Surgery Commons^™

Surgical Stabilization Versus Nonoperative Treatment For Flail And Non-Flail Rib Fracture Patterns In Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury, Jonne T. H. Prins, Esther M. M. Van Lieshout, Francis Ali-Osman, Zachary M. Bauman, Eva-Corina Caragounis, Jeff Choi, D. Benjamin Christie Iii, Peter A. Cole, William B. Devoe, Julie Whitis

School of Medicine Publications

Purpose

Literature on outcomes after SSRF, stratified for rib fracture pattern is scarce in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI; Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 12). We hypothesized that SSRF is associated with improved outcomes as compared to nonoperative management without hampering neurological recovery in these patients.

Methods

A post hoc subgroup analysis of the multicenter, retrospective CWIS-TBI study was performed in patients with TBI and stratified by having sustained a non-flail fracture pattern or flail chest between January 1, 2012 and July 31, 2019. The primary outcome was mechanical ventilation-free days and secondary outcomes were in-hospital outcomes. …

Clinical Symptoms Contributing To Zenker's Diverticulum Repair: A Retrospective Review, Jhon F. Martinez Paredes, Razan Al Fakir, Amy L. Rutt

School of Medicine Publications

Objective: Zenker's diverticulum (ZD) is usually associated with dysphagia and other symptoms due to the interrelated functions of several systems. Surgical management of ZD is effective for all sizes of diverticula, but not all patients decide to undergo surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between clinical presentation and patients' decision to undergo surgical repair.

Subjects and methods: This is a retrospective study including 165 patients with ZD treated over the last 11 years. Data collection includes patients' chief complaints and symptoms, medical history, findings on radiologic swallow evaluations, and patients' decision to undergo surgery. Pearson …

Challenges And Opportunities For Immunotherapeutic Intervention Against Myeloid Immunosuppression In Glioblastoma, Mark A Exley, Samantha Garcia, Amelia Zellander, Jenny Zilberberg, David W. Andrews

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and deadly brain cancer, exemplifies the paradigm that cancers grow with help from an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In general, TME includes a large contribution from various myeloid lineage-derived cell types, including (in the brain) altered pathogenic microglia as well as monocyte-macrophages (Macs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and dendritic cell (DC) populations. Each can have protective roles, but has, by definition, been coopted by the tumor in patients with progressive disease. However, evidence demonstrates that myeloid immunosuppressive activities can be reversed in different ways, leading to enthusiasm for this therapeutic approach, both alone and …

Perceptions And Behaviors Of Learner Engagement With Virtual Educational Platforms., K J Dickinson, K E Caldwell, E A Graviss, D T Nguyen, M M Awad, J Olasky, S Tan, J H Winer, Kevin Y. Pei Md, Mhsed, Facs

Other Specialties

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased utilization of educational technology for surgical education. Our aim was to determine attitudes and behaviors of surgical education champions towards virtual educational platforms and learner engagement.

METHODS: An electronic survey was distributed to all Association of Surgical Education members addressing i) methods of engagement in virtual learning ii) ways to improve engagement and iii) what influences engagement. Stratified analysis was used to evaluate differences in responses by age, gender, level of training and specialty.

RESULTS: 154 ASE members completed the survey (13% response rate). 88% respondents accessed virtual learning events at home. Most (87%) …

Treatment Of Nonsurgical Refractory Back Pain With High-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation At 10 Khz: 12-Month Results Of A Pragmatic, Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial., Leonardo Kapural, Jessica Jameson, Curtis Johnson, Daniel Kloster, Aaron Calodney, Peter Kosek, Julie Pilitsis, Markus Bendel, Erika Petersen, Chengyuan Wu, Taissa Cherry, Shivanand P Lad, Cong Yu, Dawood Sayed, Johnathan Goree, Mark K Lyons, Andrew Sack, Diana Bruce, Frances Rubenstein, Rose Province-Azalde, David Caraway, Naresh P Patel

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Objective: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) at 10 kHz (10-kHz SCS) is a safe and effective therapy for treatment of chronic low-back pain. However, it is unclear from existing evidence whether these findings can be generalized to patients with chronic back pain that is refractory to conventional medical management (CMM) and who have no history of spine surgery and are not acceptable candidates for spine surgery. The authors have termed this condition "nonsurgical refractory back pain" (NSRBP) and conducted a multicenter, randomized controlled trial to compare CMM with and without 10-kHz SCS in this population.

