Neurology Commons^™

Oxidative Stress Alters Mitochondrial Homeostasis In Isolated Brain Capillaries, Gopal V. Velmurugan, Hemendra J. Vekaria, Anika M. S. Hartz, Björn Bauer, William Brad Hubbard

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Background

Neurovascular deficits and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction are major hallmarks of brain trauma and neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress is a prominent contributor to neurovascular unit (NVU) dysfunction and can propagate BBB disruption. Oxidative damage results in an imbalance of mitochondrial homeostasis, which can further drive functional impairment of brain capillaries. To this end, we developed a method to track mitochondrial-related changes after oxidative stress in the context of neurovascular pathophysiology as a critical endophenotype of neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods

To study brain capillary-specific mitochondrial function and dynamics in response to oxidative stress, we developed an ex vivo model in which …

Trajectory Clustering Of Immune Cells And Its Association With Clinical Outcomes After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, So Young Won, Museong Kim, Han-Gil Jeong, Bosco Seong Kyu Yang, Huimahn Alex Choi, Dong-Wan Kang, Yong Soo Kim, Young Deok Kim, Si Un Lee, Seung Pil Ban, Jae Seung Bang, Moon-Ku Han, O-Ki Kwon, Chang Wan Oh

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background and purpose: The immune response following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) can exacerbate secondary brain injury and impact clinical outcomes. As the immune response after aSAH is a dynamic process, we aim to track and characterize immune cell trajectories over time to identify patterns associated with various clinical outcomes.

Methods: In this retrospective single-center study of patients with aSAH, we analyzed immune cell count trajectories, including neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts, collected from day 1 to day 14. These trajectories were classified into four distinct clusters utilizing the k-means longitudinal clustering method. A comprehensive multivariable analysis was performed to explore …

Prognostic Value Of The 5-Sense Score To Predict Focality Of The Seizure-Onset Zone As Assessed By Stereoelectroencephalography: A Prospective International Multicentre Validation Study, Alexandra Astner-Rohracher, Alyssa Ho, John Archer, Fabrice Bartolomei, Milan Brazdil, Melita Cacic Hribljan, James Castellano, Irena Dolezalova, Martin Ejler Fabricius, Mercedes Garcés-Sanchez, Kahina Hammam, Akio Ikeda, Kristin Ikeda, Philippe Kahane, Giridhar Kalamangalam, Gudrun Kalss, Mays Khweileh, Katsuya Kobayashi, Patrick Kwan, Joshua Andrew Laing, Markus Leitinger, Samden Lhatoo, Julia Makhalova, Aileen Mcgonigal, Iona Mindruta, Mary Margaret Mizera, Andrew Neal, Irina Oane, Prachi Parikh, Piero Perucca, Francesca Pizzo, Rodrigo Rocamora, Philippe Ryvlin, Victoria San Antonio Arce, Stephan Schuele, Andreas Schulze-Bonhage, Ana Suller Marti, Alexandra Urban, Vincente Villanueva, Laura Vilella Bertran, Benjamin Whatley, Sandor Beniczky, Eugen Trinka, Georg Zimmermann, Birgit Frauscher

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: Epilepsy surgery is the only curative treatment for patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is the gold standard to delineate the seizure-onset zone (SOZ). However, up to 40% of patients are subsequently not operated as no focal non-eloquent SOZ can be identified. The 5-SENSE Score is a 5-point score to predict whether a focal SOZ is likely to be identified by SEEG. This study aims to validate the 5-SENSE Score, improve score performance by incorporating auxiliary diagnostic methods and evaluate its concordance with expert decisions.

Methods and analysis: Non-interventional, observational, multicentre, prospective study including 200 patients with drug-resistant …

Personalization Of Sudep Risk: A Survey Of Transient Subclinical Comorbid Changes, Kristina A Simeone, Dawn M Martenz, Shruthi H Iyer, Cameron P Booth, Shelby E Herr, Stephanie A Matthews, Samantha B Draves, Laura L Heinemann, Pierce L Greenberg, Samden D Lhatoo, Elizabeth Donner, Timothy A Simeone

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: Preclinical data report within subject modifiable ailments emerge weeks prior to SUDEP, including sleep disorders and cardiorespiratory changes; findings which support anecdotal clinical data. Here, we bridge preclinical findings with future clinical/preclinical studies, and survey whether caretakers or family members of victims noticed transient changes prior to SUDEP. The aim of this pilot study is to identify potential modifiable changes that may synergistically increase SUDEP risk for future research.

