide an overview of the status of interprofessional simulation education in surgery by addressing the following topics: (1) team dynamics in surgery, (2) key concepts related to IPE and its benefits, and (3) salient examples of Sim-IPE in surgery with implementation tips.

Ultrasound-Triggered Release Of Vancomycin From A Novel Spinal Device: Antibiotic Release And Efficacy In Vivo, Lauren J. Delaney, Priscilla Machado, Ji-Bin Liu, Rachel Evans, Asia Winslow, Neil Zhao, Christopher K. Kepler, Rajkishen Narayanan, Teeto Ezeonu, Viren Soni, Gagan Kaushal, Rachel Hilliard, Thomas P. Schaer, Noreen J. Hickok, Flemming Forsberg

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

Post-surgical spinal infection occurs in up to 20 % of patients, despite aggressive peri-operative antibiotic treatments. To improve prophylaxis, we have designed and evaluated an ultrasound-activated prophylactic antibiotic release system to combat post-surgical bacterial survival. Polylactic acid (PLA) clips (1 cm³) were 3D-printed with an interior reservoir (0.8 cm³) for carrying drug payload, specifically vancomycin (VAN). Under IACUC approval, clips were surgically implanted into the spines of sheep (n = 9) and swine (n = 2) by removing the spinous process at several levels of the lumbar spine. In the sheep, clips were insonated and the …

A Narrative Review Of Barriers To Utilization Of Surgical Risk Assessment Calculators, Jacob Lahti, Kaiya A. Noe, Abigail Veenstra, Sarah Gallitto, Victoria I. De Leon, Thomas C. Varkey, Nimit Agarwal

Annual Research Symposium

Over the last several decades, it has become the desire of surgical and medical teams to decrease risk levels involved for patients undergoing surgery. However, despite the advent of risk assessment calculators to help physicians obtain more accurate and objective judgements for postoperative complications, these tools are underutilized in standard clinical practices in comparison to other methods of risk assessment. This is likely due at least in part to certain barriers that decrease their functionality and ease of use. This review discusses the major barriers to the utilization of current risk calculators so as to allow for a better understanding …

Simplicity Is The Ultimate Sophistication: Ume Lessons From Trauma-Focused Simulation, Victoria-Marie Berlandi-Short, Kelsey Yang, Jonmark Dolendo, Grace Hwang, Brianna Kuhse, Samuel Blees, Sherli Koshy-Chenthittayil, Brad Haubrich

Annual Research Symposium

Purpose: Simulation-based training has become essential in preparing medical professionals to manage high-stakes situations effectively before encountering them in real-life clinical settings. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Cut Suit Week (CSW), a high-stress, trauma-focused simulation training for second-year military medical students hosted by Rocky Vista College of Osteopathic Medicine in San Diego, California. As members of the 2024 cohort, our team from Touro University Nevada (TUN) and Touro University California (TUC) sought to address three questions: (1) Does CSW improve confidence in managing stressful situations? (2) Does it enhance clinical and leadership skills? (3) Would similar training …

High-Output Cardiac Failure Caused By Large Coronary Artery Fistulas Treated With Coil Embolization, Nawal Mustafa, Blain Tafaesse, Hajra Nadeem, Muhammad Mustafa

The VAD Journal

There are many causes of high-output cardiac failure. We present a unique case of high-output cardiac failure caused by multiple coronary-to-pulmonary artery (PA) fistulas, which, to our knowledge, is a rare finding that has not been previously researched. The purpose of our case report is to highlight the importance of considering coronary-to-PA fistulas in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with high-output cardiac failure. Our patient presented to the emergency department with shortness of breath and underwent nuclear stress testing, which, through cardiac catheterization, revealed coronary-to-PA fistulas as the cause of the high-output cardiac failure. These fistulas were successfully treated …

Treatment Of Small Intracranial Aneurysms Using The Smallss Scoring System: A Novel System For Decision Making, Mira Salih, Michael Young, Thomas B. Fodor, Alexander Andreev, Samuel D. Pettersson, Joanna M. Roy, Basel Musmar, Max Shutran, Phillip Taussky, Christopher S. Ogilvy

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) less than 7 mm is controversial. We created a scoring system to guide decision making and validated the system utilizing over 700 cases treated with microsurgery or endovascular procedures.

