Medical Sciences Commons^™

Antitumor Activity And Biomarker Analysis For Trop2 Antibody-Drug Conjugate Datopotamab Deruxtecan In Patient-Derived Breast Cancer Xenograft Models, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Erkan Yuca, Kurt W Evans, Ming Zhao, Takanori Maejima, Tsuyoshi Karibe, Maria Gabriela Raso, Ximing Tang, Xiaofeng Zheng, Yasmeen Qamar Rizvi, Argun Akcakanat, Stephen M Scott, Bailiang Wang, Lauren A Byers, Debu Tripathy, Daisuke Okajima, Senthil Damodaran

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) is a humanized anti-trophoblast cell-surface antigen-2 (TROP2) IgG1 mAb linked to a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor payload (DXd). Dato-DXd has already shown antitumor activity in breast cancer; however, the determinants of response, including the importance of TROP2 expression, remain unclear. We tested the activity of Dato-DXd in a panel of breast cancer patient-derived xenografts (BCX) varying in TROP2 expression.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The antitumor activity of Dato-DXd and isotype-control-DXd (IgG-DXd) was assessed against 11 BCXs varying in TROP2 expression, 10 representing tumors postneoadjuvant chemotherapy. Pharmacodynamic effects were assessed at 24 and 72 hours. The effects of TROP2 …

Investigating The In Vivo Effects Of Anti-Prion Protein Nanobodies On Prion Disease With Aav Vector, Jingjing Zhang, Mengfei Wang, Dan Wang, Xiangyi Zhang, Yue Ma, Els Pardon, Jan Steyaert, Romany Abskharon, Fei Wang, Jiyan Ma

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders affecting humans and animals, and the central pathogenic event is the conversion of normal prion protein (PrPC) into the pathogenic PrPSc isoform. Previous studies have identified nanobodies that specifically recognize PrPC and inhibit the PrPC to PrPSc conversion in vitro. In this study, we investigated the potential for in vivo expression of anti-PrPC nanobodies and evaluated their impact on prion disease. The coding sequences of three nanobodies were packaged into recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) and were administered via intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection in newborn mice. We found that the expression of these nanobodies remained robust …

Dairy Consumption And The Colonic Mucosa-Associated Gut Microbiota In Humans-A Preliminary Investigation, Ellie Chen, Nadim J Ajami, Donna L White, Yanhong Liu, Shawn Gurwara, Kristi Hoffman, David Y Graham, Hashem B El-Serag, Joseph F Petrosino, Li Jiao

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Dairy consumption has been associated with various health outcomes that may be mediated by changes in gut microbiota.

Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated the association between the colonic mucosa-associated gut microbiota and the self-reported intake of total dairy, milk, cheese, and yogurt. A total of 97 colonic mucosal biopsies collected from 34 polyp-free individuals were analyzed. Dairy consumption in the past year was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The 16S rRNA gene V4 region was amplified and sequenced. Operational taxonomic unit (OTU) classification was performed using the UPARSE and SILVA databases. OTU diversity and relative abundance were compared …

Cardiovascular Disease In Adults With Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Clinical Characteristics, Care Recommendations, And Research Priorities Identified Using A Modified Delphi Technique, Lars Folkestad, Siddharth K Prakash, Sandesh C S Nagamani, Niels Holmark Andersen, Erin Carter, Jannie Dahl Hald, Riley J Johnson, Bente Langdahl, Eleanor M Perfetto, Cathleen Raggio, Stuart H Ralston, Robert A Sandhaus, Oliver Semler, Laura Tosi, Eric Orwoll

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a multisystem disorder most often caused by pathogenic variants in genes that encode type I collagen. Type I collagen is abundant not only in bone but also in multiple tissues including skin, tendons, cornea, blood vessels, and heart. Thus, OI can be expected to affect cardiovascular system, and there are numerous reports of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people with OI. However, there is no consensus on how CVD in OI should be assessed or managed. To fill this gap, a multidisciplinary group was convened to develop clinical guidance. The work included a systematic review of the …