Methods: A mobile electronic survey was posted on SUDEP community websites. The survey queried whether changes in seizures, sleep, physical well-being, emotional well-being, cognition, breathing, or heart rate were noticed …

Stimulating Superior Cluneal Nerves Via Peripheral Nerve Stimulation As A Treatment For Chronic Low Back Pain, Peter D Vu, Christopher L Robinson, Alan D Kaye, Jamal Hasoon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Low back pain (LBP) is a challenging clinical condition for both patients and physicians. It requires a comprehensive initial diagnosis to avoid missing potential causes. One less common cause is superior cluneal neuralgia (SCN), which can present with limited lumbar motion, LBP, buttock pain, or an antalgic gait. While conservative therapies are often first line for LBP, neuromodulation, such as peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS), can be considered for more refractory cases. This case report is unique in that SCN was treated with a temporary PNS system, which provided sustained analgesic benefits without the need for permanent implantation.

Mnemonic Utilization In Stroke Education: Fast And Befast Adoption By Certified Comprehensive Stroke Centers, Christopher Hogge, Larry B Goldstein, Sushanth R Aroor

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction

Symptom recognition and timely access to treatment are critical components of acute stroke care systems. Two mnemonics widely used in public educational campaigns for recognizing stroke symptoms include FAST (Face-Arm-Speech-Time) and BEFAST (Balance-Eyes-Face-Arm Speech-Time). The FAST mnemonic can miss up to 14% of strokes. BEFAST includes common posterior circulation stroke symptoms and has been implemented by several Comprehensive Stroke Centers (CSCs).

Methods

We sought to analyze the pattern of public educational materials available on the websites of US CSCs. The Joint Commission (JC) quality check website compiles a list containing the names and locations of the country’s 217 JC-certified …

Synergistic Effects Of Β-Nafeo2 Ferrite Nanoparticles For Photocatalytic Degradation, Antibacterial, And Antioxidant Applications†, Forsad Al Hossain, M Tanjid Hasan Tonmoy, Sri Nuvvula, Brittany P Chapman, Rajesh K Gupta, Andrew A Lover, Rhoel R Dinglasan, Stephanie Carreiro, Tauhidur Rahman

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Syndromic surveillance is an effective tool for enabling the timely detection of infectious disease outbreaks and facilitating the implementation of effective mitigation strategies by public health authorities. While various information sources are currently utilized to collect syndromic signal data for analysis, the aggregated measurement of cough, an important symptom for many illnesses, is not widely employed as a syndromic signal. With recent advancements in ubiquitous sensing technologies, it becomes feasible to continuously measure population-level cough incidence in a contactless, unobtrusive, and automated manner. In this work, we demonstrate the utility of monitoring aggregated cough count as a syndromic indicator to …

The Uprmt Preserves Mitochondrial Import To Extend Lifespan, Jolaade Kalinowski, Elizabeth A Hintz, Chigozirim Izeogu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic introduced many challenges and nuances that have transformed medical practice and research. The uncertainty caused by COVID-19 led to inevitable challenges to patient-provider relationships. The ever-changing landscape of COVID-19 research and policy proved to be challenging for the medical community and patients. These challenges also exacerbated long-standing issues regarding patient-provider communication and trust. On the other hand, these challenges gave voice to a burgeoning patient advocacy community. Through social media, advocacy and patient organizing, patients harnessed their power and organized over challenges relating to COVID-19 fears and concerns, ramifications of "Long COVID," and much more. During …