Methods: Patients with NSRBP, as defined …

Angiotensin Blockade Therapy And Survival In Pancreatic Cancer: A Population Study, Scott W Keith, Vittorio Maio, Hwyda A Arafat, Matthew Alcusky, Thomas Karagiannis, Carol Rabinowitz, Harish Lavu, Daniel Z. Louis

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive and challenging cancer types to effectively treat, ranking as the fourth-leading cause of cancer death in the United States. We investigated if exposures to angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) or angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors after PC diagnosis are associated with survival.

Methods: PC patients were identified by ICD-9 diagnosis and procedure codes among the 3.7 million adults living in the Emilia-Romagna Region from their administrative health care database containing patient data on demographics, hospital discharges, all-cause mortality, and outpatient pharmacy prescriptions. Cox modeling estimated covariate-adjusted mortality hazard ratios …

P118. Colonic Stent Presenting With Stent Impaction And Erosion Through The Colonic Wall, Benjamin Randall Hart, Jon Hain

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Background: Colonic stenting has been shown to be effective as a palliative measure in colorectal cancer when

patients present with obstructing symptoms. However, its efficacy when used for complications of colonic anastomoses are less well-studied. We present a case report of an elderly gentleman with a colonic stent placed for anastomotic stricture, which led to stent migration stent impaction with erosion in the sigmoid colon.

A 92-year-old gentleman presented to the ED with several days worth of nausea and vomiting. He had recently undergone a partial colectomy with an ileocolonic anastomosis approximately one year prior and then had a covered …

Abcc6 Null Mice-A Model For Mineralization Disorder Pxe Shows Vertebral Osteopenia Without Enhanced Intervertebral Disc Calcification With Aging, Paige K Boneski, Vedavathi Madhu, Ryan Tomlinson, Irving Shapiro, Koen Van De Wetering, Makarand V Risbud

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

Chronic low back pain is a highly prevalent health condition intricately linked to intervertebral disc degeneration. One of the prominent features of disc degeneration that is commonly observed with aging is dystrophic calcification. ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 6 (ABCC6), a presumed ATP efflux transporter, is a key regulator of systemic levels of the mineralization inhibitor pyrophosphate (PPi). Mutations in ABCC6 result in pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a progressive human metabolic disorder characterized by mineralization of the skin and elastic tissues. The implications of ABCC6 loss-of-function on pathological mineralization of structures in the spine, however, are unknown. Using the Abcc6 -/- …

Early Postoperative Arrhythmias After Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Surgery: A 5-Year Audit From A Lower- To Middle-Income Country, Sidra Ishaque, Saleem Akhtar, Asma Akbar Ladak, Russell Seth Martins, Muhammad Kamran Younis Memon, Alisha Raza Kazmi, Fatima Mahmood, Anwar Ul Haque

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Postoperative arrhythmias are a known complication after surgical repair for congenital heart disease (CHD). This study aimed to identify and discuss the prevalence, diagnosis, and management of common rhythm disturbances seen in the immediate postoperative period after surgery for CHD in the pediatric population at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan between January 2014 and December 2018. All pediatric (old) patients admitted to the intensive care unit and undergoing continuous electrocardiographic monitoring after surgery for CHD were included in this study. Data pertaining to the incidence, …

Current Perspectives Of Oncoplastic Breast Surgery In Pakistan, Lubna Mushtaque Vohra, Dua Jabeen, Danish Ali, Syeda Sakina Abidi, Sana Zeeshan, Abida Khalil Sattar

Section of General Surgery

Oncoplastic breast surgery is based on the concept of tumour-specific immediate reconstruction. It combines both local and distant techniques to maintain breast texture, symmetry and cosmesis without compromising oncological outcome. The current narrative review was planned to highlight the current state and future of oncoplastic breast surgery in low- and middle-income countries where its utilisation in surgical practice remains insubstantial because majority of the surgeons who are treating breast cancer are either general surgeons or breast surgeons who do not have expertise in oncoplastic breast surgery or reconstructive surgery. Moreover, scarcity of financial resources, ignorance about oncoplastic breast surgery techniques, …

Diagnostic Accuracy Of Axillary Nodal Ultrasound After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy In Node-Positive Breast Cancer Patients: A Validation Study, Syeda Sakina Abidi, Lubna Mushtaque Vohra, Asad Ali Kerawala, Imrana Masroor, Muhammad Umair Tahseen