Defining The Role Of Adjuvant Radiotherapy For Biliary Tract Cancers: A Site-Specific Propensity-Matched Analysis, Yongwoo David Seo, Belkacem Acidi, Andrew Newton, Antony Haddad, Yi-Ju Chiang, Rainna Coelho, Timothy E Newhook, Ching-Wei D Tzeng, Yun Shin Chun, Ethan B Ludmir, Eugene J Koay, Milind Javle, Jean Nicolas Vauthey, Hop S Tran Cao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) have distinct tumor biology but share a poor prognosis, with a 5-year-survival-rate of 5-19%. Surgical resection is the only potential cure, but recurrences are common. The role of adjuvant radiotherapy (XRT) remains unclear.

Methods: Using the National Cancer Database (2006-2018), we analyzed resected non-metastatic BTCs. Patients who survived beyond 90 days post-surgery were included, while those with R2 resections or neoadjuvant therapy were excluded. Propensity matching was performed based on predictors of adjuvant radiation, age, and sex. Survival outcomes were compared between no adjuvant therapy, chemotherapy alone, and XRT ± chemotherapy.

Results: …

Evaluation Of Hyponatremia Management Pathway, Mahmoud Ammar Pharmd, Jonathan M. Siner, Mary Judson, Christopher Winterbottom

Abstracts

Society of Critical Care Medicine's (SCCM) 2025 Critical Care Congress:

Evaluation of Hyponatremia Management Pathway Implementation in a Large Academic Health System

Submission Number: 1894079

Patients with severe hyponatremia managed using the Care Signature pathway were more likely to receive hypertonic saline and had lower mortality rates compared to those not managed with the pathway. These results suggest that the pathway can improve clinical outcomes and reduce resource use. Further studies are needed to evaluate its impact on other patients’ outcomes and long-term effectiveness.

Management Of Isolated Partial Acl Tears: A Survey Of International Acl Surgeons, Christopher S Frey, Kinsley J Pierre, Nicole S Pham, Geoffrey D Abrams, Seth L Sherman, Tim Spalding, Marc R Safran

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Partial anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, particularly injuries detected with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but stable on ligamentous examination, appear to be recognized more frequently; however, there remains no consensus management for this complex pathology.

Purpose: To present the results of a survey of a group of international ACL experts on the management of partial ACL injuries.

Study design: Survey study; Level of evidence, 5.

Methods: The ACL Study Group is an international group of orthopaedic surgeons with a special interest in the ACL. There are 169 members overall, with 135 clinically active surgeons. A branching logic survey was …

Deformity Considerations In Cervical Laminoplasty: A Narrative Review, Joseph P Drain, Paul Alvarez, William Ryan Spiker, Elizabeth Yu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objectives: We discuss the incidence of postoperative kyphosis following laminoplasty and its impact on outcomes, as well as critical radiographic parameters, intraoperative technical factors, and postoperative protocols that can be used to improve results.

Summary of background data: When appropriately selected, cervical laminoplasty is a motion-sparing treatment option for cervical myelopathy and is a valid alternative to laminectomy and fusion procedures. However, like other posterior-based cervical decompression techniques, laminoplasty can cause postoperative kyphosis.

Methods: A PubMed search was performed to gather articles that focus on cervical deformity in the context of cervical laminoplasty.

