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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Medical Pharmacology
Topical Lidocaine For Pain Control With Intrauterine Device Insertion: Does It Work?, Piper Gaudet, Jahnavi Ramakrishnan, Fariha Azam
Topical Lidocaine For Pain Control With Intrauterine Device Insertion: Does It Work?, Piper Gaudet, Jahnavi Ramakrishnan, Fariha Azam
Physician Assistant Capstones, 2020-current
Objective: To evaluate whether topical lidocaine improves the subjective perception of pain during the insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD) in women of childbearing age, compared to a placebo. Design: Mini-systematic literature review. Methods: An initial search of PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus was conducted using the terms "pain control," "IUD," and "lidocaine," yielding 49 articles, of which 31 were screened and 26 excluded based on pre-designated inclusion criteria. After assessing five articles for eligibility, three met the criteria and were evaluated using Duke University's Clinical Appraisal Worksheet and the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine table to determine their level of …
Naloxone Prescribing At Hospital Discharge: A Quality Improvement Initiative, Timothy Ford
Naloxone Prescribing At Hospital Discharge: A Quality Improvement Initiative, Timothy Ford
Doctors of Nursing Practice (DNP) Final Projects, 2020-current
Opioid overdose deaths remain one of the largest public health challenges in the United States. Naloxone allocation is an important tool to help combat opioid overdose deaths. The literature supports that hospitalized patients are generally receptive to receiving naloxone and opioid education and interdisciplinary teams working together can help facilitate identification of high-risk patients for naloxone allocation. This quality improvement change, guided by the IHI Triple Aims and Model for Healthcare Improvement frameworks, sought to increase the rate of patients leaving the Hospital Medicine Service with naloxone. To accomplish this, during the target units’ daily interdisciplinary rounds, providers were prompted …
Shorter Duration Of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Following Second Generation Drug Eluting Stent Placement, Alexandra Coy, Caitlyn M. Murtha
Shorter Duration Of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Following Second Generation Drug Eluting Stent Placement, Alexandra Coy, Caitlyn M. Murtha
Physician Assistant Capstones, 2020-current
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in both men and women in The United States. Because advanced heart disease is often treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stent implantation, many patients will be put on dual antiplatelet therapy to prevent adverse effects such as stent thrombosis or restenosis. The purpose of this literature review is to determine if the development of second-generation drug eluting stents allows for a shorter, 6-month, duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) versus the currently recommended 12 months. The articles discussed in this review were obtained on PubMed and narrowed using search terms …
The Safety And Efficacy Of Pravastatin In The Treatment Of Preeclampsia, Miranda Shelly, Tara Riley
The Safety And Efficacy Of Pravastatin In The Treatment Of Preeclampsia, Miranda Shelly, Tara Riley
Physician Assistant Capstones, 2020-current
Objective: Assess the efficacy of pravastatin in the prevention or treatment of preeclampsia in women who are at risk. Design: Systematic literature review. Methods: A search was performed using Pubmed utilizing the terms preeclampsia and pravastatin. The results were limited to studies that were double blind and placebo controlled and that occurred in the last 5 years. Results: None of the studies found statistical significance in the rate of preeclampsia between the experimental and control groups. Only one study found statistically significant differences in fetal birth weight and age at delivery. The other two studies found no differences between groups …
Prophylactic Intravenous Prehydration With Sodium Bicarbonate Or Sodium Chloride In The Prevention Of Contrast Induced Acute Kidney Injury, Briana Lockett, Caroline Dong
Prophylactic Intravenous Prehydration With Sodium Bicarbonate Or Sodium Chloride In The Prevention Of Contrast Induced Acute Kidney Injury, Briana Lockett, Caroline Dong
Physician Assistant Capstones, 2020-current
Introduction: Iodinated contrast media is a crucial component in the diagnostic work up of many life-threatening illnesses. However, it has been reported to cause acute kidney injury after administration, especially in patients with pre-existing renal disease. Several prophylactic treatments have been studied in hopes of minimizing these adverse events. The current standard of care in this patient population is prophylactic intravenous volume administration with either sodium chloride or sodium bicarbonate. Objective: The goal of this literature review is to determine if prophylactic intravenous volume administration with either saline or sodium bicarbonate prior to contrast administration decreases the incidence of contrast …