Therapeutic Efficacy Of A Potent Anti-Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Antibody Is Contingent On Fc Effector Functionslc6a1 Variant Pathogenicity, Molecular Function And Phenotype: A Genetic And Clinical Analysis, Jennifer L Schwedler, Maxwell A Stefan, Christine E Thatcher, Peter R Mcilroy, Anupama Sinha, Ashlee M Phillips, Christopher A Sumner, Colleen M Courtney, Christina Y Kim, Dina R Weilhammer, Brooke Harmon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The development of specific, safe, and potent monoclonal antibodies (Abs) has led to novel therapeutic options for infectious disease. In addition to preventing viral infection through neutralization, Abs can clear infected cells and induce immunomodulatory functions through engagement of their crystallizable fragment (Fc) with complement proteins and Fc receptors on immune cells. Little is known about the role of Fc effector functions of neutralizing Abs in the context of encephalitic alphavirus infection. To determine the role of Fc effector function in therapeutic efficacy against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), we compared the potently neutralizing anti-VEEV human IgG F5 (hF5) Ab …

Healthcare Utilization And Clinical Characteristics Of Genetic Epilepsy In Electronic Health Records, Christian M Boßelmann, Alina Ivaniuk, Mark St John, Sara C Taylor, Gokul Krishnaswamy, Alex Milinovich, Costin Leu, Ajay Gupta, Elia M Pestana-Knight, Imad Najm, Dennis Lal

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Understanding the clinical characteristics and medical treatment of individuals affected by genetic epilepsies is instrumental in guiding selection for genetic testing, defining the phenotype range of these rare disorders, optimizing patient care pathways and pinpointing unaddressed medical need by quantifying healthcare resource utilization. To date, a matched longitudinal cohort study encompassing the entire spectrum of clinical characteristics and medical treatment from childhood through adolescence has not been performed. We identified individuals with genetic and non-genetic epilepsies and onset at ages 0–5 years by linkage across the Cleveland Clinic Health System. We used natural language processing to extract medical terms and …

High Doses Of Caffeine-Induced Cerebral Infarction Leading To Partial Locked-In Syndrome In A Young Adult: A Novel Association?, Vijay Sinha, Loc Lam, Michael V Nguyen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: This is a case of a 30-year-old male with no prior medical conditions presented to the emergency department for presumed seizures after ingesting 900 mg of caffeine via pre-workout drinks and pills.

CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was described as having nearly 15 min of generalized seizure activity observed by emergency medical service, requiring midazolam. A head computerized tomography (CT) demonstrated a possible thrombus, and further, CT angiography and CT perfusion confirmed a basilar artery occlusion. He was treated with tissue plasminogen activator and underwent thrombectomy achieving TICI grade 3 in the left posterior cerebral artery and TICI grade 2b …

Corrigendum: High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation For Upper Extremity Rehabilitation In Moderate-To-Severe Ischemic Stroke: A Pilot Study, Jordan N Williamson, Shirley A James, Dorothy He, Sheng Li, Evgeny V Sidorov, Yuan Yang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Multimodal Therapy And Use Of Adjunctive Therapies To Bont-A In Spasticity Management: Defining Terminology To Help Enhance Spasticity Treatment, Rajiv Reebye, Luis Jorge Jacinto, Alexander Balbert, Bo Biering-Sørensen, Stefano Carda, Nathalie Draulans, Franco Molteni, Michael W O'Dell, Alessandro Picelli, Andrea Santamato, Monica Verduzco-Gutierrez, Heather Walker, Joerg Wissel, Gerard E Francisco

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Spasticity management should be provided within the context of a comprehensive person-centered rehabilitation program. Furthermore, active goal setting for specific spasticity interventions is also important, with a well-established "more is better" approach. It is critical to consider adjunctive therapy and multimodal approaches if patients are not attaining their treatment goals. Often used interchangeably, there may be confusion between the terms adjunctive and multimodal therapy. Yet it is imperative to understand the differences between these approaches to achieve treatment goals in spasticity management. Addition of a secondary pharmacologic or non-pharmacologic treatment to optimize the efficacy of the initial modality, such as …

Safety And Feasibility Of Paired Vagus Nerve Stimulation With Rehabilitation For Improving Upper Extremity Function In People With Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: Study Protocol For A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial, Nuray Yozbatiran, Gerard E Francisco, Radha Korupolu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: Pairing vagus nerve stimulation with traditional rehabilitation therapies results in improved motor recovery in people with stroke. However, this approach has not yet been studied in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Motor recovery continues to be challenging after SCI, and there is a need for innovative research strategies to enhance motor recovery after SCI. Hence, this pilot randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and potential efficacy of pairing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) with rehabilitation therapy to restore the motor function of the paretic upper limbs in people with cervical SCI.