Results: The reported conversion rates of lordotic …

Educating Medical Students In Sleep, Diet, And Exercise To Determine Effects On Their Treatment Plan Development For Future Patients, Paul Jackson, Wyatt Edgekoski, Kaleb Gustavsen, Andrew Payne

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

Dean's Research Newsletter, February 2025, Neil W. Schluger

SOM Dean's Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

In Vitro Hydrolysis Of Areca Nut Xenobiotics In Human Liver, Vincenzo Paolillo, Mahendran Jayakumar, Colton Sheperd, Andrew Tran, Stephanie Hoang, Nhu Dao, Parag Jain, Alan L Myers

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Areca nut (AN) is a substance of abuse consumed by millions worldwide, in spite of established oral and systemic toxicities associated with its use. Previous research demonstrates methyl ester alkaloids in the AN, such as arecoline and guvacoline, exhibit mood-altering and toxicological effects. Nonetheless, their metabolism has not been fully elucidated in humans. In the present study, an HPLC-UV bioanalytical method was developed to evaluate the hydrolytic kinetics and clearance rates of arecoline and guvacoline in human liver microsomes (HLM) and cytosol (HLC). The bioassay was capable of quantifying arecoline and guvacoline (and carboxylate metabolites arecaidine and guvacine, respectively) with …

The Global Epidemiology And Health Burden Of The Autism Spectrum: Findings From The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2021, Global Burden Of Disease Study 2021 Autism Spectrum Collaborators, Lourdes Bernadette Tanchanco, Angel Belle Dy

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

Background

High-quality estimates of the epidemiology of the autism spectrum and the health needs of autistic people are necessary for service planners and resource allocators. Here we present the global prevalence and health burden of autism spectrum disorder from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 following improvements to the epidemiological data and burden estimation methods.

Methods

For GBD 2021, a systematic literature review involving searches in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, the Global Health Data Exchange, and consultation with experts identified data on the epidemiology of autism spectrum disorder. Eligible data were used to estimate prevalence …

Subendocardial Ischemia: Does Cmd Really Exist?, Nils P Johnson, K Lance Gould

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Patients with angina but without obstructive epicardial coronary disease still require a specific mechanistic diagnosis to enable targeted treatment. The overarching term "coronary microvascular dysfunction" (CMD) has been applied broadly - but is it correct? We present a series of case examples culminating a systematic exploration of our large clinical database to distinguish among four categories of coronary pathophysiology. First, by far the largest group of "no stenosis angina" patients exhibits subendocardial ischemia during intact flow through diffuse epicardial disease during dipyridamole vasodilator stress. Second, rare patients indeed have ischemic signs or symptoms due solely to reduced flow attributable to …

Applications Of Metabolomics And Lipidomics In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Jonathan D Reiss, Samson J Mataraso, Lindsay F Holzapfel, Ivana Marić, Maya M Kasowski, Camilia R Martin, Jonathan Z Long, David K Stevenson, Gary M Shaw

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The metabolome and lipidome comprise the thousands of molecular compounds in an organism. Molecular compounds consist of the upstream metabolic components of intracellular reactions or the byproducts of cellular pathways. Molecular and biochemical perturbations are associated with disorders in newborns and infants. The diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism has relied on targeted metabolomics for several decades. Newer approaches offer the potential to identify novel biomarkers for common diseases of the newborn and infant. They may also elucidate novel predictive or diagnostic measures for a variety of health trajectories. Here, we review the relevance of the metabolome and lipidome for …

From Stable Teamwork To Dynamic Teaming In The Ambulatory Care Diagnostic Process, Scott I Tannenbaum, Eric J Thomas, Sigall K Bell, Eduardo Salas

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Dynamic teaming is required whenever people must coordinate with one another in a fluid context, particularly when the fundamental structures of a team, such as membership, priorities, tasks, modes of communication, and location are in near-constant flux. This is certainly the case in the contemporary ambulatory care diagnostic process, where circumstances and conditions require a shifting cast of individuals to coordinate dynamically to ensure patient safety. This article offers an updated perspective on dynamic teaming commonly required during the ambulatory diagnostic process. Drawing upon team science, it clarifies the characteristics of dynamic diagnostic teams, identifies common risk points in the …

Case Studies In Heritable Vascular Disease: Proceedings Of The Uthealth Houston Multidisciplinary Aortic Conference, Milan Jaiswal, Lucas Ribe, Rana O Afifi, Yuki Ikeno, Alana C Cecchi, Bihong Zhao, Akiko Tanaka, Gustavo S Oderich, L Maximilian Buja, Dianna M Milewicz, Siddharth K Prakash, Anthony L Estrera