METHODS: The scoring system SMALLSS included Size, (4-7 mm: 1 point, < 3.9 mm: 0 point), Multiple aneurysms (yes: 1, no: 0), Anatomic location (posterior: 1, anterior: 0), Lineage- family history of aneurysm (yes:1, no: 0), Lifetime risk (age < 65: 1, age > 65: 0), Smoking history (yes: 1, no: 0 ), Shape (irregular:1, smooth:0 ). Validation of this system was performed through retrospective review of prospectively maintained data for UIA patients treated between 2014 and 2021. We then performed an external validation of a cohort of 200 small aneurysms < 7 mm treated at a high volume cerebrovascular center.

RESULTS: A total of 1152 cases …

Task-Shifting And Task-Sharing In Low And Middle-Income Countries (Lmic’S): Impact On Surgical Outcomes And Global Healthcare Delivery, Nate Nyberg, Matthew Hill, Anna Liles, Elizabeth Amera, Sarah Ngo, Triston Crook

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

Innovations And Adaptations Of Laparoscopic Surgery To Resource-Limited Settings In Low And Middle-Income Countries (Lmic’S), Nate Nyberg, Kennedy Scheele, Chelsea Chang, Erica Tutuwan, Sarah Siddiqui

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

Describing The Intersection Of Ethnicity And Gender In Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Hamza Rshaidat, Isheeta Madeka, Gregory L. Whitehorn, Jonathan Martin, Shale J. Mack, Sneha Alaparthi, Tyler R. Grenda, Nathaniel R. Evans Iii, Olugbenga T. Okusanya

Jefferson Hospital Staff Papers and Presentations

Objective

Methods

Surgical Repair Of An Atypical Midsubstance Distal Biceps Tendon Partial Tear: A Case Report, Michael M. Valenzuela, Genoveffa R. Morway, Christopher M. Jones

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Novel Intraoperative Applications Of Fluorescence Imaging Using Indocyanine Green In Pediatric Urology, Albert S T Lee, Ching Man Carmen Tong

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRF) with the use of indocyanine green (ICG) has been recently adopted in pediatric urology after its well-published use in the adult population. As a powerful tool that can help delineate complex anatomy and congenital anomalies, we discuss the various applications of this imaging in minimally invasive and open surgery in pediatric urology.

RECENT FINDINGS: The most reported applications of ICG in pediatric urology are within minimally invasive surgery, particularly varicoceles, renal surgery such as nephrectomies and renal tumor excision, mimicking its use in adult urology. ICG has also been applied to reconstructive urology …

Anatomy And Variations Of The Carina And Its Cartilaginous Makeup: A Cadaveric Study, Chung Yoh Kim, Kristen Rizzuto, Daniel Tahan, Devendra Shekhawat, Rarinthorn Samrid, Yoko Tabira, Stephen J. Bordes, Joe Iwanaga, R. Shane Tubbs

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Purpose: The carina, located at the bifurcation of the trachea, has been regarded as a part of the trachea. Although clinically useful as an anatomical landmark, studies of its detailed morphology are lacking in the literature. Methods: The distal trachea and left and right main bronchi were harvested from 32 cadavers and the carina studied using microsurgical dissection, endoscopy, micro-CT, and histology. Results: The right bronchial cartilages were most commonly involved in forming the carina (72.41%), and the left bronchial cartilages were the second most commonly involved (37.93%). The carinal cartilages were slightly deviated to the left of midline in …

Estrogen Receptor-Α Ablation Reverses Muscle Fibrosis And Inguinal Hernias, Tanvi Potluri, Tianming You, Ping Yin, John Coon, Jonah J Stulberg, Yang Dai, David J Escobar, Richard L Lieber, Hong Zhao, Serdar E Bulun