Methods and analysis: In this …

Proportional Sway-Based Electrotactile Feedback Improves Lateral Standing Balance, V S Raghav Hari Krishna, Jeonghee Kim, Shuo-Hsiu Chang, Yoonsuck Choe, Hangue Park

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Plantar cutaneous augmentation is a promising approach in balance rehabilitation by enhancing motion-dependent sensory feedback. The effect of plantar cutaneous augmentation on balance has been mainly investigated in its passive form (e.g., textured insole) or on lower-limb amputees. In this study, we tested the effect of plantar cutaneous augmentation on balance in its active form (i.e., electrical stimulation) for individuals with intact limbs.

METHODS: Ten healthy subjects participated in the study and were instructed to maintain their balance as long as possible on the balance board, with or without electrotactile feedback evoked on the medial side of the heel, …

Precision Needle-Punch Tumor Enrichment From Paraffin Blocks Improves The Detection Of Clinically Actionable Genomic Alterations And Biomarkers, Douglas I Lin, Richard S P Huang, Ioannis Ladas, Rachel B Keller, Nimesh R Patel, Sotirios Lakis, Brennan Decker, Tyler Janovitz, Douglas A Mata, Jeffrey S Ross, Jo-Anne Vergilio, Julia A Elvin, Roy S Herbst, Philip C Mack, Jonathan K Killian

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: While many molecular assays can detect mutations at low tumor purity and variant allele frequencies, complex biomarkers such as tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and genomic loss of heterozygosity (gLOH) require higher tumor purity for accurate measurement. Scalable, quality-controlled, tissue-conserving methods to increase tumor nuclei percentage (TN%) from tumor specimens are needed for complex biomarkers and hence necessary to maximize patient matching to approved therapies or clinical trial enrollment. We evaluated the clinical utility and performance of precision needle-punch enrichment (NPE) compared with traditional razor blade macroenrichment of tumor specimens on molecular testing success.

METHODS: Pathologist-directed NPE …

Thalamic Atrophy And Dysconnectivity Are Associated With Cognitive Impairment In A Multi-Center, Clinical Routine, Real-Word Study Of People With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis., Robert Zivadinov, Niels Bergsland, Dejan Jakimovski, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Lorena Lorefice, Menno M Schoonheim, Sarah A Morrow, Mary Ann Picone, Gabriel Pardo, Myassar Zarif, Mark Gudesblatt, Jacqueline A Nicholas, Andrew Smith, Samuel Hunter, Stephen Newman, Mahmoud A Abdelrazek, Ina Hoti, Jon Riolo, Diego Silva, Tom A Fuchs, Michael G Dwyer, Ralph Hb Benedict

Neuroscience Articles

BACKGROUND: Prior research has established a link between thalamic pathology and cognitive impairment (CI) in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). However, the translation of these findings to pwMS in everyday clinical settings has been insufficient.

OBJECTIVE: To assess which global and/or thalamic imaging biomarkers can be used to identify pwMS at risk for CI and cognitive worsening (CW) in a real-world setting.

METHODS: This was an international, multi-center (11 centers), longitudinal, retrospective, real-word study of people with relapsing-remitting MS (pwRRMS). Brain MRI exams acquired at baseline and follow-up were collected. Cognitive status was evaluated using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test …

Utilizing Ai Integrated Neuroimaging Technology To Expand Upon Machine Learning In Positron Emission Tomography Technology With The Aim Of Detecting Amyloid Beta Biomarkers Early In The Onset Of Alzheimer's., Ethan S. Terman