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Heritable thoracic aortic disease is caused by dominantly inherited mutations in more than a dozen genes, including TGFB2 mutations that cause Loeys-Dietz syndrome. McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston convenes a regular conference that includes cardiothoracic and vascular surgeons, cardiologists, geneticists, radiologists, and pathologists to formulate multidisciplinary approaches for the management of complex heritable thoracic aortic disease cases. In this report, we highlight the unique management of individuals with distinct presentations of Loeys-Dietz syndrome owing to TGFB2 mutations.

Notch3 Deletion Regulates Hiv-1 Gene Expression And Systemic Inflammation To Ameliorate Chronic Kidney Disease, Mackenzie Thornton, Nicole Sommer, Mercedes Mcgonigle, Anil Kumar Ram, Sireesha Yerrathota, Henrietta Ehirim, Aakriti Chaturvedi, Johnny Dinh Phan, Anubhav Chakraborty, V. Praveen Chakravarthi, Sumedha Gunewardena, Mudit Tyagi, Jaya Talreja, Tao Wang, Pravin Singhal, Pamela V. Tran, Timothy A. Fields, Patricio E. Ray, Navneet K. Dhillon, Madhulika Sharma

Center for Translational Medicine Faculty Papers

Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has decreased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-associated morbidity. However, despite ART, immune cells remain latently infected, leading to chronic inflammation and HIV-1-associated comorbidities. New strategies are needed to target viral proteins and inflammation. We found activation of Notch3 in renal cells of the HIV-1 transgenic mouse model (HIV-Tg26) and in patients with HIV-associated nephropathy. We hypothesized that targeting NOTCH3 activation constitutes an effective therapy for HIV-related chronic kidney disease. We generated HIV-Tg26 mice with Notch3 knocked out (Tg-N3KO). Compared to HIV-Tg26 mice at 3 months, Tg-N3KO mice showed a marked reduction in renal injury, skin lesions and mortality …

Is There A Difference Between Modular Versus Monoblock Femoral Stems Used During Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty?, Alisina Shahi, Hari Bezwada, Daniel Kendoff, Fouad Sadek, Margarita Veloso Duran, Heinz Winkler, Weijun Wang, Xiaogang Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Non-Invasive Prenatal Screening: Testing Motivations And Decision Making In The Low-Risk Population, Jenna K Lea, Blair K Stevens, Shannon Mulligan, Syed S Hashmi, Rebecca Lunstroth, Meagan G Choates

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Non-invasive prenatal screening provides a risk assessment for aneuploidies by utilizing cell-free DNA (cfDNA). It is recommended that cell-free DNA screening (cfDNA screening) be offered to all pregnant people regardless of a priori risk for aneuploidy. In the absence of an increased risk, alternative motives for electing cfDNA screening and different levels of informed decision making may arise. Therefore, our study aimed to characterize low-risk patients' motivations for cfDNA screening election, determine how often informed decisions are being made, and compare motivations between informed and uninformed decision makers. A survey that included a modified, validated measure of informed choice (MMIC) …

Harnessing N-Of-1 Trials For Personalised Paediatric Care In The Era Of Information Overload, Joyce P Samuel

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Pharmacologic Management Of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (Hfpef) In Older Adults, Ashkan Hashemi, Min Ji Kwak, Parag Goyal

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

There are several pharmacologic agents that have been touted as guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, it is important to recognize that older adults with HFpEF also contend with an increased risk for adverse effects from medications due to age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medications, as well as the concurrence of geriatric conditions such as polypharmacy and frailty. With this review, we discuss the underlying evidence for the benefits of various treatments in HFpEF and incorporate key considerations for older adults, a subpopulation that may be at higher risk for adverse drug …