Deep Brain Stimulation Of The Subcallosal Cingulate Gyrus In The Treatment Of Treatment Resistant Depression, Megan Caravas, Melanie Sov
Deep Brain Stimulation Of The Subcallosal Cingulate Gyrus In The Treatment Of Treatment Resistant Depression, Megan Caravas, Melanie Sov
Physician Assistant Capstones, 2020-current
Objective: a systematic review to determine the efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the subcallosal cingulate gyrus (SCG) for the treatment of treatment resistant depression (TRD). Methods: PubMed database was utilized in a search for clinical randomized control trials that were completed after the year 2000, using the terms deep brain stimulation, treatment resistant depression, and subcallosal cingulate gyrus. Results: Three clinical trials were chosen based on specific inclusion criteria as noted in the PRISMA flow chart (Chart 1). The results of the three articles showed various discrepancies. Two of the three studies demonstrated some statistical significance in reduction …
Comparing Nebivolol And Spironolactone In The Treatment Of Heart Failure With A Preserved Ejection Fraction, Caroline Joseph, Alison Fenter
Comparing Nebivolol And Spironolactone In The Treatment Of Heart Failure With A Preserved Ejection Fraction, Caroline Joseph, Alison Fenter
Physician Assistant Capstones, 2016 to 2019
Objective: To assess the efficacy of improving diastolic dysfunction with the use of nebivolol, a selective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist, as compared to spironolactone, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, in the treatment of diastolic heart failure. To assess whether or not these medications have a favorable outcome in terms of improving exercise capacity in patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF). Design: Systematic Literature Review. Methods: Searches in PubMed and the JMU online library database using mesh terms that included “diastolic heart failure”, “nebivolol”, and “spironolactone”. In order to narrow down relevant articles, filter terms included “humans”, …
Novel Reversal Agents For Non-Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants, Kimberly Hoilman, Melanie Reyer
Novel Reversal Agents For Non-Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants, Kimberly Hoilman, Melanie Reyer
Physician Assistant Capstones, 2016 to 2019
Background Non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants have become an appealing alternative treatment for the prevention of stroke in non-valvular atrial fibrillation and in treatment of venous thromboembolism. The major limitation to the use of these drugs is the lack of reversal agents. The purpose of this review is to investigate the development and efficacy of novel agents for reversal of NOACs. Methods Two separate literature searches were conducted in the PubMed database using the terms “prothrombin complex concentrate” and “idarucizumab”, respectively. Only in vivo clinical trials involving human subjects within the last five years were included for possible analysis. Studies with …
Fecal Transplant Vs Vancomycin For Recurrent Clostridium Diffile, Lauren M. Taylor, Todd E. Edwards
Fecal Transplant Vs Vancomycin For Recurrent Clostridium Diffile, Lauren M. Taylor, Todd E. Edwards
Physician Assistant Capstones, 2016 to 2019
Objective: To compare fecal transplant and vancomycin in the treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile to determine which has the higher cure rate. Design: Systematic literature review. Methods: Pubmed, Google Scholar, and TRIP database using the search terms “recurrent clostridium difficile.” Filters were implemented in the Pubmed database including: randomized control trials, English, and published in the past 5 years. Records were screened for RCT with fecal transplant and full-text. Results: van Nood et al. revealed an initial cure rate of 81% for the infusion group, and a re-treated cure rate of 94%, compared to the vancomycin alone group of 31% …
Comparing Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors And Warfarin In The Prevention Of Stroke In Patients With Atrial Fibrillation, Alessandra Lof, Stephanie Pillai
Comparing Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors And Warfarin In The Prevention Of Stroke In Patients With Atrial Fibrillation, Alessandra Lof, Stephanie Pillai
Physician Assistant Capstones, 2016 to 2019
Objective: To evaluate the overall efficacy, advantages, and disadvantages of treatment with direct factor Xa inhibitors as compared to warfarin in the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods: A quantitative meta-analysis was performed on three separate studies, each of which evaluated the efficacy and safety outcomes of a direct factor Xa inhibitor versus warfarin in preventing stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. The direct factor Xa inhibitors that were evaluated included apixaban, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban. Results: The direct factor Xa inhibitors were found to be as effective, and in some cases more effective, than …