Section of General Surgery

Objective: To determine the accuracy and false negative rate of axillary ultrasound compared to sentinel node biopsy.
Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from February 1 to March 31, 2021, and comprised data of breast cancer patients who had undergone neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by axillary lymph node dissection or axillary disease diagnosed using lymph node biopsy or sentinel lymph node biopsy between January 1, 2016, and December 30, 2020. After receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, axillary ultrasound findings were compared with histopathology of lymph nodes. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.
Results: Of the 155 …

Conceptual Framework For A Cardiac Surgery Simulation Laboratory And Competency-Based Curriculum In Pakistan - A Short Innovation Report, Ali Aahil Noorali, Asma A H. Merchant, Sardar Shahmir Babar Chauhan, Mustafa Ali Khan, Anam Noor Ehsan, Mohammad Bin Pervez, Muhammad Tariq, Saulat Fatimi

Medical College Documents

Simulation is a commonly utilized technique in healthcare education as it provides trainees a realistic, but safe, environment to learn a variety of skills. Trainees belonging to fields known for high stakes with low margins for error, such as cardiac surgery, can greatly benefit from simulation-based education. We propose the establishment of the first multi-tier high fidelity cardiac surgery simulation lab with a structured curriculum that will eventually provide multidisciplinary training to promising cardiac surgeons across Pakistan. The simulation lab may also be used for research, grant acquisition and patent development. Our setup will include the following levels of simulation: …

Perioperative Registries In Resource-Limited Settings: The Way Forward For Pakistan, Usama Waqar, Shaheer Ahmed, Ayesha Nasir Hameed, Namrah Aziz, Hina Inam

Medical College Documents

Capable of improving surgical quality, perioperative registries can allow performance benchmarking, reliable reporting and the development of risk-prediction models. Well established in high-income countries, perioperative registries remain limited in lower- and middle-income countries due to several challenges. First, ensuring comprehensive data entry forums to power the registries is difficult because of limited electronic medical records requiring sustained efforts to develop and integrate these into practice. Second, lack of adequate expertise and resources to develop and maintain registry software necessitates the involvement of software developers and information technology personnel. Third, case ascertainment and item completion are challenging secondary to poor-quality medical …

Path To Publication: A Peer Mentorship Model For Student-Lead Surgical Research, Usama Waqar, Hareem Rauf, Muskaan Abdul Qadir, Hina Inam

Medical College Documents

Early and sustained involvement in research is imperative for medical students to ensure better career prospects in addition to provision of high-quality, evidence-based care to patients. However, involvement of students in surgical research still remains limited, owing to inadequate research training. The current paper was planned to describe the structure of the "Path to Publication" series, incorporating peer mentorship with capacity-building research workshops for medical students. A total of 25 students were grouped into 8 surgical subspecialty groups to conduct research, supervised by experienced student research and faculty mentors. In addition, a series of research workshops were organized in synchronization …

Radial Artery Coronary Bypass Grafting: Surgical Outcomes Of An Unexplored Innovation In A Developing Country, Russell Seth Martins, Laiba Masood, Mabrooka Kazi, Mishal Gillani, Ayesha Sadiq, Hina Inam, Saulat Fatimi

Medical College Documents

Objective: To explore postoperative outcomes, particularly prolonged length of hospital stay, in radial artery coronary artery bypass graft patients in a tertiary-care setting.
Methods: The pilot prospective cohort study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from September 2019 to September 2020, and comprised adult patients of either gender due to undergo coronary artery bypass grafting for coronary artery disease involving two or more vessels. The subjects were approached for the use of their radial artery as a conduit. Prolonged length of hospital stay was defined as postoperative stay >9 days. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify …

The Environment Under The Knife: A Review Of Current Eco-Surgical Strategies And Recommendations For Pakistan, Russell Seth Martins, Edward Anthony Joseph, Javeria Tariq, Namrah Aziz, Saulat H. Fatimi

Medical College Documents

The healthcare sector at its core is based on the fundamentals belief to do no harm and bring about betterment in the lives of the people. Paradoxically, hospitals are one of the leading contributors to pollution, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and toxic waste material worldwide. Surgical care delivery is quite resource intensive, consuming significant amount of energy and equipment as well as producing large quantities of waste. With climate change being a global priority, it is crucial that hospitals re-evaluate the environmental impact of such practices. The current review was planned to identify areas of improvement in surgical care in …

