Neurology Commons^™

The Fundamentals Of Antiseizure Medications: A Through Z, Timothy E Welty, Jeannine M Conway, Jacquelyn Bainbridge, Kristen Park, David G Vossler, Archana A Patel, Alica Goldman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Since bromides were first used in 1857 to treat epilepsy, numerous antiseizure medications (ASM) have been developed. Many of these are available for the treatment of epilepsy and status epilepticus today. With so many ASM available, questions arise as to whether all of these medications are needed and when should they be used. As precision medicine begins to play a larger role in determining targeted treatments for specific types of epilepsy, a complete understanding of various medications is needed. Additionally, access to several of these medications can be limited in the United States and are especially limited globally. All these …

Identification Of An Ionic Mechanism For Erα-Mediated Rapid Excitation In Neurons, Meng Yu, Na Yin, Bing Feng, Peiyu Gao, Kaifan Yu, Hesong Liu, Hailan Liu, Yongxiang Li, Olivia Z Ginnard, Kristine M Conde, Mengjie Wang, Xing Fang, Longlong Tu, Jonathan C Bean, Qingzhuo Liu, Yue Deng, Yuxue Yang, Junying Han, Sanika V Jossy, Megan L Burt, Huey Zhong Wong, Yongjie Yang, Benjamin R Arenkiel, Yang He, Shaodong Guo, Pierre Gourdy, Jean-Francois Arnal, Francoise Lenfant, Zhao Wang, Chunmei Wang, Yanlin He, Yong Xu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The major female ovarian hormone, 17β-estradiol (E2), can alter neuronal excitability within milliseconds to regulate a variety of physiological processes. Estrogen receptor-α (ERα), classically known as a nuclear receptor, exists as a membrane-bound receptor to mediate this rapid action of E2, but the ionic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that a membrane channel protein, chloride intracellular channel protein-1 (Clic1), can physically interact with ERα with a preference to the membrane-bound ERα. Clic1-mediated currents can be enhanced by E2 and reduced by its depletion. In addition, Clic1 currents are required to mediate the E2-induced rapid excitations in multiple brain ERα …

Generalized Spike-Waves In Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsies: Does Their Frequency Matter?, Ali A. Asadi-Pooya, Mohsen Farazdaghi

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that the frequency (in Hertz) of generalized spike-waves (GSWs) in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) has associations with the syndromic diagnosis as well as with the prognosis of patients (their response to medical treatment). METHODS: This was a retrospective study of a prospectively developed database. All patients with a diagnosis of IGE were studied at the epilepsy center at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, from 2008 until 2022. Patients were classified into four IGE syndromes: childhood absence epilepsy; juvenile absence epilepsy; juvenile myoclonic epilepsy; and generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone. RESULTS: Five hundred and eighty-three …

Arid1a-Baf Coordinates Zic2 Genomic Occupancy For Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition In Cranial Neural Crest Specification, Samantha M. Barnada, Aida Giner De Gracia, Cruz Morenilla-Palao, Maria Teresa López-Cascales, Chiara Scopa, Francis J. Waltrich, Harald M.M. Mikkers, Maria Elena Cicardi, Jonathan Karlin, Davide Trotti, Kevin A. Peterson, Samantha A. Brugmann, Gijs W.E. Santen, Steven B. Mcmahon, Eloísa Herrera, Marco Trizzino

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

The BAF chromatin remodeler regulates lineage commitment including cranial neural crest cell (CNCC) specification. Variants in BAF subunits cause Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS), a congenital disorder characterized by coarse craniofacial features and intellectual disability. Approximately 50% of individuals with CSS harbor variants in one of the mutually exclusive BAF subunits, ARID1A/ARID1B. While Arid1a deletion in mouse neural crest causes severe craniofacial phenotypes, little is known about the role of ARID1A in CNCC specification. Using CSS-patient-derived ARID1A induced pluripotent stem cells to model CNCC specification, we discovered that ARID1A-haploinsufficiency impairs epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process necessary for CNCC delamination and migration from …