Undergraduate Research Posters

Early intervention in Alzheimer's is vital for treatment. The earlier a professional can detect symptoms and make a diagnosis the earlier a prognosis can be implemented. With the prevalence of data in our day-to-day world combined with Artificial intelligence (AI), utilizing both for machine learning can pave the way for more accurate and efficient detection of Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. AI combined with Machine learning (ML) increases diagnostic efficiency and reduces human errors, making it a valuable resource for physicians and clinicians alike. With the increasing amount of data processing and image interpretation required, the ability to use AI …

Association Of Circulating Ketone Bodies With Cognitive Performance And Dementia In The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis (Mesa), Parag Anilkumar Chevli, Christopher L Schaich, Alexis C Wood, Luqman A Tk, Anurag Mehta, Vardhmaan Jain, Margery Connelly, Suzanne Craft, Elad Shemesh, José A Luchsinger, Kathleen M Hayden, Bonnie Colleen Sachs, Timothy M Hughes, Michael D Shapiro

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction

Growing interest centers on the association between circulating ketone bodies (KB) and cognitive function, notably in aging and neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods

Associations of plasma KB with incident dementia and cognitive performances were examined among Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants. KB were measured using plasma samples collected following an overnight fasting at Exam 1 (2000–02) and detailed cognitive testing at Exam 5 (2010–2012, N = 4392), Exam 6 (2016–2018, N = 1838), and in MESA‐MIND (2019–2021, N = 2060).

Results

Over 16.7 years, a doubling of total KB was associated with a greater risk of incident dementia (hazard ratio …

Use Of Botulinum Toxin In The Management Of Dystonia In Parkinson’S Disease, Charenya Anandan, Joseph Jankovic

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Botulinum toxin is one of the most potent neurotoxins, but when injected into an overactive muscle, it can transiently alleviate an involuntary movement, such as dystonia. The primary aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the various forms of dystonia observed in patients with Parkinson's disease who can benefit from a therapeutic trial of botulinum toxin. Although most of these indications are not supported by randomized controlled clinical trials and, therefore, not approved by the Food and Drug Administration, there are many open-label trials supporting a large body of empirical experience testifying to the benefits of …

Ultradian Rhythms In Accelerometric And Autonomic Data Vary Based On Seizure Occurrence In Paediatric Epilepsy Patients, Solveig Vieluf, Sarah Cantley, Vaishnav Krishnan, Tobias Loddenkemper

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Ultradian rhythms are physiological oscillations that resonate with period lengths shorter than 24 hours. This study examined the expression of ultradian rhythms in patients with epilepsy, a disease defined by an enduring seizure risk that may vary cyclically. Using a wearable device, we recorded heart rate, body temperature, electrodermal activity and limb accelerometry in patients admitted to the paediatric epilepsy monitoring unit. In our case–control design, we included recordings from 29 patients with tonic–clonic seizures and 29 non-seizing controls. We spectrally decomposed each signal to identify cycle lengths of interest and compared average spectral power- and period-related markers between groups. …

Screening For Adhd In Adult Patients With Epilepsy: Prevalence Of Symptoms And Challenges To Diagnosis, Trung Nguyen, Emily Xiao, Allison Clark, Afroz Shamim, Atul Maheshwari

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: Given the complex nature of seizure disorders and their treatments, ADHD may be underdiagnosed in this population. We hypothesized that a higher percentage of patients presenting to a seizure clinic would endorse ADHD symptoms compared to rates reported in the general population and that formal screening for ADHD symptoms would identify patients with previously undiagnosed comorbid ADHD.

METHODS: In this study, we surveyed 312 adults in a seizure clinic using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1).

RESULTS: We found that 90 patients (28.8%) screened positive with the ASRS-v1.1, but only nine of these patients were able to complete neuropsychological …

Continuous Subcutaneous Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa Infusion For The Treatment Of Motor Fluctuations In Parkinson’S Disease: Considerations For Initiation And Maintenance, Victor S C Fung, Jason Aldred, Martha P Arroyo, Filip Bergquist, Agnita J W Boon, Manon Bouchard, Sarah Bray, Sara Dhanani, Maurizio F Facheris, Nahome Fisseha, Eric Freire-Alvarez, Robert A Hauser, Anna Jeong, Jia Jia, Pavnit Kukreja, Michael J Soileau, Amy M Spiegel, Saritha Talapala, Arjun Tarakad, Enrique Urrea-Mendoza, Jorge Zamudio, Rajesh Pahwa

