Medical Pharmacology Commons^™

The Role Of The Central Nervous System In The Hypotensive Action Of Atenolol, Amy Kathryn Adams

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

The contribution of the central nervous system to the hypotensive action of atenolol was examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive dogs. In the rat, atenolol produced a hypotensive response which was stereoselective for the ��-isomer after both central and peripheral administration. In addition, 10 µg ��-atenolol administered intra-cisternally produced a hypotensive response not observed after intravenous administration of the same dose. The hypotensive action of atenolol was further examined using a method developed for the quantita­tion of atenolol in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of dogs. Atenolol rapidly entered the CSF after intravenous administration, producing a hypotensive response in …

Regulation Of Luteinizing Hormone And Catecholamine Release, Benjamin Aaron Adler

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

These studies tested the interrelated hypotheses that the ovarian hormones produce their positive feedback effects on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion through activation of noradrenergic and adrenergic systems in specific hypothalamic regions. Furthermore, the ovarian hormones may alter the activity of opioid neuropeptide and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) systems to produce these alterations in catecholamine transmission and gonadotropin secretion. Radioimmunoassays were utilized to determine plasma LH and median eminence LHRH, and hypothalamic catecholamine concentrations were measured by radioenzymatic assay.

The first two studies tested whether epinephrine (EPI) synthesis inhibition blocks the accumulation of median eminence LHRH that precedes the ovarian hormone-induced LH …

Interferon Gamma Blocks The Growth Of Toxoplasma Gondii In Human Fibroblasts By Inducing The Host Cells To Degrade Tryptophan., E. R. Pfefferkorn

Dartmouth Scholarship

Treatment of human fibroblasts with human recombinant gamma interferon blocked the growth of Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. Growth of the parasite was measured by a plaque assay 7 days after infection or by the incorporation of [3H]uracil 1 or 2 days after infection. The antitoxoplasma activity induced in the host cells by gamma interferon was strongly dependent upon the tryptophan concentration of the medium. Progressively higher minimal inhibitory concentrations of gamma interferon were observed as the tryptophan concentration in the culture medium was increased. Treatment with gamma interferon did not make the cells impermeable to tryptophan. The …

Studies Of The Depolarization-Induced Release Of Beta Adrenergic Receptor Blocking Drugs From In Vitro Neural Preparations, Patricia Sherwood Bright

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that nerve terminals may serve as a site for storage and release of beta adrenergic receptor blocking drugs. Experiments were conducted with two different in vitro neural preparations, cultured superior cervical ganglia from adult rats and synaptosomes prepared from rat cerebral cortex. The release of propranolol by depolarizing stimuli was examined and compared with the release of the more hydrophilic, cardioselective beta receptor antagonist atenolol. In both neuronal models, norepinephrine release was monitored as an index of exocytosis. Cultured superior cervical ganglia of the rat represent an in vitro model …

Physiology And Pharmacology: 1905-1977; Physiology: 1977-1983, Helge Ellis Ederstrom, Stanley J. Brumleve

UND Departmental Histories

This departmental history was written on the occasion of the UND Centennial in 1983.

Effects Of The Serotonin Depletor Parachlorophenylalanine Upon Shock-Induced Aggression And Pressing Responses In Rats, Robert G. Sewell

Masters Theses

The literature concerning the effects of d, l-parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) upon shock-induced aggression (SIA) is reviewed and found to be inconsistent. PCPA, a known serotonin depletor, has behavioral effects in a variety of other procedures which collectively suggest that PCPA should produce SIA enhancement. The present study was designed to analyze PCPA (300 mg/kg) effects upon SIA in rats restrained spatially close to an inanimate target and panel operandum. The results showed marked increases in both aggressive biting and panel pressing for several days following each PCPA treatment for each subject tested. These data were interpreted to indicate that serotonin depletion …

A Scale For Assessing The Severity Of Diseases And Adverse Drug Reactions: Application To Drug Benefit And Risk, Ronald J. Tallarida, Rodney B. Murray, Carl Eiben

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

Physicians were interviewed to assess their willingness to risk adverse drug reactions among patients. These untoward reactions were ranked according to severity and weighted against the primary illness being treated. A specially designed questionnaire in the form of a matrix was used. Severity was divided into seven classes denoted by progressively increasing numerical scores, W₁ to W₇, whose values could be calculated from analysis of the completed questionnaires. The questionnaires presented several cases, in each of which an illness of specified severity was to be treated with a drug whose untoward reactions differ in severity from that …

Role Of Cytochrome P-450 In Methemoglobin Formation By Primaquine With Hamster Liver Microsomes, Tommy L. Hicks