Default Mode Network Electrophysiological Dynamics And Causal Role In Creative Thinking, Eleonora Bartoli, Ethan Devara, Huy Q Dang, Rikki Rabinovich, Raissa K Mathura, Adrish Anand, Bailey R Pascuzzi, Joshua Adkinson, Yoed N Kenett, Kelly R Bijanki, Sameer A Sheth, Ben Shofty

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The default mode network (DMN) is a widely distributed, intrinsic brain network thought to play a crucial role in internally directed cognition. The present study employs stereo-EEG in 13 human patients, obtaining high resolution neural recordings across multiple canonical DMN regions during two processes that have been associated with creative thinking: spontaneous and divergent thought. We probe these two DMN-associated higher cognitive functions through mind wandering and alternate uses tasks, respectively. Our results reveal DMN recruitment during both tasks, as well as a task-specific dissociation in spatiotemporal response dynamics. When compared to the fronto-parietal network, DMN activity was characterized by …

Leptomeningeal Metastases From Solid Tumors: A Society For Neuro-Oncology And American Society Of Clinical Oncology Consensus Review On Clinical Management And Future Directions, Jessica A Wilcox, Ugonma N Chukwueke, Myung-Ju Ahn, Ayal A Aizer, Tejus A Bale, Dieta Brandsma, Priscilla K Brastianos, Susan Chang, Mariza Daras, Peter Forsyth, Livia Garzia, Michael Glantz, Isabella C Glitza Oliva, Priya Kumthekar, Emilie Le Rhun, Seema Nagpal, Barbara O'Brien, Elena Pentsova, Eudocia Quant Lee, Jan Remsik, Roberta Rudà, Inna Smalley, Michael D Taylor, Michael Weller, Jeffrey Wefel, Jonathan T Yang, Robert J Young, Patrick Y Wen, Adrienne A Boire

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Leptomeningeal metastases (LM) are increasingly becoming recognized as a treatable, yet generally incurable, complication of advanced cancer. As modern cancer therapeutics have prolonged the lives of patients with metastatic cancer, specifically in patients with parenchymal brain metastases, treatment options, and clinical research protocols for patients with LM from solid tumors have similarly evolved to improve survival within specific populations. Recent expansions in clinical investigation, early diagnosis, and drug development have given rise to new unanswered questions. These include leptomeningeal metastasis biology and preferred animal modeling, epidemiology in the modern cancer population, ensuring validation and accessibility of newer leptomeningeal metastasis diagnostics, …

Neuron-Glial Interactions: Implications For Plasticity, Behavior, And Cognition, Mauricio Rangel-Gomez, Cristina M Alberini, Benjamin Deneen, Gabrielle T Drummond, Tiina Manninen, Mriganka Sur, Aleksandra Vicentic

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The traditional view of glial cells as mere supportive tissue has shifted, due to advances in technology and theoretical conceptualization, to include a diversity of other functions, such as regulation of complex behaviors. Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS), have been shown to modulate synaptic functions through gliotransmitter-mediated neurotransmitter reuptake, influencing neuronal signaling and behavioral functions. Contemporary studies further highlight astrocytes' involvement in complex cognitive functions. For instance, inhibiting astrocytes in the hippocampus can lead to memory deficits, suggesting their integral role in memory processes. Moreover, astrocytic calcium activity and astrocyte-neuron metabolic coupling have …

The Alzmatch Pilot Study - Feasibility Of Remote Blood Collection Of Plasma Biomarkers For Preclinical Alzheimer’S Disease Trials, S. Walter, O. Langford, G. A. Jimenez-Maggiora, S. Abdel-Latif, R. A. Rissman, J. D. Grill, J. Karlawish, A. Atri, S. Bruschi, K. Hussen, M. C. Donohue, G. A. Marshall, Gregory Jicha, M. Racke, R. S. Turner, C. H. Van Dyck, V. Venkatesh, K. E. Yarasheski, R. Sperling, J. Cummings, Paul Aisen, R. Raman

Neurology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Advances in plasma biomarkers to detect Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biology allows researchers to improve the efficiency of participant recruitment into preclinical trials. Recently, protein levels of plasma amyloid-beta and tau proteins have been shown to be predictive of elevated amyloid in brain. Online registries, such as the Alzheimer’s Prevention Trials (APT) Webstudy, include and follow participants using remote assessments to facilitate efficient screening and enrollment of large numbers of individuals who may be at higher risk for AD.

