Psychiatry Commons^™

Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale Perfectionism: A Predictor And Partial Mediator Of Acute Treatment Outcome Among Clinically Depressed Adolescents., Rachel H. Jacobs, Susan G. Silva, Mark A. Reinecke, John F. Curry, Golda S. Ginsburg, Christopher J. Kratochvil, John S. March

Journal Articles: Psychiatry

The effect of perfectionism on acute treatment outcomes was explored in a randomized controlled trial of 439 clinically depressed adolescents (12-17 years of age) enrolled in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS) who received cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), fluoxetine, a combination of CBT and FLX, or pill placebo. Measures included the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised, the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire-Grades 7-9, and the perfectionism subscale from the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS). Predictor results indicate that adolescents with higher versus lower DAS perfectionism scores at baseline, regardless of treatment, continued to demonstrate elevated depression scores across the acute treatment period. …

An Exploratory Analysis Of The Impact Of Family Functioning On Treatment For Depression In Adolescents., Norah C. Feeny, Susan G. Silva, Mark A. Reinecke, Steven Mcnulty, Robert L. Findling, Paul Rohde, John F. Curry, Golda S. Ginsburg, Christopher J. Kratochvil, Sanjeev M. Pathak, Diane E. May, Betsy D. Kennard, Anne D. Simons, Karen C. Wells, Michele Robins, David Rosenberg, John S. March

Journal Articles: Psychiatry

This article explores aspects of family environment and parent-child conflict that may predict or moderate response to acute treatments among depressed adolescents (N = 439) randomly assigned to fluoxetine, cognitive behavioral therapy, their combination, or placebo. Outcomes were Week 12 scores on measures of depression and global impairment. Of 20 candidate variables, one predictor emerged: Across treatments, adolescents with mothers who reported less parent-child conflict were more likely to benefit than their counterparts. When family functioning moderated outcome, adolescents who endorsed more negative environments were more likely to benefit from fluoxetine. Similarly, when moderating effects were seen on cognitive behavioral …

Pathways To Care: Duration Of Untreated Psychosis From Karachi, Pakistan., Haider A. Naqvi, Sajjad Hussain, Muhammad Zaman, Mohammad Islam

Department of Psychiatry

Background: Substantial amount of time is lost before initiation of treatment in Schizophrenia. The delay in treatment is labelled as Duration of Untreated Psychosis (DUP). Most of these estimates come from western countries, where health systems are relatively better developed. There is dearth of information on pathway to care from developing countries. Methods And Results: Patients with ICD-10 based diagnosis of Schizophrenia were enrolled by convenient method of sampling. The pathway to care was explored through a semi-structured questionnaire. Onset, course and symptoms of psychosis were assessed using Interview for the Retrospective Assessment of the Onset of Schizophrenia (IRAOS). Ethical …

Antidepressant-Induced Mania With Concomitant Mood Stabilizer In Patients With Comorbid Substance Abuse And Bipolar Disorder., Daniel Z Lieberman, George Kolodner, Suena H Massey, Kenneth P Williams

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Antidepressant use in the treatment of bipolar disorder is controversial due the risks of affective switching and cycle acceleration. Studies of non-comorbid samples suggest that the risk can be mitigated with the use of a concomitant mood stabilizer. However, the majority of patients with bipolar disorder will experience a comorbid substance use disorder and little is known about these individuals because they are typically excluded from clinical trials. Patients entering a substance abuse treatment program who had a history of bipolar disorder were interviewed to evaluate antidepressant-induced affective switching with and without concomitant mood stabilizer. Among 41 comorbid participants, the …

Treatment Response In Depressed Adolescents With And Without Co-Morbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder In The Treatment For Adolescents With Depression Study., Christopher J. Kratochvil, Diane E. May, Susan G. Silva, Vishal Madaan, Susan E. Puumala, John F. Curry, John Walkup, Hayden Kepley, Benedetto Vitiello, John S. March

Journal Articles: Psychiatry

OBJECTIVE: In the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS), fluoxetine (FLX) and the combination of fluoxetine with cognitive-behavioral therapy (COMB) had superior improvement trajectories compared to pill placebo (PBO), whereas cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) was not significantly different from PBO. Because attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) frequently co-exist, we examined whether ADHD moderated these outcomes in TADS.