Innovations In Surgery Between The Past And Future: A Narrative Review Of Targeted Literature, Obada Hasan, Ahmed Ayaz, Laiba Masood, Abdul Mannan Baig, Naveed Baloch

Medical College Documents

Innovation is the introduction of a new method or technology designed to change the way things are done. History is full of remarkable innovations in surgery over the years as surgeons have always been innovating and pioneering latest techniques and equipment that can benefit the mankind. Though persistent, progress has been far from uniform. Despite all the bells and whistles that these innovations bring to the table, the little acknowledged fact is that they are only accessible to a very small proportion of the global population. Five billion people on this planet do not even have access to an operating …

Surgical Training In Ophthalmology: Role Of Eyesi In The Era Of Simulation-Based Learning, Sehrish Nizar Ali Momin, Abdul Sami Memon, Muhammad Bilal Malik, Pir Salim Meher

Section of Ophthalmology

Recent advancements in surgical training methods have escalated the need for simulators. The EyeSi simulation has played a major role in Ophthalmology training by providing opportunity to the novice residents to grasp the surgical steps of the procedure and master the skill by repeated attempts. Participants were assessed on single level of cataract module and their consecutive scores were assessed with each attempt. It was found that repetitive practice on simulator can help develop proficiency in the desired steps that can ultimately prepare the surgical trainees for real life surgery.

Temporary Epicardial Pacing Wires In Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: Necessity Or Force Of Habit?, Mian Mustafa Kamal, Abdul Ahad Sohail, Majid Osman, Shiraz Hashmi, Muhammad Mehdi, Asma Altaf Hussain Merchant, Hasanat Sharif

Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Objective: To determine the frequency of Temporary epicardial pacing wires usage and its predictors in the immediate postoperative period in isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Methods: The longitudinal study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from September 2019 to August 2020, and comprised adult patients of either gender who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass graft in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery. Demographic, peri-operative and post-operative Temporary Epicardial Pacing Wires use data was extracted from patient's files and the institutional electronic database. Logistic regression models were built to explore predictors of Temporary epicardial pacing wires usage. Data …

Surgeons And Ethical Challenges In Operating Room, Nazim Syed Muhammad, Syed Shahabuddin

Section of Urology

Ethics lie in the heart of professionalism. In surgery, it represents an essential element, with surgeons facing ethical challenges in their routine practice. The rapid expansion of surgical technology and innovation along with the use of resources and consideration of conflict of interest have brought up the need for the development of current surgical code of ethics. Operating room represents a stressful environment where patients' lives depend upon careful preparation, planning and execution. The progression of surgery within the operating room must be done in harmony and in line with the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. Discussion …

What After Bcg Fails In Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer?, M Hammad Ather

Section of Urology

No abstract provided.

A Bibliometric Analysis Of The Studies On Dental Implant Failure, Farhan Raza Khan, Syed Murtaza Raza Kazmi, Yusra Fahim Siddiqui

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objective: To identify top 30 studies related to dental implant failures based on bibliometric analysis.
Methods: The bibliometric study was conducted at Aga Khan University, Karachi from April 2021 to June 2021 and comprised database search on Google Scholar used key words "dental implant failures" for studies published between 1990 and 2020. The selected studies were reviewed based on citation count for which the cut-off date was June 1, 2021.
Results: The top 30 papers on dental implant failures had median citation count of 153 (range: 41-1583. Most of the studies were retrospective 11(36.7%), followed by literature reviews 6(20%). The …

Β-Aminopropionitrile-Induced Aortic Aneurysm And Dissection In Mice, Hisashi Sawada, Zachary A. Beckner, Sohei Ito, Alan Daugherty, Hong S. Lu

Saha Cardiovascular Research Center Faculty Publications

The mechanistic basis for the formation of aortic aneurysms and dissection needs to be elucidated to facilitate the development of effective medications. β-Aminopropionitrile administration in mice has been used frequently to study the pathologic features and mechanisms of aortic aneurysm and dissection. This mouse model mimics several facets of the pathology of human aortic aneurysms and dissection, although many variables exist in the experimental design and protocols that must be resolved to determine its application to the human disease. In the present brief review, we have introduced the development of this mouse model and provided insights into understanding its pathologic …