OBJECTIVES: The AlzMatch Pilot Study investigated the feasibility of recruiting individuals from an online registry for blood sample collection at community-based …

Global, Regional, And National Burden Of Stroke And Its Risk Factors, 1990–2021: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2021, Gbd 2021 Stroke Risk Factor Collaborators

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

Background

Up-to-date estimates of stroke burden and attributable risks and their trends at global, regional, and national levels are essential for evidence-based health care, prevention, and resource allocation planning. We aimed to provide such estimates for the period 1990–2021.

Methods

We estimated incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) counts and age-standardised rates per 100 000 people per year for overall stroke, ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, and subarachnoid haemorrhage, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. We also calculated burden of stroke attributable to 23 risk factors and six risk clusters (air pollution, tobacco smoking, behavioural, dietary, environmental, …

Parallel Electrophysiological Abnormalities Due To Covid-19 Infection And To Alzheimer’S Disease And Related Dementia, Yang Jiang, Jennifer Neal, Pradoldej Sompol, Görsev Yener, Xianghong Arakaki, Christopher M. Norris, Francesca R. Farina, Agustin Ibanez, Susanna Lopez, Abdulhakim Al-Ezzi, Voyko Kavcic, Bahar Güntekin, Claudio Babiloni, Mihály Hajós

Neurology Faculty Publications

Many coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive individuals exhibit abnormal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity reflecting “brain fog” and mild cognitive impairments even months after the acute phase of infection. Resting-state EEG abnormalities include EEG slowing (reduced alpha rhythm; increased slow waves) and epileptiform activity. An expert panel conducted a systematic review to present compelling evidence that cognitive deficits due to COVID-19 and to Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD) are driven by overlapping pathologies and neurophysiological abnormalities. EEG abnormalities seen in COVID-19 patients resemble those observed in early stages of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly ADRD. It is proposed that similar EEG abnormalities in …

Clinical Outcome-Guided Deep Temporal Clustering For Disease Progression Subtyping, Dulin Wang, Xiaotian Ma, Paul E Schulz, Xiaoqian Jiang, Yejin Kim

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: Complex diseases exhibit heterogeneous progression patterns, necessitating effective capture and clustering of longitudinal changes to identify disease subtypes for personalized treatments. However, existing studies often fail to design clustering-specific representations or neglect clinical outcomes, thereby limiting the interpretability and clinical utility.

Method: We design a unified framework for subtyping longitudinal progressive diseases. We focus on effectively integrating all data from disease progressions and improving patient representation for downstream clustering. Specifically, we propose a clinical Outcome-Guided Deep Temporal Clustering (OG-DTC) that generates representations informed by clustering and clinical outcomes. A GRU-based seq2seq architecture captures the temporal dynamics, and the model …

The Grenada Learning And Memory Scale: Psychometric Features And Normative Data In Caribbean Preschool Children, Karen Blackmon, Roberta Evans, Lauren Mohammed, Kemi Burgen, Erin Ingraham, Bianca Punch, Rashida Isaac, Toni Murray, Jesma Noel, Cora Belmar-Roberts

Brain and Mind Institute

Objective: Neuropsychological assessment of preschool children is essential for early detection of delays and referral for intervention prior to school entry. This is especially pertinent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), which are disproportionately impacted by micronutrient deficiencies and teratogenic exposures. The Grenada Learning and Memory Scale (GLAMS) was created for use in limited resource settings and includes a shopping list and face-name association test. Here, we present psychometric and normative data for the GLAMS in a Grenadian preschool sample.

Methods: Typically developing children between 36 and 72 months of age, primarily English speaking, were recruited from public preschools in …

Improving Adherence Amongst Post-Stroke Patients In The Outpatient Setting, Olivea Adetu

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Project Abstract

PURPOSE

This quality improvement (QI) project aimed to enhance medication adherence and follow-up rates through structured, personalized phone calls to recently discharged post-stroke patients. The project was implemented at an outpatient neuroscience clinic in Greater Houston.