METHOD: A total of 439 adolescents with MDD, 12-17 years old, were randomized to FLX, CBT, COMB, or PBO. Random coefficients regression models examined depression improvement in 377 depressed youths without ADHD and 62 with ADHD, including 20 who were …

The Devil Is In The Third Year: A Longitudinal Study Of Erosion Of Empathy In Medical School., Mohammadreza Hojat, Michael J. Vergare, Kaye Maxwell, George Brainard, Steven K. Herrine, Gerald A. Isenberg, John Veloski, Joseph S. Gonnella

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: This longitudinal study was designed to examine changes in medical students' empathy during medical school and to determine when the most significant changes occur.

METHOD: Four hundred fifty-six students who entered Jefferson Medical College in 2002 (n = 227) and 2004 (n = 229) completed the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy at five different times: at entry into medical school on orientation day and subsequently at the end of each academic year. Statistical analyses were performed for the entire cohort, as well as for the "matched" cohort (participants who identified themselves at all five test administrations) and the "unmatched" …

Persistent Lithium-Induced Neurotoxicity: Direct Effect Of Lithium And/Or Hypernatremia?, Ioana-Mihaela Popescu, James A. Bourgeois

Jefferson Journal of Psychiatry

Abstract Lithium has been used in the treatment of bipolar affective disorder (BAD) for more than 50 years. Features of lithium toxicity include drowsiness, slurred speech, ataxia, psychomotor slowing, polyneuropathy, impaired memory, seizures, coma and death. Lithium neurotoxicity is usually reversible on cessation of its administration, and irreversible toxicity is uncommon. However, persistent neurological sequelae may follow lithium intoxication. There may be a contribution to neurotoxicity from the SIADH associated with lithium toxicity in addition to the direct effects of lithium itself. We describe a case of lithium toxicity with persistent delirium in a patient with a brief period of …

Erosive Eosinophilic Esophagitis In Rumination Syndrome, Shawn S. Sidhu, James R. Rick

Jefferson Journal of Psychiatry

Rumination syndrome involves bringing up partially digested food into the pharynx voluntarily, followed by reswallowing or expelling. It was discovered in the 17th century; however, knowledge of the disorder has remained sparse until recently. Indeed, the first case of adult rumination in Japan was reported as recently as 2006. Due to this recent increase in awareness, notions about the disease have remained in a state of constant fluctuation. While first believed to be a disease of neurologically-impaired children between 3 and 8 months of age, it is now widely recognized as occurring in men and women of all ages and …

Tactile Hallucinations: Presenting Symptom Of Schizophrenia, Virgen M. Quinones

Jefferson Journal of Psychiatry

Although previous reports about tactile hallucinations of sexual content suggesting Schizophrenia are known2, this disorder has been characterized mostly by hallucinations of visual/auditory content. At Schizophrenia presentation these two types of hallucinations are the prominent features. This report describes a patient who had no previous psychiatric symptoms and for whom tactile hallucinations were the presenting symptom of Schizophrenia.

Switching And Selecting Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs: Quetiapine, Amresh Srivastava

Psychiatry Presentations

No abstract provided.

Psychotherapy As A Treatment Modality For Psychiatric Disorders: Perceptions Of General Public Of Karachi, Pakistan, Abdul Mueed Zafar, Ali Jawaid, Hiba Ashraf, Ambreena Fatima, Rubina Anjum, Salah U. Qureshi

Department of Psychiatry

Background: Psychiatric disorders affect about 450 million individuals worldwide. A number of treatment modalities such as psychotropic medications, psychotherapy and electroconvulsive therapy can be used to treat these disorders. Attitudes of general public play a pivotal role in effective utilization of mental health services. We explored the perceptions of general public of Karachi, Pakistan regarding psychotherapy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan during July-August, 2008. A three-step sampling strategy and a structured questionnaire were employed to survey knowledge and perceptions of adult general public about psychotherapy. Descriptive statistics were used for baseline characteristics. Logistic regression models were …

Comparison Of Urdu Version Of Strengths And Difficulties Questionnaire (Sdq) And The Child Behaviour Check List (Cbcl) Amongst Primary School Children In Karachi, Ehsan Ullah Syed, Sajida Abdul Hussein, Syed Iqbal Azam, Abdul Ghani Khan

Department of Psychiatry

OBJECTIVE: To compare CBCL (Child Behaviour Check Llist) Urdu, with the validated Urdu version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) used as "gold standard" among school children in Karachi, Pakistan, and to develop local cutoffs for CBCL using SDQ as a gold standard.

STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study.

PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Schools of Karachi metropolitan area from January to December 2006.

