Medical Sciences Commons^™

Literature Review: Nutrition Supplementation For Muscle Fatigue In Athletes, Mardiana Mardiana, Apoina Kartini, Dwi Sutiningsih, Suroto Suroto, Muhammad Solihuddin Muhtar

Jurnal Keolahragaan

The use of natural or conventional-based supplementation has become a popular strategy among athletes seeking to reduce oxidative stress, improve recovery, and enhance athletic performance. This literature review searched four reputable international electronic databases, including PubMed, MedRxiv, Cochrane, and Clinical Trial.gov until December 2021, using Boolean operators with keywords and Mesh methods. The keywords used were "Supplementation", AND "Muscle Fatigue Recovery", AND "Athletes", which yielded 24 articles as study findings. The literature review found that exhaustive exercise can induce a neutrophil antioxidant response by increasing antioxidant enzymes. Nutritional supplements, specifically antioxidant supplements, Branched Chain Amino Acid (BCAA), citrulline, omega-3, and …

Konsep Diagnosis Dan Penatalaksanaan Fraktur Osteoporosis Terkini, I Gusti Ngurah Wien Aryana, Febyan Febyan

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease that is caused by a decreased amount of bone mass, and microarchitectural damage to bone tissue that affects the bone to break easily. Osteoporosis can be divided into primary and secondary etiologies. Vertebral, hip, distal radius, and proximal humerus are the most common predilection of fracture complication due to osteoporosis. The diagnosis of osteoporotic fractures is established based on the identification of risk factors, general clinical manifestations, specific manifestation from each fracture predilection, and advanced examinations, including radiology imaging and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The purpose of osteoporotic fractures management in elderly is a stable …

A Suspected Case Of Levetiracetam Induced Rhabdomyolysis, Luke Merrill Ms, Layne Hohn Ms, Marlee Jones Ms, Sydney Gibson Ms, Ty Moody Md, Anthony Breemo Md

Aesculapius Journal (Health Sciences & Medicine)

Background: Levetiracetam is a broad-spectrum antiseizure drug which works to terminate convulsions and is used in the treatment of certain types of seizures. It is commonly used to treat epilepsy in adults, and has proven an effective treatment for adults with focal seizures. This drug is normally well tolerated, but commonly reported adverse effects include fatigue, somnolence, and dizziness. A few less common effects have been noted as well, including behavioral disturbances, thrombocytopenia, and—in very few cases—rhabdomyolysis.

Case Report: Our case reports a 55-year-old male who presented to a rural emergency department for active convulsing and unresponsiveness. Initial …

Benzodioxane-Benzamides As Promising Inhibitors Of Escherichia Coli Ftsz, Lorenzo Suigo, Begoña Monterroso, Marta Sobrinos-Sanguino, Carlos Alfonso, Valentina Straniero, Germán Rivas, Silvia Zorrilla, Ermanno Valoti, William Margolin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The conserved process of cell division in bacteria has been a long-standing target for antimicrobials, although there are few examples of potent broad-spectrum compounds that inhibit this process. Most currently available compounds acting on division are directed towards the FtsZ protein, a self-assembling GTPase that is a central element of the division machinery in most bacteria. Benzodioxane-benzamides are promising candidates, but poorly explored in Gram-negatives. We have tested a number of these compounds on E. coli FtsZ and found that many of them significantly stabilized the polymers against disassembly and reduced the GTPase activity. Reconstitution in crowded cell-like conditions showed …

Volar V-Y Advancement Flaps In Reconstructing Fingertip Injuries, Sawsan Abiad

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Fingertip injuries with exposed bones and joints require immediate or early closure for the preservation of function and avoidance of complications. The ideal procedure should maintain the length of the finger and cover the defect with non-tender, well-padded skin with normal sensation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the different types of volar V-Y advancement flaps in reconstructing and resurfacing injuries of the fingertips at different levels and angles. Thirty patients (N=30) sustaining fingertip injuries of variable etiology and lost components, type III & IV according to Allen’s classification were divided into two groups (n=15) …

Altered Outer Retinal Structure, Electrophysiology And Visual Perception In Parkinson's Disease, Katie K N Tran, Pei Ying Lee, David I Finkelstein, Allison M Mckendrick, Bao N Nguyen, Bang V Bui, Christine T O Nguyen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Visual biomarkers of Parkinson's disease (PD) are attractive as the retina is an outpouching of the brain. Although inner retinal neurodegeneration in PD is well-established this has overlap with other neurodegenerative diseases and thus outer retinal (photoreceptor) measures warrant further investigation.

OBJECTIVE: To examine in a cross-sectional study whether clinically implementable measures targeting outer retinal function and structure can differentiate PD from healthy ageing and whether these are sensitive to intraday levodopa (L-DOPA) dosing.

METHODS: Centre-surround perceptual contrast suppression, macular visual field sensitivity, colour discrimination, light-adapted electroretinography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were tested in PD participants (n = …

Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Urban farming can enhance the lives of communities and help reduce food scarcity. This paper presents a conceptual prototype of an efficient urban farming community that can be scaled for a single apartment building or an entire community across all global geoeconomics regions, including densely populated cities and rural, developing towns and communities. When deployed in coordination with smart crop choices, local farm support, and efficient transportation then the result isn’t just sustainability, but also increasing fresh produce accessibility, optimizing nutritional value, eliminating the use of ‘forever chemicals’, reducing transportation costs, and fostering global environmental benefits.

Imagine Doris, who is …

Two-Pore Channel-2 And Inositol Trisphosphate Receptors Coordinate Ca2+ Signals Between Lysosomes And The Endoplasmic Reticulum, Yu Yuan, Vikas Arige, Ryo Saito, Qianru Mu, Gabriela C. Brailoiu, Gustavo J.S. Pereira, Stephen R. Bolsover, Marco Keller, Franz Bracher, Christian Grimm, Eugen Brailoiu, Jonathan S. Marchant, David I. Yule, Sandip Patel

College of Pharmacy Faculty Papers

Lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are Ca2+ stores mobilized by the second messengers NAADP and IP3, respectively. Here, we establish Ca2+ signals between the two sources as fundamental building blocks that couple local release to global changes in Ca2+. Cell-wide Ca2+ signals evoked by activation of endogenous NAADP-sensitive channels on lysosomes comprise both local and global components and exhibit a major dependence on ER Ca2+ despite their lysosomal origin. Knockout of ER IP3 receptor channels delays these signals, whereas expression of lysosomal TPC2 channels accelerates them. High-resolution Ca2+ imaging reveals elementary events upon TPC2 opening and signals coupled to …

Genetic Inactivation Of Β-Catenin Is Salubrious, Whereas Its Activation Is Deleterious In Desmoplakin Cardiomyopathy, Melis Olcum, Siyang Fan, Leila Rouhi, Sirisha Cheedipudi, Benjamin Cathcart, Hyun-Hwan Jeong, Zhongming Zhao, Priyatansh Gurha, Ali J Marian

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

AIMS: Mutations in the DSP gene encoding desmoplakin, a constituent of the desmosomes at the intercalated discs (IDs), cause a phenotype that spans arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) and dilated cardiomyopathy. It is typically characterized by biventricular enlargement and dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, cell death, and arrhythmias. The canonical wingless-related integration (cWNT)/β-catenin pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of ACM. The β-catenin is an indispensable co-transcriptional regulator of the cWNT pathway and a member of the IDs. We genetically inactivated or activated β-catenin to determine its role in the pathogenesis of desmoplakin cardiomyopathy.

METHODS AND RESULTS: The Dsp gene was conditionally deleted in …

Attitudes Toward Persons With Disabilities And Disability Awareness Of University Students Providing Healthcare, Canan Ertemoğlu Öksüz, Özlem Kanber Uzun, Şahi Nur Kalkışım, Nihat Burak Zihni

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: This study aims to determine the attitudes and disability awareness of university students who provide health services to persons with disabilities.

Methods: This study included 291 volunteer students studying at the Vocational School of Health Services, Karadeniz Technical University (KTU), and conducting clinical practice at KTU Farabi Hospital. A sociodemographic form was used to determine the individual characteristics of the students included in this study, and the Attitudes toward Disabled Persons Scale (ATDP) was applied to determine their attitudes toward persons with disabilities.

Results: The students’ average ATDP score was 61.75 ± 12.34. Statistically significant differences …

Mir-142: A Master Regulator In Hematological Malignancies And Therapeutic Opportunities, Wilson Huang, Doru Paul, George A Calin, Recep Bayraktar

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNA whose dysregulation is frequently associated with the onset and progression of human cancers. miR-142, an ultra-conserved miRNA with both active -3p and -5p mature strands and wide-ranging physiological targets, has been the subject of countless studies over the years. Due to its preferential expression in hematopoietic cells, miR-142 has been found to be associated with numerous types of lymphomas and leukemias. This review elucidates the multifaceted role of miR-142 in human physiology, its influence on hematopoiesis and hematopoietic cells, and its intriguing involvement in exosome-mediated miR-142 transport. Moreover, we offer a comprehensive …

Triobp Modulates Β-Catenin Signaling By Regulation Of Mir-29b In Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, Lan Wang, Wenyu Zhao, Cong Xia, Shuaichen Ma, Zhongzheng Li, Ningdan Wang, Linke Ding, Yaxuan Wang, Lianhui Cheng, Huibing Liu, Juntang Yang, Yajun Li, Ivan Rosas, Guoying Yu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal and devastating lung disease of unknown etiology, described as the result of multiple cycles of epithelial cell injury and fibroblast activation. Despite this impressive increase in understanding, a therapy that reverses this form of fibrosis remains elusive. In our previous study, we found that miR-29b has a therapeutic effect on pulmonary fibrosis. However, its anti-fibrotic mechanism is not yet clear. Recently, our study identified that F-Actin Binding Protein (TRIOBP) is one of the target genes of miR-29b and found that deficiency of TRIOBP increases resistance to lung fibrosis in vivo. TRIOBP knockdown inhibited …

P53r245w Mutation Fuels Cancer Initiation And Metastases In Nash-Driven Liver Tumorigenesis, Denada Dibra, Mihai Gagea, Yuan Qi, Gilda P Chau, Xiaoping Su, Guillermina Lozano

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Obesity is a significant global health concern. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are common risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and are closely associated with metabolic comorbidities, including obesity and diabetes. The TP53 tumor suppressor is the most frequently mutated gene in liver cancers, with half of these alterations being missense mutations. These mutations produce highly abundant proteins in cancer cells which have both inhibitory effects on wildtype (WT) p53, and gain-of-function (GOF) activities that contribute to tumor progression. A Western diet increases p53 activity in the liver. To elucidate the functional consequences of Trp53 mutations in …

Maternal Western Diet Programs Cardiometabolic Dysfunction And Hypothalamic Inflammation Via Epigenetic Mechanisms Predominantly In The Male Offspring, Mona Elgazzaz, Clara Berdasco, Jone Garai, Melody Baddoo, Shiping Lu, Hisham Daoud, Jovanny Zabaleta, Franck Mauvais-Jarvis, Eric Lazartigues

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Objective; Maternal exposure during pregnancy is a strong determinant of offspring health outcomes. Such exposure induces changes in the offspring epigenome resulting in gene expression and functional changes. In this study, we investigated the effect of maternal Western hypercaloric diet (HCD) programming during the perinatal period on neuronal plasticity and cardiometabolic health in adult offspring. Methods; C57BL/6J dams were fed HCD for 1 month prior to mating with regular diet (RD) sires and kept on the same diet throughout pregnancy and lactation. At weaning, offspring were maintained on either HCD or RD for 3 months resulting in 4 treatment groups …

Genital Tract Infections, The Vaginal Microbiome And Gestational Age At Birth Among Pregnant Women In South Africa: A Cohort Study Protocol, Ranjana M.S. Gigi, Mandisa M. Mdingi, Hyunsul Jung, Shantelle Claassen-Weitz, Lukas Bütikofer, Jeffrey D. Klausner, Christina A. Muzny, Christopher M. Taylor, Janneke H.H.M. Van De Wijgert, Remco P.H. Peters, Nicola Low

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Introduction Preterm birth complications are the most common cause of death in children under 5 years. The presence of multiple microorganisms and genital tract inflammation could be the common mechanism driving early onset of labour. South Africa has high levels of preterm birth, genital tract infections and HIV infection among pregnant women. We plan to investigate associations between the presence of multiple lower genital tract microorganisms in pregnancy and gestational age at birth. Methods and analysis This cohort study enrols around 600 pregnant women at one public healthcare facility in East London, South Africa. Eligible women are ≥18 years and …

Glp1 Receptor Agonists-Effects Beyond Obesity And Diabetes, Sydney S Wilbon, Mikhail G Kolonin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) have been transformative for patients and clinicians in treating type-2 diabetes and obesity. Drugs of this class, the bioavailability of which is continuously improving, enable weight loss and control blood glucose with minimal unwanted side effects. Since adopting GLP1RA for treating metabolic diseases, animal and clinical studies have revealed their beneficial effects on several other pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, kidney disease, and cancer. A notable commonality between these diseases is their association with older age. Clinical trials and preclinical data suggest that GLP1RA may improve outcomes in these aging-related diseases. Some of the benefits …

Medical Student Advising During Virtual Residency Recruitment: Results Of A National Survey Of Internal Medicine Clerkship And Sub-Internship Directors, Irene Alexandraki, Nadia Ismail, Cindy J Lai, Nicholas S Duca, Temple Ratcliffe, Michael Kisielewski, Amber T Pincavage

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: The residency application process is a critical time for medical students. The COVID-19 pandemic prompted changes to the residency recruitment procedures with the conversion of interviews to a virtual format. For medical school advisors guiding students on an all-virtual residency application process brought uncertainty to their advising practices. Thus, this study aimed to identify advising practices during the 2021 virtual application cycle.

METHODS: We administered an IRB-exempt national survey through the Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine to 186 internal medicine core/co-/associate/assistant clerkship directors and sub-internship directors representing 140 Liaison Committee on Medical Education-accredited U.S./U.S.-territory-based medical schools in spring 2021. …

Patient-Reported Sexual Function, Bladder Function And Quality Of Life For Patients With Low Rectal Cancers With Or Without A Permanent Ostomy, Michael K Rooney, Melisa Pasli, George J Chang, Prajnan Das, Eugene J Koay, Albert C Koong, Ethan B Ludmir, Bruce D Minsky, Sonal S Noticewala, Oliver Peacock, Grace L Smith, Emma B Holliday

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing utilization of sphincter and/or organ-preservation treatment strategies, many patients with low-lying rectal cancers require abdominoperineal resection (APR), leading to permanent ostomy. Here, we aimed to characterize overall, sexual-, and bladder-related patient-reported quality of life (QOL) for individuals with low rectal cancers. We additionally aimed to explore potential differences in patient-reported outcomes between patients with and without a permanent ostomy.

METHODS: We distributed a comprehensive survey consisting of various patient-reported outcome measures, including the FACT-G7 survey, ICIQ MLUTS/FLUTS, IIEF-5/FSFI, and a specific questionnaire for ostomy patients. Descriptive statistics and univariate comparisons were used to compared demographics, treatments, …

A Distinct Human Cell Type Expressing Mhcii And Rorγt With Dual Characteristics Of Dendritic Cells And Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells, Alina Ulezko Antonova, Silvia Lonardi, Matilde Monti, Francesco Missale, Changxu Fan, Matthew L Coates, Mattia Bugatti, Natalia Jaeger, Patrick Fernandes Rodrigues, Simone Brioschi, Tihana Trsan, José L Fachi, Khai M Nguyen, Ryan M Nunley, Daniele Moratto, Stefania Zini, Lingjia Kong, Jacques Deguine, Mark E Peeples, Ramnik J Xavier, Menna R Clatworthy, Ting Wang, Marina Cella, William Vermi, Marco Colonna

The Brown Foundation: Institute of Molecular Medicine

Recent studies have characterized various mouse antigen-presenting cells (APCs) expressing the lymphoid-lineage transcription factor RORγt (Retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t), which exhibit distinct phenotypic features and are implicated in the induction of peripheral regulatory T cells (Tregs) and immune tolerance to microbiota and self-antigens. These APCs encompass Janus cells and Thetis cell subsets, some of which express the AutoImmune REgulator (AIRE). RORγt+ MHCII+ type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) have also been implicated in the instruction of microbiota-specific Tregs. While RORγt+ APCs have been actively investigated in mice, the identity and function of these cell subsets in humans remain elusive. …

Co-Transmitting Interneurons In The Mouse Olfactory Bulb Regulate Olfactory Detection And Discrimination, Ariel M Lyons-Warren, Evelyne K Tantry, Elizabeth H Moss, Mikhail Y Kochukov, Benjamin D W Belfort, Joshua Ortiz-Guzman, Zachary Freyberg, Benjamin R Arenkiel

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Co-transmission of multiple neurotransmitters from a single neuron increases the complexity of signaling information within defined neuronal circuits. Superficial short-axon cells in the olfactory bulb release both dopamine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), yet the specific targets of these neurotransmitters and their respective roles in olfaction have remained unknown. Here, we implement intersectional genetics in mice to selectively block GABA or dopamine release from superficial short-axon cells to identify their distinct cellular targets, impact on circuit function, and behavioral contribution of each neurotransmitter toward olfactory behaviors. We provide functional and anatomical evidence for divergent superficial short-axon cell signaling onto downstream neurons …

Engineered Adoptive T-Cell Therapies For Breast Cancer: Current Progress, Challenges, And Potential, Diego F Chamorro, Lauren K Somes, Valentina Hoyos

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Breast cancer remains a significant health challenge, and novel treatment approaches are critically needed. This review presents an in-depth analysis of engineered adoptive T-cell therapies (E-ACTs), an innovative frontier in cancer immunotherapy, focusing on their application in breast cancer. We explore the evolving landscape of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and T-cell receptor (TCR) T-cell therapies, highlighting their potential and challenges in targeting breast cancer. The review addresses key obstacles such as target antigen selection, the complex breast cancer tumor microenvironment, and the persistence of engineered T-cells. We discuss the advances in overcoming these barriers, including strategies to enhance T-cell efficacy. …

Impact Of Cumulative Dose Of Brentuximab Vedotin On Outcomes Of Frontline Therapy For Advanced-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma, Raphael E Steiner, Steven R Hwang, Arushi Khurana, Thomas M Habermann, Narendranath Epperla, Kaitlin Annunzio, Pamela Blair Allen, Katelin Baird, Darina Paulino, Juan Pablo Alderuccio, Izidore S Lossos, Kevin David, Andrew M Evens, Karan Pandya, Steven M Bair, Manali Kamdar, Sheeba Ba Aqeel, Pallawi Torka, Ryan Lynch, Stephen Smith, Lei Feng, Mansoor Noorani, Sairah Ahmed, Ranjit Nair, Francisco Vega, Susan Wu, Penny Fang, Chelsea C Pinnix, Jillian R Gunther, Bouthaina S Dabaja, Hun J Lee

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In the pivotal study ECHELON-1, brentuximab vedotin (BV), doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (A + AVD) demonstrated superior efficacy compared with bleomycin + AVD for the treatment of advanced-stage classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). However, there are minimal available data regarding the frequency of dose reductions or omission of BV during curative therapy and the potential impact on patient outcomes. In a real-world analysis, we retrospectively reviewed the characteristics and outcomes of 179 patients with stage III or IV cHL treated with frontline A + AVD from January 2010 to April 2022. Treatment consisted of up to 1.2 mg/kg of BV and …

Lidocaine Induces Apoptosis In Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through Activation Of Bitter Taste Receptor T2r14, Zoey A Miller, Arielle Mueller, Taebeom Kim, Jennifer F Jolivert, Ray Z Ma, Sahil Muthuswami, April Park, Derek B Mcmahon, Kevin T Nead, Ryan M Carey, Robert J Lee

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) have high mortality and significant treatment-related morbidity. It is vital to discover effective, minimally invasive therapies that improve survival and quality of life. Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are expressed in HNSCCs, and T2R activation can induce apoptosis. Lidocaine is a local anesthetic that also activates bitter taste receptor 14 (T2R14). Lidocaine has some anti-cancer effects, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, we find that lidocaine causes intracellular Ca

Impact Of Cumulative Dose Of Brentuximab Vedotin On Outcomes Of Frontline Therapy For Advanced-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma, Raphael E Steiner, Steven R Hwang, Arushi Khurana, Thomas M Habermann, Narendranath Epperla, Kaitlin Annunzio, Pamela Blair Allen, Katelin Baird, Darina Paulino, Juan Pablo Alderuccio, Izidore S Lossos, Kevin David, Andrew M Evens, Karan Pandya, Steven M Bair, Manali Kamdar, Sheeba Ba Aqeel, Pallawi Torka, Ryan Lynch, Stephen Smith, Lei Feng, Mansoor Noorani, Sairah Ahmed, Ranjit Nair, Francisco Vega, Susan Wu, Penny Fang, Chelsea C Pinnix, Jillian R Gunther, Bouthaina S Dabaja, Hun J Lee

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In the pivotal study ECHELON-1, brentuximab vedotin (BV), doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (A + AVD) demonstrated superior efficacy compared with bleomycin + AVD for the treatment of advanced-stage classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). However, there are minimal available data regarding the frequency of dose reductions or omission of BV during curative therapy and the potential impact on patient outcomes. In a real-world analysis, we retrospectively reviewed the characteristics and outcomes of 179 patients with stage III or IV cHL treated with frontline A + AVD from January 2010 to April 2022. Treatment consisted of up to 1.2 mg/kg of BV and …

Microcalcification Crystallography As A Potential Marker Of Dcis Recurrence, Zoey A Miller, Arielle Mueller, Taebeom Kim, Jennifer F Jolivert, Ray Z Ma, Sahil Muthuswami, April Park, Derek B Mcmahon, Kevin T Nead, Ryan M Carey, Robert J Lee

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) have high mortality and significant treatment-related morbidity. It is vital to discover effective, minimally invasive therapies that improve survival and quality of life. Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are expressed in HNSCCs, and T2R activation can induce apoptosis. Lidocaine is a local anesthetic that also activates bitter taste receptor 14 (T2R14). Lidocaine has some anti-cancer effects, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, we find that lidocaine causes intracellular Ca

Stabilizing Vimentin Phosphorylation Inhibits Stem-Like Cell Properties And Metastasis Of Hybrid Epithelial/Mesenchymal Carcinomas, Nick A Kuburich, Petra Den Hollander, Maria Castaneda, Mika Pietilä, Ximing Tang, Harsh Batra, Francisco Martínez-Peña, Tanvi H Visal, Tieling Zhou, Breanna R Demestichas, Ritesh V Dontula, Jojo Y Liu, Joanna Joyce Maddela, Reethi S Padmanabhan, Lan Thi Hanh Phi, Matthew J Rosolen, Thiru Sabapathy, Dhiraj Kumar, Filippo G Giancotti, Luke L Lairson, Maria Gabriela Raso, Rama Soundararajan, Sendurai A Mani

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) empowers epithelial cells with mesenchymal and stem-like attributes, facilitating metastasis, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal (E/M) cells, retaining both epithelial and mesenchymal traits, exhibit heightened metastatic potential and stemness. The mesenchymal intermediate filament, vimentin, is upregulated during EMT, enhancing the resilience and invasiveness of carcinoma cells. The phosphorylation of vimentin is critical to its structure and function. Here, we identify that stabilizing vimentin phosphorylation at serine 56 induces multinucleation, specifically in hybrid E/M cells with stemness properties but not epithelial or mesenchymal cells. Cancer stem-like cells are especially susceptible to vimentin-induced multinucleation relative to …

Safety And Efficacy Of Ixoberogene Soroparvovec In Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration In The United States (Optic): A Prospective, Two-Year, Multicentre Phase 1 Study, Arshad M. Khanani, David S. Boyer, Charles C. Wykoff, Carl D. Regillo, Brandon G. Busbee, Dante Pieramici, Carl J. Danzig, Brian C. Joondeph, James C. Major, Adam Turpcu, Szilárd Kiss

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

Background

Gene therapy, successfully used in rare, monogenetic disorders, may prove to be a durable management approach for common, polygenetic conditions, including neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Repeated injections, oftentimes monthly, and possibly for decades, of vascular endothelial growth factor antagonists (anti-VEGF), is the standard for nAMD. We hypothesised that an in-office, intravitreal administration of ixoberogene soroparvovec (ixo-vec, formerly ADVM-022), a single-dose gene therapy encoding for the proven anti-VEGF protein, aflibercept, would transform retinal cells to continually produce aflibercept to minimise treatment burden in nAMD.

Methods

In this two-year, open-label, prospective, multicentre phase 1 study, patients with nAMD responding to …

Education Research: Virtual Patient Management Conference For Epilepsy Surgery In The Post-Covid-19 Era: An Educational Perspective, Thomas Pecha, Sharonya Shetty, Abhishek Kengen, Jay Gavvala, Atul Maheshwari

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to assess the potential educational value of a virtual patient management conference (PMC) with the introduction of inclusive anonymous polling at a comprehensive epilepsy center. The secondary objective was to evaluate differences between faculty and trainee polling results.

METHODS: Two online surveys were sent 1 year apart seeking opinions about a transition to virtual PMC and completed by virtual PMC faculty participants (including representatives from neurology, neurosurgery, and neuropsychology). One online survey was sent to trainees (medical students, residents, and fellows) to assess the educational value of the conference. Anonymous …

How To Peer Review A Neurology Education Manuscript, Daniel G Di Luca, Steven M Lazar, Preeta Gupta, Marie Charmaine S Lukban, Cole Crowson, Dara V F Albert, Jeremy J Moeller, Andres Fernandez, Andrew M Southerland, Zachary London

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Peer review is an essential process in scientific research, ensuring the comprehensiveness, accuracy, and suitability of manuscripts for publication. Neurology education research differs from biomedical clinical research in several ways. These differences encompass specific paradigms, the use of theoretical frameworks, and different methodological approaches. Despite the high number of studies and journal publications on neurology education, there is a dearth of resources and guidance on how to perform a formal review on this specific literature. This article aims to review the distinctive features of neurology education from clinical research while proposing an organizational framework and model for performing peer reviews …

Pivotal Trial Of A Deep-Learning-Based Retinal Biomarker (Reti-Cvd) In The Prediction Of Cardiovascular Disease: Data From Cmerc-Hi, Chan Joo Lee, Tyler Hyungtaek Rim, Hyun Goo Kang, Joseph Keunhong Yi, Geunyoung Lee, Marco Yu, Soo-Hyun Park, Jin-Taek Hwang, Yih-Chung Tham, Tien Yin Wong, Ching-Yu Cheng, Dong Wook Kim, Sung Soo Kim, Sungha Park

The Brown Foundation: Institute of Molecular Medicine

Objective: The potential of using retinal images as a biomarker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has gained significant attention, but regulatory approval of such artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms is lacking. In this regulated pivotal trial, we validated the efficacy of Reti-CVD, an AI-Software as a Medical Device (AI-SaMD), that utilizes retinal images to stratify CVD risk.

Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, we used data from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center-High Risk (CMERC-HI) Cohort. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) trend across the 3-tier CVD risk groups (low-, moderate-, and high-risk) …