BACKGROUND

Low medication adherence and poor attendance at the first neurology follow-up appointment among post-stroke patients contribute to increased morbidity and higher risk of recurrent stroke. Despite receiving discharge instructions, many patients do not consistently take their prescribed medications or attend their initial neurology visit.

METHODOLOGY

Guided by the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle, this project engaged a medical assistant to call recently discharged stroke patients …

Considerations For Widespread Implementation Of Blood-Based Biomarkers Of Alzheimer's Disease, Michelle Mielke, Matthew Anderson, Wesson Ashford, Andreas Jeromin, Pei-Jung Lin, Allyson Rosen, Jamie Tyrone, Lawren Vandevrede, Deanna Willis, Zul Merali

Brain and Mind Institute

Diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses significant challenges to health care, often resulting in delayed or inadequate patient care. The clinical integration of blood-based biomarkers (BBMs) for AD holds promise in enabling early detection of pathology and timely intervention. However, several critical considerations, such as the lack of consistent guidelines for assessing cognition, limited understanding of BBM test characteristics, insufficient evidence on BBM performance across diverse populations, and the ethical management of test results, must be addressed for widespread clinical implementation of BBMs in the United States. The Global CEO Initiative on Alzheimer's Disease BBM Workgroup convened to address these challenges …

Recommendations For Clinical Implementation Of Blood-Based Biomarkers For Alzheimer's Disease, Michelle Mielke, Matthew Anderson, Wesson Ashford, Andreas Jeromin, Pei-Jung Lin, Allyson Rosen, Jamie Tyrone, Lawren Vandevrede, Deanna Willis, Zul Merali, Chinedu Momoh

Brain and Mind Institute

Blood-based biomarkers (BBM) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are being increasingly used in clinical practice to support an AD diagnosis. In contrast to traditional diagnostic modalities, such as amyloid positron emission tomography and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, BBMs offer a more accessible and lower cost alternative for AD biomarker testing. Their unique scalability addresses the anticipated surge in demand for biomarker testing with the emergence of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) that require confirmation of amyloid pathology. To facilitate the uptake of BBMs in clinical practice, The Global CEO Initiative on Alzheimer's Disease convened a BBM Workgroup to provide recommendations for two clinical implementational …

Cerebrovascular Disease Is Associated With Alzheimer's Plasma Biomarker Concentrations In Adults With Down Syndrome, Andreas Engvig, Karl Trygve Kalleberg, Lars T. Westlye, Esten Høyland Leonardsen, Alzheimer’S Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Consortium

Neurology Faculty Publications

DNA methylation age (MA), brain age (BA), and frailty index (FI) are putative aging biomarkers linked to dementia risk. We investigated their relationship and combined potential for prediction of cognitive impairment and future dementia risk using the ADNI database. Of several MA algorithms, DunedinPACE and GrimAge2, associated with memory, were combined in a composite MA alongside BA and a data-driven FI in predictive analyses. Pairwise correlations between age- and sex-adjusted measures for MA (aMA), aBA, and aFI were low. FI outperformed BA and MA in all diagnostic tasks. A model including age, sex, and aFI achieved an area under the …

Clonal Hematopoiesis Of Indeterminate Potential Is Associated With Reduced Risk Of Cognitive Impairment In Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease, Cissy Xiao, Manjula Kurella Tamura, Yang Pan, Varun Rao, Celestin Missikpode, Caitlyn Vlasschaert, Tetsushi Nakao, Xiao Sun, Changwei Li, Zhijie Huang, Amanda Anderson, Md Mesbah Uddin, Do-Kyun Kim, Jonathan Taliercio, Rajat Deo, Zeenat Bhat, Dawei Xie, Panduranga Rao, Jing Chen, James P Lash, Jiang He, Pradeep Natarajan, James E Hixson, Kristine Yaffe, Tanika N Kelly, Cric Study Investigators

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and dementia disproportionately burden patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The association between CHIP and cognitive impairment in CKD patients is unknown.