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Fibrosis of the lower abdominal muscle (LAM) contributes to muscle weakening and inguinal hernia formation, an ailment that affects a noteworthy 50% of men by age 75 and necessitates surgical correction as the singular therapy. Despite its prevalence, the mechanisms driving LAM fibrosis and hernia development remain poorly understood. Using a humanized mouse model that replicates the elevated skeletal muscle tissue estrogen concentrations seen in aging men, we identified estrogen receptor-α (ESR1) as a key driver of LAM fibroblast proliferation, extracellular matrix deposition, and hernia formation. Fibroblast-specific ESR1 ablation effectively prevented muscle fibrosis and herniation, while pharmacological ESR1 inhibition with …

Early Surgical Decompression For The Treatment Of Hourglass-Like Constriction Of The Posterior Interosseus Nerve, Nathan Redlich, Matan Ozery, Adam Haydel, Charles Cush, Rasheed Ahmad

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) syndrome refers to a rare compressive neuropathy of the PIN resulting in motor dysfunction of the forearm extensor compartment. Often, surgical exploration will reveal extrinsic structures that mechanically compress the nerve. Less frequently, PIN syndrome has been reported with a visible hourglass-like constriction and no identifiable causative adjacent structures. In our report, we describe an adolescent patient with PIN syndrome and associated hourglass-like constriction of the PIN. For diagnosis, we used physical examination, preoperative imaging, nerve studies, and intraoperative findings. To monitor recovery, we performed serial neurological examinations and documented patient-reported functional outcomes. The patient underwent …

Aortoduodenal Syndrome: A Rare Case Of Duodenal Obstruction Due To Endovascular Aneurysm Endoleak., Raksha Adhikari, Parth Patel, Christopher Tait

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

Aortoduodenal syndrome results from expansion of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, leading to symptoms of upper gastrointestinal obstruction. Endovascular aneurysm repair of large or symptomatic aortic aneurysms has become an important treatment modality for patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. However, a large proportion of these grafts are complicated by endoleaks that can lead to a spectrum of significant symptoms. We present a case of rapidly worsening gastrointestinal obstructive symptoms in a patient with an already repaired aortic stent graft and a solitary kidney, found to be due to a type III endoleak that improved after emergent repeat endovascular aneurysm repair.

Understanding Hip Pain Through Social Media: An Initial Overview Of An International Web-Based Survey, John M. Gaddis, Erika Shults, Bretton Laboret, Ryan Bialaszewski, Katerina Wells, Charles South, Joel Wells

School of Medicine Publications

Background: We aimed to understand the adult experience of hip pain through a web-based REDCap platform via social media. The purpose of this study was to assess the possibility of collecting patient-reported data through social media in people with hip pain while outlining the contents of the survey and analyzing the demographics of the sample population.

Methods: The survey link was active from October 1, 2023, to May 1, 2024, and available on social media platforms. Respondents provided consent prior to survey participation. Responses were anonymous, and only unique, fully complete surveys were analyzed. The comprehensive hip survey included demographic …

Validation Of A Novel Landmark-Guided Intra-Articular Postero-Medial Surgeon-Administered Injection Technique, Nicolas S. Piuzzi, Andrew I. Spitzer, Jason Mussell, Ignacio Pasqualini, Stan Dysart, Jeffrey Gonzales, Michael A. Mont, Jess H. Lonner, William Mihalko

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: This study aimed to define an intra-articular surgeon-administered technique that may be comparable to ultrasound (US)-guided adductor canal block (ACB). Methods: Five cadaver lower limbs were examined. An anesthesiologist administered a US-guided ACB using 20 mL of dilute indocyanine dye. An orthopedic surgeon performed a medial parapatellar arthrotomy and introduced an 18-gauge needle 1-2 cm proximal to the palpated adductor tubercle angled posteromedially. Needle position and dye spread were fluoroscopically documented. Results: This technique consistently reached the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve, nerve to the vastus medialis muscle, and posterior capsule, with minimal proximal dye spread. Conclusions: This …