METHODOLOGY: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL) was completed by parents of 5-11 years old primary school children in Karachi. Appropriate cutoff points for total problem, internalizing and externalizing scales were …

Benzodiazepine: Slow Sand Of Addiction, Haider Naqvi, Sajjad Hussan, Fatema Dossa

Department of Psychiatry

No abstract provided.

Training Tomorrow’S Providers And Expanding Access To Peginterferon/Ribavirin Combination Therapyfor Chronic Hepatatis C In Underinsured/Uninsured Patients: Final Outcomes Of A Pilot, Resident-Initiated, Multidisciplinary, Hepatitis C Clinic, Nicole M. Agostino Do, Suzanne J. Templer Do, Edward Norris Md, Fapm, Charles M. Brooks Md, Eric J. Gertner Md, Mph, Joseph L. Yozviak Do, Facp

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Pattern Of Benzodiazepine Use In Psychiatric Outpatients In Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Survey., Syed Ahmer, Sumera Salamat, Rashid Am Khan, Saleem Perwaiz Iqbal, Imran Ijaz Haider, Ayesha Shabaz Khan, Mohsan Zafar

Department of Psychiatry

Background: Benzodiazepines (BDZ) are the largest-selling drug group in the world. The potential of dependence with BDZ has been known for almost three decades now. In countries like Pakistan where laws against unlicensed sale of BDZ are not implemented vigorously the risk of misuse of and dependence on these drugs is even higher. Previous studies have shown that BDZ prevalence among Patients/visitors to general outPatient clinics in Pakistan may be as high as 30%. However, no research has been carried out on the prevalence of BDZ use in psychiatric Patients in Pakistan. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional survey over …

Educating And Informing Patients Receiving Psychopharmacological Medications: Are Family Physicians In Pakistan Up To The Task?, Hammad Ashraf Ganatra, Hadi Bhurgri, Roomasa Channa, Fauzia Ahmad Bawany, Syed Nabeel Zafar, Rafia Ishfaq Chaudhry, Syeda Hina Batool, Abdul Basit, Mehmood Asghar, Sarah Saleem, Haider Naqvi

Community Health Sciences

Introduction: Studies have shown a high prevalence of psychiatric illnesses among Patients in primary health care settings. Family physicians have a fundamental role in managing psychiatric illness with psychopharmacological medications. Providing information about the disease, its management and the potential adverse effects of the medications is an important part of the management of mental illnesses. Our objective was to determine if Patients who were prescribed psychopharmacological drugs by family physicians at a community health center in Karachi, Pakistan were provided adequate education about their disease and its management.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Community Health Centre (CHC), …

Well-Being Of Medical Students And Their Awareness On Substance Misuse: A Cross-Sectional Survey In Pakistan., Abdul Wahab Yousafzai, Syed Ahmer, Ehsanullah Syed, Naila Bhutto, Saman Iqbal, Mohammed Naim Siddiqi, Mohammed Zaman

Department of Psychiatry

Objective: To investigate psychological well-being and substance abuse among medical students in Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted in six medical colleges across Pakistan. Final-year medical students were interviewed by either a postgraduate trainee in psychiatry or a consultant psychiatrist. Results: A total of 540 medical students were approached, 342 participated and the response rate was 64.5%. Mean age was 23.73 years (SD 2.45 years), 52.5% were male and 90% single. Two out of every five respondents reported that work/study at medical school affected their personal health and well-being. A considerable proportion of students were aware of alcohol …

Remission And Recovery In The Treatment For Adolescents With Depression Study (Tads): Acute And Long-Term Outcomes., Betsy D. Kennard, Susan G. Silva, Simon Tonev, Paul Rohde, Jennifer L. Hughes, Benedetto Vitiello, Christopher J. Kratochvil, John F. Curry, Graham J. Emslie, Mark Reinecke, John March

Journal Articles: Psychiatry

OBJECTIVE: We examine remission rate probabilities, recovery rates, and residual symptoms across 36 weeks in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS).

METHOD: The TADS, a multisite clinical trial, randomized 439 adolescents with major depressive disorder to 12 weeks of treatment with fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, their combination, or pill placebo. The pill placebo group, treated openly after week 12, was not included in the subsequent analyses. Treatment differences in remission rates and probabilities of remission over time are compared. Recovery rates in remitters at weeks 12 (acute phase remitters) and 18 (continuation phase remitters) are summarized. We also examined …