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The role of cytochrome P-450 in in vitro methemoglobin formation by primaquine was investigated through a series of experiments with golden-Syrian hamsters, treated before sacrificing with phenobarbital or 20-methylcholanthrene to increase the cytochrome P-450 content or with cobaltous chloride to cause its decrease. To determine the extent of induction in the liver microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed-function oxidases, cytochrome P-450 content and formaldehyde from the 0-demethylation of p-nitroanisole were measured. A 90% increase occurred in cytochrome P-450 content with phenobarbital pretreatment and an increase of 102% was observed in p-nitroanisole 0-demethylation. Formaldehyde from primaquine increased 64%. The methylcholanthrene treatment produced a …

Pneumotachograph, Louis Diamond, William T. Lipscomb

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Patents

A pneumotachograph suitable for measuring flow rates of respiratory gases in small animals and comprising essentially a flow-resisting element which can be placed in series with a subject''s airway. The pressure drop across the resistive element is proportional to the rate of airflow and is linear over the range of flows which one normally would expect to encounter in small animals (0-2 liters/min.).

An Anesthetic Technique Utilizing Innovar, Fentanyl, And Methohexital Sodium For Outpatient Oral Surgery, Fredric D. Haerich

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A study of 800 patients ranging in age from seven to one hundred years was conducted in the development of an anesthetic technique which combines the desirable qualities of a neuroleptic agent with the requirements of an outpatient oral surgical anesthetic. These requirements included rapidity of onset, effectiveness of action, ease of controlling duration, and rapid postoperative recovery.

Patients who were cleared medically for outpatient procedures were given Innovar 1.5 cc/150 lb of body weight, atropine 0.4 mg, and fentanyl 1.0 cc/150 lb of body weight as an initial dose within 30-45 seconds in a D5W drip by means of …

A Comparative In Vitro Metabolic Study Of Certain Pesticidal Phenyl N-Methyl-Carbamates, Larry A. Wheeler

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Two critical parameters in the evaluation of the toxicological hazards of the use of carbamate pesticides are: (1) a rapid, sensitive, and precise analytical method of identification of the carbamate and its metabolites; and (2) their metabolism. A method in this study was developed whereby various carbamates and their metabolites could be chromatographed in the gaseous phase. Also, a comparative in vitro study of 15,000 g liver supernatants from human, rat, and dog was performed. Additional tissues investigated for metabolic activity toward the carbamates, Zectran and Mesurol, were kidney (from the dog only) and various blood fractions (red blood cells, …

The Improvement Of Peripheral Blood Flow During Hemorrhagic Hypotension Following Phenoxybenzamine Treatment Expressed In Terms Of Extracellular Potassium Shifts, Thomas J. Wera

Master's Essays (1922 - )

The study of plasma electrolytes notably, the potassium and sodium ions during hemorrhagic stress and other forms of shock, were once the subject of intense investigation (42). However, the advent of new investigative techniques enabled more complex, experimental designs and methods to be used in which it was possible to study the many other variables which exist as a result of shock regardless of cause. The proponents of the probable electrolyte mechanism in shock subsequently diminished in numbers until recent times.

It is felt by this author that recent renewal regarding the various ions, especially the cations, sodium and potassium …

Studies Of Cardiovascular Energy Changes Occurring With Drug Administration Under Normal Acid Base Balance And During Hypercapnia, Ischemia, And Metabolic Acidosis, Earl E. Aldinger

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Reflex autonomic changes occurring with the use of cardiovascular drugs may, as a side effect, increase cardiac work and oxygen demand. Improvement of coronary flow and/or a decrease in myocardial work load without increasing oxygen utilization are the desired effects of drugs used in the treatment of coronary insufficiency. The improvement of cardiac function is the purpose of drugs used in the treatment of heart failure. In either case the therapeutic effect may be accomplished through a direct myocardial effect and/or a decrease in cardiac pressure work load through extracardiac action. Through animal experimentation and patient correlation of the many …

A Study Of The Influence Of Acid-Base Changes On Myocardial And Vasopressor Responses To Arterenol And Epinephrine, Earl E. Aldinger

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

It is well known that when the body is subjected to various stress conditions there is almost always a reflex release of certain neurohumoral substances in an attempt to compensate for these abnormal conditions. Acid-base changes, for example, are some of the most frequent occurring under these conditions. As mentioned throughout this thesis there is a direct correlation between acidosis end extreme hypotension or shock. The objective of these experiments was to investigate and determine the influence of acidosis on the cardiovascular response to the sympatho-adrenal hormones, arterenol and epinephrine, which are released in large amounts during shock. These studies …