Acquired Hepatocerebral Degeneration In A Septic Patient: Hospital Course And Mri Findings, Ethan L Porter, Alexandria R Koney, Alexia R Jauregui, Emelie N Mcquitty, Courtney T Huynh, Rita B Khouri, Alisha Kashyap, Matthew T Wong

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Acquired hepatocerebral degeneration (AHD) is a rare neuropsychiatric disorder affecting cirrhotic patients, often presenting with neuropsychiatric symptoms triggered by a precipitating factor. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing T1 hyperintensities in the globus pallidus is diagnostic. In this case report, a 40-year-old female patient with alcoholic cirrhosis presented with generalized swelling, jaundice, fever, and signs of septic shock. After stabilization, changes in cognition while this patient was hospitalized prompted the management of several different factors, including the underlying infection, hypernatremia, vitamin deficiency, alcohol withdrawal, and hyperammonemia. Infectious disease consultation helped determine the antibiotic selection and dosage for bacteremia and later concerns …

Exploring Unintended Consequences From The Prospective Payment System Transitional Drug Add-On Payment Adjustment To Refine Program Enhancement Strategies, Donald Andrew Molony, Dia Rose Waguespack

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Comparing One Stage, Chromogenic Assay Results And Discrepancies With Bleeding Phenotype And Genetic Variants In Females With Hemophilia A, Lakshmi Srivaths, Joanna Larson, Sepideh Saroukhani, Mohammed Said, Deborah Brown, Nidra Rodriguez, Neethu Menon, Miguel Escobar

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Increasing evidence in females with hemophilia A has shown significant bleeding symptoms. Accurate factor (F) VIII activity (FVIII:C) measurement is essential to assign correct diagnosis and severity. Assay discrepancies reported in male patients with hemophilia A are not well studied in females.

Objectives: Our research sought to assess the association of FVIII:C levels by one-stage versus chromogenic assays and the assay discrepancy with bleeding phenotype and genetic mutation in females with hemophilia A.

Methods: Data from 64 females with hemophilia A from our center were reviewed with center's institutional review board approval. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared, Fisher's exact, and Bland-Altman …

Bringing Team Science To The Ambulatory Diagnostic Process: How Do Patients And Clinicians Develop Shared Mental Models?, Aubrey Samost-Williams, Eric J Thomas, Olivia Lounsbury, Scott I Tannenbaum, Eduardo Salas, Sigall K Bell

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The ambulatory diagnostic process is potentially complex, resulting in faulty communication, lost information, and a lack of team coordination. Patients and families have a unique position in the ambulatory diagnostic team, holding privileged information about their clinical conditions and serving as the connecting thread across multiple healthcare encounters. While experts advocate for engaging patients as diagnostic team members, operationalizing patient engagement has been challenging. The team science literature links improved team performance with shared mental models, a concept reflecting the team's commonly held knowledge about the tasks to be done and the expertise of each team member. Despite their proven …

Extracellular Vesicles Released By All Patients Contain Hne-Adducted Proteins: Implications Of Collateral Damage., Jenni Ho, Suriyan Sukati, Tamara Taylor, Sherry Carter, Brittany Fuller, Amy Marmo, Caryn Sorge, John D'Orazio, D Allan Butterfield, Subbarao Bondada, Heidi Weiss, Daret K St Clair, Luksana Chaiswing

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Off-target neuronal injury is a serious side-effect observed in cancer survivors. It has previously been shown that pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors have a decline in neurocognition compared to healthy age-matched counterparts. Elevated oxidative stress has been documented to be a mediator in off-target tissue damage in cancer survivors. Early detection of oxidative stress markers may provide an opportunity to prevent off-target tissue damage. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have surfaced as a potential diagnostic tool due to molecular cargo they contain. We investigated the potential for EVs to be a sensitive indicator of oxidative stress and off-target tissue damage by …

Development Of 24-Hour Rhythms In Cortisol Secretion Across Infancy: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Individual Participant Data, Laura Kervezee, Michelle Romijn, Kirsten N.G. Van De Weijer, Britney S.J. Chen, George L. Burchell, Marieke S. Tollenaar, Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz, Lauren E. Philbrook, Carolina De Weerth, Yang Cao, Joost Rotteveel, Rina D. Eiden, Rima Azar, Nicole R. Bush, Adina Chis, Grazyna Kmita, Melissa W. Clearfield, Roseriet Beijers, Michael Gröschl, Stefan A. Wudy, Andries Kalsbeek, Evalotte Mörelius, Martijn J.J. Finken

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Context: In adults, cortisol levels show a pronounced 24-hour rhythm with a peak in the early morning. It is unknown at what age this early-morning peak in cortisol emerges during infancy, hampering the establishment of optimal dosing regimens for hydrocortisone replacement therapy in infants with an inborn form of adrenal insufficiency. Objective: We aimed to characterize daily variation in salivary cortisol concentration across the first year of life. Methods: We conducted a systematic review followed by an individual participant data meta-analysis of studies reporting on spontaneous (ie, not stress-induced) salivary cortisol concentrations in healthy infants aged 0-1 year. A one-stage …

Differential Effects Of Stimulation Waveform And Intensity On The Neural Structures Activated By Lumbar Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation, Harrison T. Finn, Marel Parono, Elizabeth A. Bye, Janet L. Taylor, Simon C. Gandevia, Martin E. Héroux, Jane E. Butler

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Lumbar transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (TSS) evokes synchronized muscle responses, termed spinally evoked motor response (sEMR). Whether the structures TSS activates to evoke sEMRs differ when TSS intensity and waveform are varied is unknown. In 15 participants (9 F, 6 M), sEMRs were evoked by TSS over L1–L3 (at sEMR threshold and suprathreshold intensities) with conventional (one 400-ls biphasic pulse) or high-frequency burst (ten 40-ls biphasic pulses at 10 kHz) stimulus waveforms in vastus medialis (VM), tibialis anterior (TA), and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles. TSS was paired with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the contralateral motor cortex at relative interstimulus …

Genome Wide Association Study Reveals Novel Associations With Face Morphology, Aamer Alshehhi, Mira Mousa, Guan K. Tay, Naoufel Werghi, Habiba Alsafar

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on the Middle Eastern population, including the United Arab Emirates (UAE), have been relatively limited. The present study aims to investigate genotype-face morphology associations in the UAE population through Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS). Phenotypic data (44 face measurements) from 172 Emiratis was obtained through three-dimensional (3D) scanning technology and an automatic face landmarking technique. GWAS analysis revealed associations of 19 genetic loci with six face features, 14 of which are novel. The GWAS analysis revealed 11 significant relationships between 44 face parameters and 242 SNPs, exceeding the GWAS significance threshold. These phenotypes were previously associated …

Investigating The Impact Of Sorghum On Tau Protein Phosphorylation And Mitochondrial Dysfunction Modulation In Alzheimer’S Disease: An In Vitro Study, Nasim Rezaee, Eugene Hone, Hamid Sohrabi, Rasheed Abdulraheem, Stuart K. Johnson, Stuart Gunzburg, Ralph N. Martins, W. M.A.D.Binosha Fernando

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with poorly understood pathology. Elevated tau, phospho-tau and mitochondrial dysfunction are significantly correlated with an increased risk of AD and are therefore targets for disease-modifying therapy. In this study, we examined the effects of polyphenolic extracts from six different varieties of sorghum: Shawaya short black-1 (Black), IS1311C (Brown), QL33/QL36 (Red), B923296 (Red), QL12 (White), and QL33 (Red) on the attenuation of beta amyloid-induced phospho-tau levels, total tau levels, and mitochondrial dysfunction in neuronal cells. Method: Tau proteins (231 (pT231), Serine- 199 (pS199), and total tau proteins (T-tau)) were detected and quantified …