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: As Parkinson's disease (PD) advances, management is challenged by an increasingly variable and inconsistent response to oral dopaminergic therapy, requiring special considerations by the provider. Continuous 24 h/day subcutaneous infusion of foslevodopa/foscarbidopa (LDp/CDp) provides steady dopaminergic stimulation that can reduce symptom fluctuation.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim is to review the initiation, optimization, and maintenance of LDp/CDp therapy, identify possible challenges, and share potential mitigations.

METHODS: Review available LDp/CDp clinical trial data for practical considerations regarding the management of patients during LDp/CDp therapy initiation, optimization, and maintenance based on investigator clinical trial experience.

RESULTS: LDp/CDp initiation, optimization, and maintenance can be …

Multiple Sclerosis In Central America And Caribbean Countries: Frequency And Clinical Characterization Of An Emergent Disease, Fernando Gracia, Deyanira A Ramírez Navarro, Nicia E Ramírez Sánchez, Roberto Weiser, Alexander Parajeles-Vindas, Ligia I Portillo Rivera, Ericka López Torres, Luis A García Valle, Alfredo Sanabria-Castro, César Abdón López, Pahola Araujo, Maria J Ayerdis Zamora, Andrea Balmaceda-Meza, Aron Benzadon Cohen, Awilda Candelario Cueto, Diego Castillo, Romy Castro-Escobar, Karla Z Corea Urbina, Anyeri De Peña Rivas, Octavio Duarte Sotelo, Temís Enamorado Claros, José L Giroud Benítez, Karla Gracia, Mario Larreategui, Jorge A Martínez Cerrato, Josmarlin P Medina Báez, Carlos E Menjivar Samayoa, Gustavo Miranda-Loria, Priscilla Monterrey-Alvarez, Lilliam A Morales Arguello, Michelle Ortiz, Carlos D Pérez Baldioceda, Lizeth Pinilla Aguilar, Luis C Rodríguez Salinas, Virginia Rodríguez-Moreno, Sebastián Rojas-Chaves, Norbel Román-Garita, Biany Santos Pujols, Carlos Valderrama, Ivonne Van Sijtveld, Indhira Zabala Angeles, Victor M Rivera, Blas Armien

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a common neurological disease among white populations of European origin. Frequencies among Latin Americans continue to be studied, however, epidemiologic, and clinical characterization studies lack from Central American and Caribbean countries. Ethnicity in these countries is uniformly similar with a prevalent Mestizo population.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Data from January 2014 to December 2019 from Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Dominican Republic, and Aruba on demographic, clinical, MRI and phenotypic traits were determined in coordinated studies: ENHANCE, a population-based, retrospective, observational study on incidence and clinical characteristics, and from the subgroup with MS …

A Dual Target Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probe For Noninvasive Profiling Of Pathologic Alpha-Synuclein And Microgliosis In A Mouse Model Of Parkinson’S Disease, Xianwei Sun, Andrew Badachhape, Prajwal Bhandari, Jeannie Chin, Ananth Annapragada, Eric Tanifum

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by progressive deposition of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates in dopaminergic neurons and neuroinflammation. Noninvasive in vivo imaging of α-syn aggregate accumulation and neuroinflammation can elicit the underlying mechanisms involved in disease progression and facilitate the development of effective treatment as well as disease diagnosis and prognosis. Here we present a novel approach to simultaneously profile α-syn aggregation and reactive microgliosis in vivo, by targeting oligomeric α-syn in cerebrospinal fluid with nanoparticle bearing a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), contrast payload. In this proof-of-concept report we demonstrate, in vitro, that microglia and neuroblastoma …

Night-Time Neuronal Activation Of Cluster N In A North American Songbird\, Jennifer Rudolf, Natalie Philipello, Tamara Fleihan, J David Dickman, Kira E Delmore