American Cochlear Implant Alliance Position Statement On Newborn Congenital Cytomegalovirus Screening, Megan Honor Pesch, Kevin David Brown, Amy L Birath, Gail J Demmler-Harrison, Cailtin Sapp, Anne Morgan Selleck, Alex D Sweeney

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

It is estimated that 1 in every 200 US newborns has congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV). Delayed identification of cCMV in newborns precludes timely intervention to mitigate sequelae of the infection such as hearing loss and other neurological complications. Newborn testing for cCMV enables appropriate diagnosis and intervention by multidisciplinary teams to properly manage the immediate sequelae of cCMV, avoid unnecessary additional testing that can result from delayed diagnosis, and monitor for future complications. It is the position of the American Cochlear Implant Alliance, the National CMV Foundation, and the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery that universal newborn cCMV screening …

A Comparison Of Commonly Utilized Diagnostic Biopsy Techniques For Pediatric Patients With Cancer: A Systematic Review By The Apsa Cancer Committee., Martha Teke, Barrie S. Rich, Ashley Walther, Dana Schwartz, Lucas A. Mcduffie, Gisela Butera, Jonathan P. Roach, David H. Rothstein, Dave R. Lal, Kimberly Riehle, Andres Espinoza, Nicholas Cost, Elisabeth Tracy, David Rodeberg, Timothy Lautz, Jennifer H. Aldrink, Erin G. Brown

Surgery Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Historically, surgical biopsy (SB) for diagnosis of pediatric solid tumors was considered necessary to provide adequate tissue for histologic and molecular analysis. Less invasive biopsy techniques such as image-guided core needle biopsy (CNB), have shown comparable accuracy with decreased morbidity in some adult studies. However, data regarding the safety and efficacy of CNB in pediatric tumors is limited. This study's aim was to assess the overall rate of successful diagnosis and safety of CNB compared to SB in children with malignancies.

METHODS: A PRISMA compliant systematic review was performed in MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase and CINAHL Plus database searches …

American Society For Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Guideline On The Diagnosis And Management Of Gerd: Methodology And Review Of Evidence, Asge Standards Of Practice Committee, Madhav Desai, Wenly Ruan, Nirav C Thosani, Manuel Amaris, J Stephen Scott, Ahmed Saeed, Barham Abu Dayyeh, Marcia Irene Canto, Wasif Abidi, Omeed Alipour, Stuart K Amateau, Natalie Cosgrove, Sherif E Elhanafi, Nauzer Forbes, Divyanshoo R Kohli, Richard S Kwon, Larissa L Fujii-Lau, Jorge D Machicado, Neil B Marya, Saowanee Ngamruengphong, Swati Pawa, Sunil G Sheth, Nikhil R Thiruvengadam, Bashar J Qumseya

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

This clinical practice guideline from the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) provides an evidence-based approach for strategies to diagnose and manage GERD. This document was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework and serves as an update to the prior ASGE guideline on the role of endoscopy in the management of GERD (2014). The updated guideline addresses the indications for endoscopy in patients with GERD, including patients who have undergone sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). It also discusses endoscopic evaluation of gastroesophageal junctional integrity comprehensively and uniformly. Important, this guideline discusses …

Spectrum Of Venous Thromboembolism In Adult Patients With Ulcerative Colitis In Pakistan: A Single Center Retrospective Study, Masood Muhammad Karim, , Hafsa Shaikh, Faisal Wasim Ismail

Department of Medicine

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are at a 2-8-fold higher risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) as compared to the general population. Although the exact pathogenesis is unclear, the literature suggests that increased risk of thromboembolic events in such patients occurs as a result of increased coagulation factors, inflammatory cytokines, and reduction in anticoagulants leading to a prothrombotic state.
Aim: To assess the prevalence, risk factors, management, and outcome of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients who develop VTE.
Methods: This was a retrospective chart review done in The Gastroenterology Department of The Aga Khan University Hospital. Data was collected from …