Methods: We conducted time-to-event analyses in up to 1452 older adults with CKD from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort who underwent CHIP gene sequencing. Cognition was assessed using four validated tests in up to 6 years mean follow-up time. Incident cognitive impairment was defined as a test score one standard deviation below the baseline mean.

Results: Compared to non-carriers, CHIP carriers were markedly less likely to experience impairment in attention (adjusted …

Simultaneous Ipsilateral Hip And Knee Dislocation: Management And Outcome – A Case Report, Christian G Falgons, Stephen J Warner

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Case: This clinical case report presents a 40-year-old male who sustained an ipsilateral hip and knee dislocation with ipsilateral femoral head fracture and incomplete femoral neck fracture following a motorcycle collision.

Conclusion: This report describes acute and later definitive orthopedic care and management, with focus on urgent interventions and timing of immediate treatments. Given the presented patient's favorable clinical outcomes, return to baseline activities, and absence of significant sequelae following injury, the considerations from the acute management and surgical planning of this patient's injuries can be used as a reference for treating the rare injury of ipsilateral knee and hip …

Cerebellar Deep Brain Stimulation As A Dual-Function Therapeutic For Restoring Movement And Sleep In Dystonic Mice, Luis E Salazar Leon, Linda H Kim, Roy V Sillitoe

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Dystonia arises with cerebellar dysfunction, which plays a key role in the emergence of multiple pathophysiological deficits that range from abnormal movements and postures to disrupted sleep. Current therapeutic interventions typically do not simultaneously address both the motor and non-motor symptoms of dystonia, underscoring the necessity for a multi-functional therapeutic strategy. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is effectively used to reduce motor symptoms in dystonia, with existing parallel evidence arguing for its potential to correct sleep disturbances. However, the simultaneous efficacy of DBS for improving sleep and motor dysfunction, specifically by targeting the cerebellum, remains underexplored. Here, we test the effect …

Disruption Of Neural Periodicity Predicts Clinical Response After Deep Brain Stimulation For Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Nicole R Provenza, Sandesh Reddy, Anthony K Allam, Sameer V Rajesh, Nabeel Diab, Gabriel Reyes, Rose M Caston, Kalman A Katlowitz, Ajay D Gandhi, Raphael A Bechtold, Huy Q Dang, Ricardo A Najera, Nisha Giridharan, Katherine E Kabotyanski, Faiza Momin, Mohammed Hasen, Garrett P Banks, Brian J Mickey, Brent M Kious, Ben Shofty, Benjamin Y Hayden, Jeffrey A Herron, Eric A Storch, Ankit B Patel, Wayne K Goodman, Sameer A Sheth

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Recent advances in surgical neuromodulation have enabled chronic and continuous intracranial monitoring during everyday life. We used this opportunity to identify neural predictors of clinical state in 12 individuals with treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) receiving deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy ( NCT05915741 ). We developed our neurobehavioral models based on continuous neural recordings in the region of the ventral striatum in an initial cohort of five patients and tested and validated them in a held-out cohort of seven additional patients. Before DBS activation, in the most symptomatic state, theta/alpha (9 Hz) power evidenced a prominent circadian pattern and a high …

Long-Term Efficacy And Safety Of Cannabidiol In Patients With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: 3-Year Results From The Cannabidiol Expanded Access Program, Arie Weinstock, E Martina Bebin, Daniel Checketts, Gary D Clark, Jerzy P Szaflarski, Laurie E Seltzer, Elizabeth A Thiele, Farhad Sahebkar

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: The cannabidiol (CBD) Expanded Access Program provided compassionate access to CBD for patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy, including tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), at 35 US epilepsy centers. Here, we present the long-term efficacy and safety outcomes for add-on CBD treatment in patients with TSC.

METHODS: Patients received plant-derived, highly purified CBD (Epidiolex® 100 mg/mL, oral solution), increasing from 2 to 10 mg/kg/d to tolerance or maximum of 25-50 mg/kg/d. Efficacy endpoints were percentage change from baseline in median monthly convulsive, focal, and total seizure frequency and ≥ 50%, ≥75%, and 100% responder rates across 12-week visit windows through 144 weeks. …

Acute Changes In Liver Function Tests During Initiation Of Ketogenic Diet, Akshat Katyayan, Anuranjita Nayak, Gloria Diaz-Medina, Maureen Handoko, James John Riviello

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Ketogenic diet is an effective therapy for patients with medically refractory epilepsy. It is generally well tolerated, with the most common side effects being gastrointestinal. Hepatic toxicity has been described as an uncommon side effect of ketogenic diet, usually with long-term use. However, there are limited data to implicate ketogenic diet in acute liver toxicity.

METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed all patients who underwent elective inpatient ketogenic diet initiation at our institution from June 2019 to June 2022. Of the 25 patients reviewed, we found 6 patients who showed acute, asymptomatic changes in liver function tests during initiation, in …

Tau Is Required For Glial Lipid Droplet Formation And Resistance To Neuronal Oxidative Stress, Lindsey D Goodman, Isha Ralhan, Xin Li, Shenzhao Lu, Matthew J Moulton, Ye-Jin Park, Pinghan Zhao, Oguz Kanca, Ziyaneh S Ghaderpour Taleghani, Julie Jacquemyn, Joshua M Shulman, Kanae Ando, Kai Sun, Maria S Ioannou, Hugo J Bellen

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a common feature of tauopathies, defined by Tau accumulations in neurons and glia. High ROS in neurons causes lipid production and the export of toxic peroxidated lipids (LPOs). Glia uptake these LPOs and incorporate them into lipid droplets (LDs) for storage and catabolism. We found that overexpressing Tau in glia disrupts LDs in flies and rat neuron-astrocyte co-cultures, sensitizing the glia to toxic, neuronal LPOs. Using a new fly tau loss-of-function allele and RNA-mediated interference, we found that endogenous Tau is required for glial LD formation and protection against neuronal LPOs. Similarly, …

Oligodendroglial Fatty Acid Metabolism As A Central Nervous System Energy Reserve, Ebrahim Asadollahi, Andrea Trevisiol, Aiman S Saab, Zoe J Looser, Payam Dibaj, Reyhane Ebrahimi, Kathrin Kusch, Torben Ruhwedel, Wiebke Möbius, Olaf Jahn, Jun Yup Lee, Anthony S Don, Michelle-Amirah Khalil, Karsten Hiller, Myriam Baes, Bruno Weber, E Dale Abel, Andrea Ballabio, Brian Popko, Celia M Kassmann, Hannelore Ehrenreich, Johannes Hirrlinger, Klaus-Armin Nave

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Brain function requires a constant supply of glucose. However, the brain has no known energy stores, except for glycogen granules in astrocytes. In the present study, we report that continuous oligodendroglial lipid metabolism provides an energy reserve in white matter tracts. In the isolated optic nerve from young adult mice of both sexes, oligodendrocytes survive glucose deprivation better than astrocytes. Under low glucose, both axonal ATP levels and action potentials become dependent on fatty acid β-oxidation. Importantly, ongoing oligodendroglial lipid degradation feeds rapidly into white matter energy metabolism. Although not supporting high-frequency spiking, fatty acid β-oxidation in mitochondria and oligodendroglial …

Does Glial Lipid Dysregulation Alter Sleep In Alzheimer’S And Parkinson’S Disease?, Lindsey D Goodman, Matthew J Moulton, Guang Lin, Hugo J Bellen

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

In this opinion article, we discuss potential connections between sleep disturbances observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) and the dysregulation of lipids in the brain. Research using Drosophila has highlighted the role of glial-mediated lipid metabolism in sleep and diurnal rhythms. Relevant to AD, the formation of lipid droplets in glia, which occurs in response to elevated neuronal reactive oxygen species (ROS), is required for sleep. In disease models, this process is disrupted, arguing a connection to sleep dysregulation. Relevant to PD, the degradation of neuronally synthesized glucosylceramides by glia requires glucocerebrosidase (GBA, a PD-associated risk factor) …

Piezo Ion Channels: Force Sensors Of The Interoceptive Nervous System, Yasmeen M F Hamed, Britya Ghosh, Kara L Marshall

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Many organs are designed to move: the heart pumps each second, the gastrointestinal tract squeezes and churns to digest food, and we contract and relax skeletal muscles to move our bodies. Sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system detect signals from bodily tissues, including the forces generated by these movements, to control physiology. The processing of these internal signals is called interoception, but this is a broad term that includes a wide variety of both chemical and mechanical sensory processes. Mechanical senses are understudied, but rapid progress has been made in the last decade, thanks in part to the discovery …

Author Correction: Oligodendroglial Fatty Acid Metabolism As A Central Nervous System Energy Reserve, Ebrahim Asadollahi, Andrea Trevisiol, Aiman S Saab, Zoe J Looser, Payam Dibaj, Reyhane Ebrahimi, Kathrin Kusch, Torben Ruhwedel, Wiebke Möbius, Olaf Jahn, Jun Yup Lee, Anthony S Don, Michelle-Amirah Khalil, Karsten Hiller, Myriam Baes, Bruno Weber, E Dale Abel, Andrea Ballabio, Brian Popko, Celia M Kassmann, Hannelore Ehrenreich, Johannes Hirrlinger, Klaus-Armin Nave

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Does Delaying Levodopa Prevent Motor Complications In Parkinson's Disease? A Meta-Analysis, Luis Guilherme Ramanzini, Julia M Frare, Luís F M Camargo, Juliana O F Silveira, Joseph Jankovic

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: There has been a long debate whether delaying treatment with levodopa prevents motor complications in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objectives: We performed a meta-analysis on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared early- versus delayed-start treatment with levodopa in PD.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases from inception to July 1, 2023. Only RCTs that compared early and delayed levodopa treatment in PD were included. Non-randomized comparisons from follow-up studies were included as well. Our primary outcomes were occurrence of overall motor complications, motor fluctuations, and dyskinesias.

Results: Seven studies with a total …

On The Power Of Constructive Criticism, Anna Devor, Androu Abdalmalak, Taner Akkin, Yeka Aponte, George J. Augustine, Sabrina Brigadoi, Erin M. Buckley, Robert E. Campbell, Stefan A. Carp, Jean-Yves Chatton, Jerry L. Chen, Ji-Xin Cheng, Tomáš Cižmár, Robert J. Cooper, Ippeita Dan, Patrick J. Drew, Turgut Durduran, Valentina Emiliani, Tommaso Fellin, Amanda J. Foust, Ling Fu, Amir Gandjbakhche, Judit Gervain, Ariel Gilad, Edgar Guevara Codina, Xue Han, Elizabeth M. Hillman, Ute Hochgeschwender, Song Hu, Na Ji, Prakash Kara, Beop-Min Kim, Tiffany S. Ko, Duygu Kuzum, Jérôme Lecoq, Rickson C. Mesquita, Timothy H. Murphy, U. Valentin Nägerl, Nozomi Nishimura, Yumie Ono, Nisan Ozana, Francesco S. Pavone, Darcy S. Peterka, Ferruccio Pisanello, Anna Wang Roe, Andy Y. Shih, Shy Shoham, François St-Pierre, Sungho Tak, Lin Tian, Kai Wang, Martin Wolf, Ji Yi, Ofer Yizhar, Meryem A. Yucel

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The editorial discusses the practice of peer review for SPIE Neurophotonics.

Feature Extraction For Generative Medical Imaging Evaluation: New Evidence Against An Evolving Trend, Mckell Woodland, Austin Castelo, Mais Al Taie, Jessica Albuquerque Marques Silva, Mohamed Eltaher, Frank Mohn, Alexander Shieh, Suprateek Kundu, Joshua P Yung, Ankit B Patel, Kristy K Brock

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) is a widely used metric for assessing synthetic image quality. It relies on an ImageNet-based feature extractor, making its applicability to medical imaging unclear. A recent trend is to adapt FID to medical imaging through feature extractors trained on medical images. Our study challenges this practice by demonstrating that ImageNet-based extractors are more consistent and aligned with human judgment than their RadImageNet counterparts. We evaluated sixteen StyleGAN2 networks across four medical imaging modalities and four data augmentation techniques with Fréchet distances (FDs) computed using eleven ImageNet or RadImageNet-trained feature extractors. Comparison with human judgment via visual …