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Night-migrating songbirds utilize the Earth's magnetic field to help navigate to and from their breeding sites each year. A region of the avian forebrain called Cluster N has been shown to be activated during night migratory behavior and it has been implicated in processing geomagnetic information. Previous studies with night-migratory European songbirds have shown that neuronal activity at Cluster N is higher at night than during the day. Comparable work in North American migrants has only been performed in one species of swallows, so extension of examination for Cluster N in other migratory birds is needed. In addition, it is …

Cisplatin Vestibulotoxicity: A Current Review, Tamara Fleihan, Marc Elie Nader, J David Dickman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Cisplatin, a commonly used chemotherapy drug, is well-established for its ototoxic effects, primarily attributed to the damage it inflicts on cochlear hair cells. However, its impact on the vestibular system remains inadequately understood. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of existing literature concerning cisplatin-induced vestibulotoxicity. Animal studies have shown that cisplatin induces a vestibular hair cell loss that is dose-dependent, with the severity of damage also varying according to the route of administration. Notably, intratympanic and systemic injections in animal models have manifested significant damage primarily to utricular hair cells, with a lesser degree of damage observed for the other …

Translational Symmetry In Convolutions With Localized Kernels Causes An Implicit Bias Toward High Frequency Adversarial Examples, Josue O Caro, Yilong Ju, Ryan Pyle, Sourav Dey, Wieland Brendel, Fabio Anselmi, Ankit B Patel

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Adversarial attacks are still a significant challenge for neural networks. Recent efforts have shown that adversarial perturbations typically contain high-frequency features, but the root cause of this phenomenon remains unknown. Inspired by theoretical work on linear convolutional models, we hypothesize that translational symmetry in convolutional operations together with localized kernels implicitly bias the learning of high-frequency features, and that this is one of the main causes of high frequency adversarial examples. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the impact of different choices of linear and non-linear architectures on the implicit bias of the learned features and adversarial perturbations, …

Scan-Less Microscopy Based On Acousto-Optic Encoded Illumination, Andrea Marchese, Pietro Ricci, Peter Saggau, Martí Duocastella

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Several optical microscopy methods are now available for characterizing scientific and industrial processes at sub-micron resolution. However, they are often ill-suited for imaging rapid events. Limited by the trade-off between camera frame-rate and sensitivity, or the need for mechanical scanning, current microscopes are optimized for imaging at hundreds of frames-per-second (fps), well-below what is needed in processes such as neuronal signaling or moving parts in manufacturing lines. Here, we present a scan-less technology that allows sub-micrometric imaging at thousands of fps. It is based on combining a single-pixel camera with parallelized encoded illumination. We use two acousto-optic deflectors (AODs) placed …

Thrombectomy In Stroke Patients With Low Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score: Is Modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (Mtici) 2c/3 Superior To Mtici 2b?, Sameh Samir Elawady, Brian Fabian Saway, Hidetoshi Matsukawa, Kazutaka Uchida, Steven Lin, Ilko Maier, Pascal Jabbour, Joon-Tae Kim, Stacey Quintero Wolfe, Ansaar Rai, Robert M Starke, Marios-Nikos Psychogios, Edgar A Samaniego, Adam Arthur, Shinichi Yoshimura, Hugo Cuellar, Jonathan A Grossberg, Ali Alawieh, Daniele G Romano, Omar Tanweer, Justin Mascitelli, Isabel Fragata, Adam Polifka, Joshua Osbun, Roberto Crosa, Charles Matouk, Min S Park, Michael R Levitt, Waleed Brinjikji, Mark Moss, Travis Dumont, Richard Williamson, Pedro Navia, Peter Kan, Reade De Leacy, Shakeel Chowdhry, Mohamad Ezzeldin, Alejandro M Spiotta, Sami Al Kasab

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Outcomes following mechanical thrombectomy (MT) are strongly correlated with successful recanalization, traditionally defined as modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) ≥2b. This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare the outcomes of patients with low Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS; 2-5) who achieved mTICI 2b versus those who achieved mTICI 2c/3 after MT.

METHODS: This study utilized data from the Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry (STAR), which combined databases from 32 thrombectomy-capable stroke centers between 2013 and 2023. The study included only patients with low ASPECTS who achieved mTICI 2b, 2c, or 3 after MT …