In A Digitally Connected World Through Likes, Hashtags And Followers - Advancing Surgical Research Through A Social Media: A Narrative Review, Sabah Uddin Saqib, Qamar` Riaz, Russell Seth Martins, Amna Riaz, Hasnain Zafar

Department for Educational Development

In this era of modern information technology, the world is now digitally connected through various platforms on social media, which has changed the way medical professionals work, communicate and learn. The use of social media in surgery is expanding, and it is now becoming an essential tool for surgical training, research and networking. Articles, journal clubs and surgical conferences are within reach of everyone regardless of geographical location worldwide. Electronic publications have now resoundingly replaced printed editions of journals. Collaborative research through social media platforms helps collect diverse data, enhancing the research's global generalisability. The current narrative review was planned …

Role Of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography To Differentiate Intraretinal Microvascular Abnormalities And Retinal Neovascularization In Diabetic Retinopathy, Abdul Sami Memon, Nasir A. Memon, Pir Salim Mahar

Department of Surgery Docs

Objective: To assess proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and to describe the difference in angiographic representation of new vessels (NVs) and Intra retinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA) on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was performed at ISRA Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Karachi, from March 2018 to September 2018. Forty-two eyes of 21 patients with history of diabetes mellitus (DM) were examined. Twenty-eight eyes with a clinical diagnosis of severe non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) according to early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) were included and evaluated using Swept source optical coherence tomography …

Surgical Research: Exploring Our History - Navigating The Future, Nadeem Ahmed Siddiqui, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim, Syed Ather Enam

Department of Surgery Docs

No abstract provided.

Analysing The Trends In Breast Surgery Practice During Covid-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Study With The Pre-Covid Era, Lubna M. Vohra, Dua Jabeen, Nargis Khan, Azmeena Nizar, Anum Jamil, Tariq Siddiqui

Section of General Surgery

Background: The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has crippled the healthcare systems all over the world. Cancer treatment is indispensable and disruption in its provision can lead to unanticipated consequences. No local data exists that has quantified the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer surgery in a lower middle-income country (LMIC), therefore, the present retrospective comparative cohort study is directed to determine the trends in breast surgery operative volumes and its outcomes at our institution in Pakistan.
Materials and methods: Data was collected retrospectively from Pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 era to determine impact of the current pandemic on …

Barriers In Surgical Research: A Perspective From The Developing World, Nadeem Ahmed Siddiqui, Muhammad Aanish Raees, Rehan Nasir Khan, Farhan Zafar

Department of Surgery Docs

Research in surgery has led to significant advances over the last century in terms of how medicine is practised in and outside the operating rooms today. Surgical research in the developed countries is responsible for most of this advancement, but it is often inapplicable in resource-limited settings in the developing world. Lower- and middle-income countries are in a unique position to take this work further, but they are limited by certain barriers. These barriers could broadly be classified under social and cultural, infrastructure, financial, ethical, and personal categories. These barriers are often not fully realised, but can potentially be addressed …

Artificial Intelligence In Dentistry, Orthodontics And Orthognathic Surgery: A Literature Review, Tania Arshad Siddiqui, Rashna Hoshang Sukhia, Dinaz Ghandhi

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Artificial intelligence is the ability of machines to work like humans. The concept initially began with the advent of mathematical models which gave calculated outputs based on inputs fed into the system. This was later modified with the introduction of various algorithms which can either give output based on overall data analysis or by selection of information within previous data. It is steadily becoming a favoured mode of treatment due to its efficiency and ability to manage complex conditions in all specialities. In dentistry, artificial intelligence has also popularised over the past few decades. They have been found useful for …

Bonded Amalgam As A Fissure Sealant In Low-Income Setting: A Randomised Controlled Trial, Farhan Raza Khan, Samreen Liaquat, Ghazala Rafique, Syed Iqbal Azam, Arshad Hasan

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objectives: To compare one year retention rate of bonded amalgam sealants (BAS) with that of conventional resin-based sealant (RBS).
Methods: It was a parallel group, equivalence, randomised controlled trial done during March 2018 to December 2019 at the dental clinics of Dow University of Health Sciences, and the Jinnah Sind Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan on children aged 12-16 years, who were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups (BAS vs. RBS). Complete retention of the sealant at one year follow-up was labeled as success. Multi-level mixed effect logistic regression model was employed. Study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov # …