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Articles 1021 - 1050 of 1798

Full-Text Articles in Psychiatry

Reliability Of An Fmri Paradigm For Emotional Processing In A Multisite Longitudinal Study, D. G. Gee, S. C. Mcewen, J. K. Forsyth, K. M. Haut, C. E. Bearden, K. S. Cadenhead, H. Mirzakhanian, B. A. Cornblatt, D. Olvet, T. D. Cannon, +14 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Reliability Of An Fmri Paradigm For Emotional Processing In A Multisite Longitudinal Study, D. G. Gee, S. C. Mcewen, J. K. Forsyth, K. M. Haut, C. E. Bearden, K. S. Cadenhead, H. Mirzakhanian, B. A. Cornblatt, D. Olvet, T. D. Cannon, +14 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Multisite neuroimaging studies can facilitate the investigation of brain-related changes in many contexts, including patient groups that are relatively rare in the general population. Though multisite studies have characterized the reliability of brain activation during working memory and motor functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks, emotion processing tasks, pertinent to many clinical populations, remain less explored. A traveling participants study was conducted with eight healthy volunteers scanned twice on consecutive days at each of the eight North American Longitudinal Prodrome Study sites. Tests derived from generalizability theory showed excellent reliability in the amygdala ( Erho2 = 0.82), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG; …

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Subcortical Modulation In Auditory Processing And Auditory Hallucinations, T. Ikuta, P. Derosse, M. Argyelan, K. H. Karlsgodt, P. B. Kingsley, P. R. Szeszko, A. K. Malhotra Jan 2015

Subcortical Modulation In Auditory Processing And Auditory Hallucinations, T. Ikuta, P. Derosse, M. Argyelan, K. H. Karlsgodt, P. B. Kingsley, P. R. Szeszko, A. K. Malhotra

Journal Articles

Hearing perception in individuals with auditory hallucinations has not been well studied. Auditory hallucinations have previously been shown to involve primary auditory cortex activation. This activation suggests that auditory hallucinations activate the terminal of the auditory pathway as if auditory signals are submitted from the cochlea, and that a hallucinatory event is therefore perceived as hearing. The primary auditory cortex is stimulated by some unknown source that is outside of the auditory pathway. The current study aimed to assess the outcomes of stimulating the primary auditory cortex through the auditory pathway in individuals who have experienced auditory hallucinations. Sixteen patients …

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White Matter Microstructure In The Executive Network Associated With Aggression In Healthy Adolescents And Young Adults, K. H. Karlsgodt, A. A. Bato, M. A. Blair, P. Derosse, P. Szeszko, A. K. Malhotra Jan 2015

White Matter Microstructure In The Executive Network Associated With Aggression In Healthy Adolescents And Young Adults, K. H. Karlsgodt, A. A. Bato, M. A. Blair, P. Derosse, P. Szeszko, A. K. Malhotra

Journal Articles

Predicting which individuals may engage in aggressive behavior is of interest in today's society; however, there is little data on the neural basis of aggression in healthy individuals. Here, we tested whether regional differences in white matter (WM) microstructure were associated with later reports of aggressive tendencies. We recontacted healthy young adults an average of 3 years after they underwent research MRI scans. Via electronic survey, we administered the Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire. We divided aggression into Aggressive Thoughts (Anger and Hostility subscales) and Aggressive Acts (Verbal and Physical subscales) and used Tract-Based Spatial Statistics to test the relationship of …

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The Accumbofrontal Tract: Diffusion Tensor Imaging Characterization And Developmental Change From Childhood To Adulthood, K. H. Karlsgodt, M. John, T. Ikuta, P. Rigoard, B. D. Peters, P. Derosse, A. K. Malhotra, P. R. Szeszko Jan 2015

The Accumbofrontal Tract: Diffusion Tensor Imaging Characterization And Developmental Change From Childhood To Adulthood, K. H. Karlsgodt, M. John, T. Ikuta, P. Rigoard, B. D. Peters, P. Derosse, A. K. Malhotra, P. R. Szeszko

Journal Articles

The presence of an anatomical connection between the orbitofrontal cortex and ventral striatum, forming a so-called reward network, is well established across species. This connection has important implications for reward processing and is relevant to a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, white matter (WM) is known to continue to mature across adolescence and into early adulthood, and developmental change in the reward network is an important component of models of decision making and risk taking. Despite the importance of this connection, the underlying WM has only recently been characterized in humans histologically, and not yet in-vivo using brain imaging. Here, …

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Treatment Of Early Non-Response In Patients With Schizophrenia: Assessing The Efficacy Of Antipsychotic Dose Escalation, A. Loebel, L. Citrome, C. U. Correll, J. Xu, J. Cucchiaro, J. M. Kane Jan 2015

Treatment Of Early Non-Response In Patients With Schizophrenia: Assessing The Efficacy Of Antipsychotic Dose Escalation, A. Loebel, L. Citrome, C. U. Correll, J. Xu, J. Cucchiaro, J. M. Kane

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

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Self-Awareness Of Functional Impairment In Individuals At Clinical High-Risk For Psychosis, D. M. Olvet, R. E. Carrion, A. M. Auther, B. A. Cornblatt Jan 2015

Self-Awareness Of Functional Impairment In Individuals At Clinical High-Risk For Psychosis, D. M. Olvet, R. E. Carrion, A. M. Auther, B. A. Cornblatt

Journal Articles

AimsA major public health concern associated with schizophrenia is the long-term disability that involves an inability to function independently in the community. An individual's self-awareness of functional impairment may be a significant factor contributing to long-term disability. In fact, subjective interpretation of one's illness impacts treatment participation and adherence, and is linked to poor outcomes. However, it remains unclear how illness-related functional impairment is perceived by individuals prior to the onset of psychosis. This study aims to examine the relationship between clinician-based and self-report assessments of functioning, as well as the contribution of clinical symptoms to this relationship in individuals …

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Age And Sex Effects On Corpus Callosum Morphology Across The Lifespan, D. M. Prendergast, B. Ardekani, T. Ikuta, M. John, B. Peters, P. Derosse, R. Wellington, A. K. Malhotra, P. Szeszko Jan 2015

Age And Sex Effects On Corpus Callosum Morphology Across The Lifespan, D. M. Prendergast, B. Ardekani, T. Ikuta, M. John, B. Peters, P. Derosse, R. Wellington, A. K. Malhotra, P. Szeszko

Journal Articles

The corpus callosum (CC) is the largest interhemispheric white matter tract in the human brain, and is characterized by pronounced differences in morphology among individuals. There are limited data, however, regarding typical development, sex differences, and the neuropsychological correlates of individual differences within CC subregions. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging exams were collected in a large cohort (N=305) of healthy individuals (ages 8-68). We used a highly reliable program to automatically identify the midsagittal plane and obtain CC subregion measures according to approaches described by Witelson [1989]: Brain 112:799-835 and Hampel et al. [1998]: Arch Neurol 55:193-198 and a measure of …

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A Randomized Comparison Of Aripiprazole And Risperidone For The Acute Treatment Of First-Episode Schizophrenia And Related Disorders: 3-Month Outcomes, D. G. Robinson, J. A. Gallego, M. John, G. Petrides, Y. Hassoun, J. P. Zhang, L. Lopez, R. J. Braga, M. Naraine, N. Bennett, J. Greenberg, T. Lencz, C. U. Correll, J. M. Kane, A. K. Malhotra, +4 Additional Authors Jan 2015

A Randomized Comparison Of Aripiprazole And Risperidone For The Acute Treatment Of First-Episode Schizophrenia And Related Disorders: 3-Month Outcomes, D. G. Robinson, J. A. Gallego, M. John, G. Petrides, Y. Hassoun, J. P. Zhang, L. Lopez, R. J. Braga, M. Naraine, N. Bennett, J. Greenberg, T. Lencz, C. U. Correll, J. M. Kane, A. K. Malhotra, +4 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Research findings are particularly important for medication choice for first-episode patients as individual prior medication response to guide treatment decisions is unavailable. We describe the first large-scale double-masked randomized comparison with first-episode patients of aripiprazole and risperidone, 2 commonly used first-episode treatment agents. One hundred ninety-eight participants aged 15-40 years with schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder or psychotic disorder Not Otherwise Specified, and who had been treated in their lifetime with antipsychotics for 2 weeks or less were randomly assigned to double-masked aripiprazole (5-30mg/d) or risperidone (1-6mg/d) and followed for 12 weeks. Positive symptom response rates did not differ (62.8% …

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Prescription Practices In The Treatment Of First-Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Data From The National Raise-Etp Study, D. G. Robinson, N. R. Schooler, M. John, C. U. Correll, P. Marcy, J. Severe, A. Goldstein, S. Azrin, R. Heinssen, J. M. Kane, +7 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Prescription Practices In The Treatment Of First-Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Data From The National Raise-Etp Study, D. G. Robinson, N. R. Schooler, M. John, C. U. Correll, P. Marcy, J. Severe, A. Goldstein, S. Azrin, R. Heinssen, J. M. Kane, +7 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Objective: Treatment guidelines suggest distinctive medication strategies for first-episode and multiepisode patients with schizophrenia. To assess the extent to which community clinicians adjust their usual treatment regimens for first-episode patients, the authors examined prescription patterns and factors associated with prescription choice in a national cohort of early-phase patients. Method: Prescription data at study entry were obtained from 404 participants in the Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode Project's Early Treatment Program (RAISE-ETP), a nationwide multisite effectiveness study for patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Treatment with antipsychotics did not exceed 6 months at study entry. Results: The authors identified 159 …

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Relationship Of Cognition To Clinical Response In First-Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, J. W. Trampush, T. Lencz, P. Derosse, M. John, J. A. Gallego, G. Petrides, Y. Hassoun, J. P. Zhang, J. Addington, C. H. Kellner, M. Tohen, K. E. Burdick, T. Goldberg, J. M. Kane, D. G. Robinson, A. K. Malhotra Jan 2015

Relationship Of Cognition To Clinical Response In First-Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, J. W. Trampush, T. Lencz, P. Derosse, M. John, J. A. Gallego, G. Petrides, Y. Hassoun, J. P. Zhang, J. Addington, C. H. Kellner, M. Tohen, K. E. Burdick, T. Goldberg, J. M. Kane, D. G. Robinson, A. K. Malhotra

Journal Articles

First-episode schizophrenia (FES) spectrum disorders are associated with pronounced cognitive dysfunction across all domains. However, less is known about the course of cognitive functioning, following the first presentation of psychosis, and the relationship of cognition to clinical course during initial treatment. The present longitudinal study examined the magnitude of neurocognitive impairment, using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, in patients experiencing their first episode of psychosis at baseline and after 12 weeks of randomized antipsychotic treatment with either aripiprazole or risperidone. At baseline, FES patients evidenced marked impairments in cognitive functioning. Notably, performance on the mazes task of planning and reasoning …

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Independent Evidence For An Association Between General Cognitive Ability And A Genetic Locus For Educational Attainment, J. W. Trampush, T. Lencz, S. Guha, S. Mukherjee, P. Derosse, M. John, O. A. Andreassen, I. J. Deary, D. C. Glahn, A. K. Malhotra, +41 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Independent Evidence For An Association Between General Cognitive Ability And A Genetic Locus For Educational Attainment, J. W. Trampush, T. Lencz, S. Guha, S. Mukherjee, P. Derosse, M. John, O. A. Andreassen, I. J. Deary, D. C. Glahn, A. K. Malhotra, +41 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Cognitive deficits and reduced educational achievement are common in psychiatric illness; understanding the genetic basis of cognitive and educational deficits may be informative about the etiology of psychiatric disorders. A recent, large genome-wide association study (GWAS) reported a genome-wide significant locus for years of education, which subsequently demonstrated association to general cognitive ability (g) in overlapping cohorts. The current study was designed to test whether GWAS hits for educational attainment are involved in general cognitive ability in an independent, large-scale collection of cohorts. Using cohorts in the Cognitive Genomics Consortium (COGENT; up to 20,495 healthy individuals), we examined the relationship …

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Outcome Of Youth With Early-Phase Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders And Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified Treated With Second-Generation Antipsychotics: 12 Week Results From A Prospective, Naturalistic Cohort Study, D. L. Vernal, S. Kapoor, A. Al-Jadiri, E. Sheridan, Y. Borenstein, C. Mormando, L. David, S. Singh, A. J. Seidman, M. Carbon, E. Saito, J. M. Kane, C. U. Correll, +2 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Outcome Of Youth With Early-Phase Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders And Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified Treated With Second-Generation Antipsychotics: 12 Week Results From A Prospective, Naturalistic Cohort Study, D. L. Vernal, S. Kapoor, A. Al-Jadiri, E. Sheridan, Y. Borenstein, C. Mormando, L. David, S. Singh, A. J. Seidman, M. Carbon, E. Saito, J. M. Kane, C. U. Correll, +2 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess differences in the outcomes of youth with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SCZ-S) and psychotic disorder not otherwise specified (PsyNOS) during early antipsychotic treatment. METHODS: The study was a prospective, naturalistic, inception cohort study of youth

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Evidence From Structural And Diffusion Tensor Imaging For Frontotemporal Deficits In Psychometric Schizotypy, P. Derosse, G. C. Nitzburg, T. Ikuta, B. D. Peters, A. K. Malhotra, P. Szeszko Jan 2015

Evidence From Structural And Diffusion Tensor Imaging For Frontotemporal Deficits In Psychometric Schizotypy, P. Derosse, G. C. Nitzburg, T. Ikuta, B. D. Peters, A. K. Malhotra, P. Szeszko

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Previous studies of nonclinical samples exhibiting schizotypal traits have provided support for the existence of a continuous distribution of psychotic symptoms in the general population. Few studies, however, have examined the neural correlates of psychometric schizotypy using structural and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). METHODS: Healthy volunteers between the ages of 18 and 68 were recruited from the community and assessed using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire and received structural and DTI exams. Participants with high (N = 67) and low (N = 71) psychometric schizotypy were compared on gray and white matter volume, and cortical thickness in frontal and temporal …

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White Matter Development In The Early Stages Of Psychosis, B. D. Peters, K. H. Karlsgodt Jan 2015

White Matter Development In The Early Stages Of Psychosis, B. D. Peters, K. H. Karlsgodt

Journal Articles

Schizophrenia has been conceptualized as a disorder of both neurodevelopment and a disorder of connectivity. One important aspect of the neurodevelopmental hypothesis is that schizophrenia is no longer thought to have discrete illness time points, but rather a long trajectory of brain changes, spanning many years, across a series of stages of the disease including the prodrome, first episode, and chronic period. As the disease progresses, there is a complex relationship between age related changes and disease related changes. Therefore, neural changes, and specifically white matter based connectivity changes, in schizophrenia may be best conceptualized based on a lifespan trajectory. …

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Cross-Disorder Genome-Wide Analyses Suggest A Complex Genetic Relationship Between Tourette's Syndrome And Ocd, D. Yu, C. A. Mathews, R. D. Bruun, C. Budman, N. J. Cox, D. L. Pauls, +113 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Cross-Disorder Genome-Wide Analyses Suggest A Complex Genetic Relationship Between Tourette's Syndrome And Ocd, D. Yu, C. A. Mathews, R. D. Bruun, C. Budman, N. J. Cox, D. L. Pauls, +113 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette's syndrome are highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorders that are thought to share genetic risk factors. However, the identification of definitive susceptibility genes for these etiologically complex disorders remains elusive. The authors report a combined genome-wide association study (GWAS) of Tourette's syndrome and OCD. METHOD: The authors conducted a GWAS in 2,723 cases (1,310 with OCD, 834 with Tourette's syndrome, 579 with OCD plus Tourette's syndrome/chronic tics), 5,667 ancestry-matched controls, and 290 OCD parent-child trios. GWAS summary statistics were examined for enrichment of functional variants associated with gene expression levels in brain regions. Polygenic score analyses …

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Default Mode Network Segregation And Social Deficits In Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence From Non-Medicated Children., Benjamin E Yerys, Evan M Gordon, Danielle N Abrams, Theodore D Satterthwaite, Rachel Weinblatt, Kathryn F Jankowski, John Strang, Lauren Kenworthy, William D. Gaillard, Chandan J Vaidya Jan 2015

Default Mode Network Segregation And Social Deficits In Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence From Non-Medicated Children., Benjamin E Yerys, Evan M Gordon, Danielle N Abrams, Theodore D Satterthwaite, Rachel Weinblatt, Kathryn F Jankowski, John Strang, Lauren Kenworthy, William D. Gaillard, Chandan J Vaidya

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Functional pathology of the default mode network is posited to be central to social-cognitive impairment in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Altered functional connectivity of the default mode network's midline core may be a potential endophenotype for social deficits in ASD. Generalizability from prior studies is limited by inclusion of medicated participants and by methods favoring restricted examination of network function. This study measured resting-state functional connectivity in 22 8-13 year-old non-medicated children with ASD and 22 typically developing controls using seed-based and network segregation functional connectivity methods. Relative to controls the ASD group showed both under- and over-functional connectivity within …

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North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (Napls 2) The Prodromal Symptoms, J. Addington, L. Liu, L. Buchy, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, B. A. Cornblatt, D. O. Perkins, C. E. Bearden, D. H. Mathalon, T. H. Mcglashan, +4 Additional Authors Jan 2015

North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (Napls 2) The Prodromal Symptoms, J. Addington, L. Liu, L. Buchy, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, B. A. Cornblatt, D. O. Perkins, C. E. Bearden, D. H. Mathalon, T. H. Mcglashan, +4 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

In studies describing the long-term follow-up up of youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis, little attention has been given to details of specific prodromal symptoms. In this paper, we describe the prodromal symptoms of 764 CHR participants recruited in the multi-site North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS). Symptoms were rated on the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) at baseline and 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month follow-ups. Clinical outcome at the 2-year assessment was categorized as psychotic, prodromal progression, symptomatic or in remission. Most of the CHR sample (92%) met criteria for the attenuated positive symptoms syndrome (APSS). Significant …

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Association Of Thalamic Dysconnectivity And Conversion To Psychosis In Youth And Young Adults At Elevated Clinical Risk, A. Anticevic, K. Haut, J. D. Murray, G. Repovs, B. Goodyear, K. S. Cadenhead, H. Mirzakhanian, B. A. Cornblatt, D. Olvet, T. D. Cannon, +16 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Association Of Thalamic Dysconnectivity And Conversion To Psychosis In Youth And Young Adults At Elevated Clinical Risk, A. Anticevic, K. Haut, J. D. Murray, G. Repovs, B. Goodyear, K. S. Cadenhead, H. Mirzakhanian, B. A. Cornblatt, D. Olvet, T. D. Cannon, +16 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

IMPORTANCE: Severe neuropsychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, affect distributed neural computations. One candidate system profoundly altered in chronic schizophrenia involves the thalamocortical networks. It is widely acknowledged that schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that likely affects the brain before onset of clinical symptoms. However, no investigation has tested whether thalamocortical connectivity is altered in individuals at risk for psychosis or whether this pattern is more severe in individuals who later develop full-blown illness. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether baseline thalamocortical connectivity differs between individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis and healthy controls, whether this pattern is more severe in those …

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Strategies For Health Research: Lessons From 3 Mobile Intervention Studies, D. Ben-Zeev, S. M. Schueller, M. Begale, J. Duffecy, J. M. Kane, D. C. Mohr Jan 2015

Strategies For Health Research: Lessons From 3 Mobile Intervention Studies, D. Ben-Zeev, S. M. Schueller, M. Begale, J. Duffecy, J. M. Kane, D. C. Mohr

Journal Articles

The capacity of Mobile Health (mHealth) technologies to propel healthcare forward is directly linked to the quality of mobile interventions developed through careful mHealth research. mHealth research entails several unique characteristics, including collaboration with technologists at all phases of a project, reliance on regional telecommunication infrastructure and commercial mobile service providers, and deployment and evaluation of interventions "in the wild", with participants using mobile tools in uncontrolled environments. In the current paper, we summarize the lessons our multi-institutional/multi-disciplinary team has learned conducting a range of mHealth projects using mobile phones with diverse clinical populations. First, we describe three ongoing projects …

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Long-Acting Injectable Versus Daily Oral Antipsychotic Treatment Trials In Schizophrenia: Pragmatic Versus Explanatory Study Designs, C. A. Bossie, L. D. Alphs, Christoph Correll Jan 2015

Long-Acting Injectable Versus Daily Oral Antipsychotic Treatment Trials In Schizophrenia: Pragmatic Versus Explanatory Study Designs, C. A. Bossie, L. D. Alphs, Christoph Correll

Journal Articles

Trial design characteristics related to the explanatory:pragmatic spectrum may contribute toward the inconsistent results reported in studies comparing long-acting injectable (LAI) versus daily oral antipsychotic (AP) treatments in schizophrenia. A novel approach examined the hypothesis that a more pragmatic design is important to show the advantages of LAI versus oral APs. A literature search identified comparative studies assessing the clinical efficacy/effectiveness of LAI versus oral APs in more than 100 schizophrenia patients, with 6-month or more duration/follow-up, and published between January 1993 and December 2013 (n=11). Each study's design was rated using the six-domain ASPECT-R (A Study Pragmatic:Explanatory Characterization Tool-Rating). …

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Perfectionism Related To Self-Reported Insomnia Severity, But Not When Controlled For Stress And Emotion Regulation, S. Brand, R. Kirov, N. Kalak, M. Gerber, U. Puhse, S. Lemola, Christoph Correll, S. Cortese, T. Meyer, E. Holsboer-Trachsler Jan 2015

Perfectionism Related To Self-Reported Insomnia Severity, But Not When Controlled For Stress And Emotion Regulation, S. Brand, R. Kirov, N. Kalak, M. Gerber, U. Puhse, S. Lemola, Christoph Correll, S. Cortese, T. Meyer, E. Holsboer-Trachsler

Journal Articles

Background: Perfectionism is understood as a set of personality traits such as unrealistically high and rigid standards for performance, fear of failure, and excessive self-criticism. Previous studies showed a direct association between increased perfectionism and poor sleep, though without taking into account possible mediating factors. Here, we tested the hypothesis that perfectionism was directly associated with poor sleep, and that this association collapsed, if mediating factors such as stress and poor emotion regulation were taken into account. Methods: Three hundred and forty six young adult students (M=23.87 years) completed questionnaires relating to perfectionism traits, sleep, and psychological functioning such as …

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Abnormal Movements In First-Episode, Nonaffective Psychosis: Dyskinesias, Stereotypies, And Catatonic-Like Signs, M. T. Compton, F. Fantes, C. R. Wan, S. Johnson, E. F. Walker Jan 2015

Abnormal Movements In First-Episode, Nonaffective Psychosis: Dyskinesias, Stereotypies, And Catatonic-Like Signs, M. T. Compton, F. Fantes, C. R. Wan, S. Johnson, E. F. Walker

Journal Articles

Motor abnormalities represent a neurobehavioral domain of signs intrinsic to schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, though they are commonly attributed to medication side effects and remain understudied. Individuals with first-episode psychosis represent an ideal group to study innate movement disorders due to minimal prior antipsychotic exposure. We measured dyskinesias, stereotypies, and catatonic-like signs and examined their associations with: (1) age at onset of psychotic symptoms and duration of untreated psychosis; (2) positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms; (3) neurocognition; and (4) neurological soft signs. Among 47 predominantly African American first-episode psychosis patients in a public-sector hospital, the presence and severity of dyskinesias, stereotypies, and …

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Effects Of Antipsychotics, Antidepressants And Mood Stabilizers On Risk For Physical Diseases In People With Schizophrenia, Depression And Bipolar Disorder, C. U. Correll, J. Detraux, J. De Lepeleire, M. De Hert Jan 2015

Effects Of Antipsychotics, Antidepressants And Mood Stabilizers On Risk For Physical Diseases In People With Schizophrenia, Depression And Bipolar Disorder, C. U. Correll, J. Detraux, J. De Lepeleire, M. De Hert

Journal Articles

People with severe mental illness have a considerably shorter lifespan than the general population. This excess mortality is mainly due to physical illness. Next to mental illness-related factors, unhealthy lifestyle, and disparities in health care access and utilization, psychotropic medications can contribute to the risk of physical morbidity and mortality. We systematically reviewed the effects of antipsychotics, antidepressants and mood stabilizers on physical health outcomes in people with schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder. Updating and expanding our prior systematic review published in this journal, we searched MEDLINE (November 2009 - November 2014), combining the MeSH terms of major physical disease …

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Young-Onset Dementia Epidemiology Applied To Neuropsychiatry Practice, B. Devineni, C. U. Onyike Jan 2015

Young-Onset Dementia Epidemiology Applied To Neuropsychiatry Practice, B. Devineni, C. U. Onyike

Journal Articles

A substantial number of adults suffer young-onset dementia (YOD). The diversity of types and syndromes makes recognition and diagnosis difficult. An algorithmic approach to interpreting clinical data, informed by clinical epidemiology, integrates data pertaining to defining syndromes. Syndrome chronology and tempo, family history, and other neuropsychiatric features and neurologic signs, are used to reach a preliminary diagnosis and direct diagnostic tests and their interpretation. Screening for YOD in the psychiatric context is a rational process in which vigilance is combined with careful searches for red flags that signal a neurodegenerative etiology.

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Six-Month Outcomes From A Randomized Trial Augmenting Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors With Exposure And Response Prevention Or Risperidone In Adults With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, E. B. Foa, H. B. Simpson, D. Rosenfield, M. R. Liebowitz, S. P. Cahill, J. D. Huppert, J., Jr. Bender, C. P. Mclean, M. J. Maher, R. Campeas, C. G. Hahn, P. Imms, A. Pinto, M. B. Powers, C. I. Rodriguez, P. E. Van Meter, D. Vermes, M. T. Williams Jan 2015

Six-Month Outcomes From A Randomized Trial Augmenting Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors With Exposure And Response Prevention Or Risperidone In Adults With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, E. B. Foa, H. B. Simpson, D. Rosenfield, M. R. Liebowitz, S. P. Cahill, J. D. Huppert, J., Jr. Bender, C. P. Mclean, M. J. Maher, R. Campeas, C. G. Hahn, P. Imms, A. Pinto, M. B. Powers, C. I. Rodriguez, P. E. Van Meter, D. Vermes, M. T. Williams

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes after 6-month maintenance treatment of adults diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) based on DSM-IV criteria who responded to acute treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) augmented by exposure and response prevention (EX/RP) or risperidone. METHOD: A randomized trial was conducted at 2 academic sites from January 2007 through December 2012. In the acute phase, 100 patients on therapeutic SRI dose with at least moderate OCD severity were randomized to 8 weeks of EX/RP, risperidone, or pill placebo. Responders entered the 6-month maintenance phase, continuing the augmentation strategy they received acutely (n = 30 EX/RP, n = …

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Predictors Of Suicide Attempts In 3.322 Patients With Affective Disorders And Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, J. A. Gallego, V. Rachamallu, E. Y. Yuen, S. Fink, L. M. Duque, J. M. Kane Jan 2015

Predictors Of Suicide Attempts In 3.322 Patients With Affective Disorders And Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, J. A. Gallego, V. Rachamallu, E. Y. Yuen, S. Fink, L. M. Duque, J. M. Kane

Journal Articles

This study explores risk factors for suicide attempts using the electronic health records of 3322 patients with either schizophrenia spectrum disorders or affective disorders who underwent a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation at the Emergency Department at the Long Island Jewish Medical Center or the Hillside Evaluation Center at The Zucker Hillside Hospital from August 3rd 2011 to July 5th 2012. Multivariate regression analyses showed, after adjusting for sex, that previous suicidal attempts and financial or relationship losses were significantly associated with a current suicidal attempt. Additionally, higher odds of having a suicidal attempt were also found in those subjects with a …

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Memory Systems In Schizophrenia: Modularity Is Preserved But Deficits Are Generalized, K. M. Haut, K. H. Karlsgodt, R. M. Bilder, E. Congdon, N. B. Freimer, E. D. London, F. W. Sabb, J. Ventura, T. D. Cannon Jan 2015

Memory Systems In Schizophrenia: Modularity Is Preserved But Deficits Are Generalized, K. M. Haut, K. H. Karlsgodt, R. M. Bilder, E. Congdon, N. B. Freimer, E. D. London, F. W. Sabb, J. Ventura, T. D. Cannon

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia patients exhibit impaired working and episodic memory, but this may represent generalized impairment across memory modalities or performance deficits restricted to particular memory systems in subgroups of patients. Furthermore, it is unclear whether deficits are unique from those associated with other disorders. METHOD: Healthy controls (n=1101) and patients with schizophrenia (n=58), bipolar disorder (n=49) and attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder (n=46) performed 18 tasks addressing primarily verbal and spatial episodic and working memory. Effect sizes for group contrasts were compared across tasks and the consistency of subjects' distributional positions across memory domains was measured. RESULTS: Schizophrenia patients performed poorly relative to the …

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Genome-Wide Autozygosity Is Associated With Lower General Cognitive Ability, D. P. Howrigan, M. A. Simonson, G. Davies, S. E. Harris, A. Tenesa, J. M. Starr, D. C. Liewald, D. I. Boomsma, P. Derosse, M. C. Keller, +37 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Genome-Wide Autozygosity Is Associated With Lower General Cognitive Ability, D. P. Howrigan, M. A. Simonson, G. Davies, S. E. Harris, A. Tenesa, J. M. Starr, D. C. Liewald, D. I. Boomsma, P. Derosse, M. C. Keller, +37 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Inbreeding depression refers to lower fitness among offspring of genetic relatives. This reduced fitness is caused by the inheritance of two identical chromosomal segments (autozygosity) across the genome, which may expose the effects of (partially) recessive deleterious mutations. Even among outbred populations, autozygosity can occur to varying degrees due to cryptic relatedness between parents. Using dense genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, we examined the degree to which autozygosity associated with measured cognitive ability in an unselected sample of 4854 participants of European ancestry. We used runs of homozygosity-multiple homozygous SNPs in a row-to estimate autozygous tracts across the genome. We …

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New Data And An Old Puzzle: The Negative Association Between Schizophrenia And Rheumatoid Arthritis, S. H. Lee, T. Lencz, A. K. Malhotra, H. Medeiros, V. Milanova, J. Shi, P. Sklar, P. K. Gregersen, M. Van Laar, P. Van Riel, +134 Additional Authors Jan 2015

New Data And An Old Puzzle: The Negative Association Between Schizophrenia And Rheumatoid Arthritis, S. H. Lee, T. Lencz, A. K. Malhotra, H. Medeiros, V. Milanova, J. Shi, P. Sklar, P. K. Gregersen, M. Van Laar, P. Van Riel, +134 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: A long-standing epidemiological puzzle is the reduced rate of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in those with schizophrenia (SZ) and vice versa. Traditional epidemiological approaches to determine if this negative association is underpinned by genetic factors would test for reduced rates of one disorder in relatives of the other, but sufficiently powered data sets are difficult to achieve. The genomics era presents an alternative paradigm for investigating the genetic relationship between two uncommon disorders. METHODS: We use genome-wide common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from independently collected SZ and RA case-control cohorts to estimate the SNP correlation between the disorders. We …

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Targeting The Schizophrenia Genome: A Fast Track Strategy From Gwas To Clinic, T. Lencz, A. K. Malhotra Jan 2015

Targeting The Schizophrenia Genome: A Fast Track Strategy From Gwas To Clinic, T. Lencz, A. K. Malhotra

Journal Articles

The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium-Schizophrenia Workgroup (PGC-SCZ) has recently published a genomewide association study (GWAS) identifying > 100 genetic loci, encompassing a total of 341 protein-coding genes, attaining genomewide significance for susceptibility to schizophrenia. Given the extremely long time (12-15 years) and expense (>$1 billion) associated with the development of novel drug targets, repurposing of drugs with known and validated targets may be the most expeditious path toward deriving clinical utility from these GWAS findings. In the present study, we examined all genes within loci implicated by the PGC-SCZ GWAS against databases of targets of both approved and registered pharmaceutical compounds. …

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